• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

Various input data required for water quality modeling have considerable impacts on modeling results and relevant analysis due to the absence of data standardization and lack of data accuracy. With this in mind, this study mainly focused on the designing Korean Reach File for more effective water quality modeling through the supply of database composed with accurate hydraulic and hydrologic data. The Korean Reach File is the hydraulic database with the locational information of individual reaches, and each reach represents the stream reach of homogeneous hydraulic characteristics. In detail, it has reach code designating each stream reach, and topological information including catalog unit, segment, marker and index. It was also designed considering linkage of existing codes such as stream name and stream code. The devised reach code was implemented to Kyungan River at the City of Gwangju of Kyunggi Province and the results showed that the reach code could effectively support the input database integrating basic numerous data required for water quality modeling based on a criterion as well as easier linkage and utilization with existing database. In addition, more systematic water quality management was enabled through the linkage of existing data such as treatment facilities, pollutant data, and management institutes using the reach codes defined for each stream section. In the future, more efforts need to be made to adopt the reach code as the national standard data thereby enabling utilization of numerous relevant database through the assigning of reach code to individual stream reaches nationwide.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.147-162
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• 1997

When designing workplaces or arranging controls on panel, devices and controls should be placed within the reach of operator's arm or foot to guarantee effective performances. Most of the existing research on the reach volume were based on measurements of a few subject's arm reach, and limited to Caucasian and Chinese populations. Furthermore, reach volume considering foot or trunk motion have not been investigated. Range of human joint motion and that of two degrees of freedom motion are needed to generate reach volume analytically using the sweeping algorithm. However, range of two degrees of freedom motion has not been measured up to now. Therefore, range of two degrees of freedom motion was measured in this research, where 47 college students were participated voluntarily as subjects. The results showed that the motion of one joint can be limited by the motion of another motion, that is to say, the shoulder flexion was decreased significantly when the shoulder was adducted or abducted. Second, new approximate algorithms generating reach volumes were suggested, in which range of two degrees of freedom motion was used as input data. Depending upon the body segment included such as trunk, arm and leg, three types of reach volume were provided, in which the human body was modeled as a multilink system based on the robot kinematics and the sweeping method was employed. Reach volume generated analytically in this study showed statistically reasonable results when compared with that obtained from direct measurement.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.242-247
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• 2011

본 연구는 한국형 Reach File을 개발하기 위한 선행 연구로써 한국형 Reach File의 필수 구성요소 중 하나인 속성을 설계하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 이를 위해 우선 미국 Reach File 구축 사례를 검토하였고, 특히 최종 버전인 RF3(Reach File version 3)의 속성 내역을 정리하여 설계에 참조하였다. 국내 TMDL 업무 분석을 수행하여 업무 활용 측면에서 요구되는 속성도 모델링을 통해 속성 설계에 반영하였으며, 아울러 아크-노드 모델(Arc-node model) 기반의 네트워크 형식의 공간자료를 구축하는 것을 가정하여 네트워크 분석에도 활용이 가능하도록 선형 및 점형 도형자료 간 위상관계도 속성 설계에 반영하였다. 연구 결과에서 한국형 Reach File의 속성은 '위상(topology)', '위치(location)', '주제(theme)'의 세 가지 대분류에 따라 모델링되었으며, 각 분류에 따라 세부 속성이 정의되었다. 고유 식별자를 포함하여 선형 도형자료의 경우 총 53개, 점형 도형자료의 경우 총 13개의 세부 속성이 정의되었고, 각 속성에 대한 속성명, 필드명, 데이터 타입 및 길이 등에 관한 상세 설계서가 작성되었다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 속성 설계서는 향후 한국형 Reach File 구축에 직접 활용이 가능하며, 따라서 한국형 Reach File의 구체적인 개발 방향의 설정에도 기여할 것으로 예상된다. 향후 연구에서는 속성 설계서 결과를 바탕으로 한국형 Reach File 구축 및 활용에 관한 연구가 뒤따라야 한다.

• Clean Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.225-231
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• 2008

In recent years, the extensive expansion of environmental regulations is led by advanced countries. In particular, REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) effective from 2007 issues a serious threat to export-dependent Korean economy because the principal exports of Korea may infringe upon the regulation. Here, we introduce a general comprehension and current situation of REACH in order to cope with possible crisis caused by REACH. Furthermore, we indicate a trouble in counter-plan prepared by companies and government and wish to suggest appropriate measures on the basis of experts opinions.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.232-237
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• 1996

When designing workplaces or arranging controls on panel, devices and controls should be placed within the reach of operator's arm or foot to guarantee effective performances. Most of the existing research on the reach volume were based on measurements of a few subject's arm reach, and limited to Caucasian and Chineses populations, and foot reach and trunk motion have been excluded. Range of human joint motion and that of two degrees of freedom motion are needed to generate reach volume analytically using the sweeping algorithm. Therefore, in this research, range of two degrees of reedom motion was measured, in which 47 college students were participated volumtarily as subjects. Second, new approximate algorithms generating reach volumes were suggested based on the robot kinematics, in which range of two degrees of freedom motion was considered. Our analytically generated reach volume showed statistically reasonable results when compared with that obtained from direct measurement.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.169
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• pp.58-64
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• 2007

지금까지의 국제환경규제 중 가장 강력한 환경규제로 평가되는 유럽연합(EU)의 REACH(신 화학물질 관리제도)가 다음달인 6월 발효된다. 이 제도에 제대로 대응하지 못할 경우 유럽 수출길이 막히게 돼 국내 기업들의 대책 마련이 시급하다. REACH가 가장 강력한 환경규제로 꼽히는 이유는 규제 대상의 광범위성 때문이다. 화학제품은 물론 전자, 자동차, 생활용품 등 완제품에 함유된 화학물질도 모두 등록 대상으로 총 3만종이 넘는다는 게 EU 화학물질관리청의 추정이다. 그러나 문제는 REACH가 EU 수출에 있어 거대한 무역 장벽으로 등장하고 있지만 국내 산업계의 대응은 아직 크게 미흡하다는 것이다. 특히 중소기업의 경우 REACH의 개념조차 제대로 모르고 있는 실정이다. 환경부가 지난해 말 EU에 수출하고 있는 3200여개 기업을 대상으로 설문조사를 한 결과, 응답률은 127개(회수율 4%)밖에 안됐으며 설문에 참여한 117개 중소기업 중 제도에 대해 전혀 모르고 있다는 답변이 36%나 됐다. 본 고에서는 일본기업 REACH 대응 설문조사 결과 내용을 통해 국내 인지도와 비교해 봄과 동시에 REACH 제도에 대응하기 위해 나아갈 방향을 조명해 본다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

Yangjae stream was divided with Seoul and Gwacheon reach. Seoul reach was ecologically restored; however, Gwacheon reach was not. Similarity index of the bird communities between the two areas was relatively high, 79.9%. The dominant species in Seoul reach were Passer montanus, Pica pica, Paradoxornis webbianus and Anas crecca. The dominant species in Gwacheon reach were Passer montanus, Pica pica, Paradoxornis webbianus and Streptopelia orientalis. The different species was Anas crecca in Seoul and Streptopelia orientalis in Gwacheon. An eco-park was constructed along the stream of Seoul reach since 1996 but was not in Gwacheon reach; the number of species has increased in Seoul area($r^2$=0.846, p<0.01), but Gwacheon was not change($r^2$=0.023, p>0.05) since 1996. The number of individuals, however, was almost constant in both reaches(Seoul : $r^2$=0.211, p>0.05, Gwacheon : $r^2$=0.032, p>0.05). In Seoul reach, the ecological restoration of stream was helpful to increase bird diversity. The number of waterbirds such as herons, plovers, sandpipers and wagtails was higher in Gwacheon reach than in Seoul reach, but the number of ducks and songbirds was higher in Seoul reach than in Gwacheon reach. We suggest that the ecological restoration in Seoul area might have negative effects on sandpipers, plovers and wagtails inhabiting on the flood plain in stream, but positive effects on other species such as herons, ducks and songbirds. Especially, the increasing number of ducks was attributed to an artificial pond in flood plain. The difference in the number of Streptopelia orientalis between both reaches was owing to the habitat differences such as forest trees playing a role as patch in high revetment. From the present investigation, it could be concluded that the ecological restoration of the local stream must be carried out with consideration of water channels, sand banks and water front in addition to the high revetment for birds to attract diverse bird communities.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to determine whether movement strategies affect functional forward reach distance in a standing position. Forty-seven healthy subjects were selected for this study: 23 men and 24 women, with an average age of 22.3. Functional forward reach distances were measured as hip strategy and squat strategy (included knee and ankle movement strategy) in a standing position, respectively. The mean values of functional forward reach distance in hip strategy, squat strategy were 33.57 cm, 29.48 cm, respectively. There was significantly difference in functional forward reach distance between hip strategy and squat strategy(p<.001). There was no difference of functional forward reach distance between male and female in hip strategy, but there was significant difference in other strategy(p<.05). These results suggest that movement strategies should be considered during functional forward reach test in standing. Further study is required to determine whether movement strategies affect functional reach distance in elderly and disabled groups.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.352-360
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• 2012

This paper proposes a low-cost, low-power, and high-capacity optical-electrical-optical-type reach extender that can provide 3R frame regeneration and remote management to increase the reach and split ratio with no change to a legacy time division multiple access passive optical network. To provide remote management, the extender gathers information regarding optical transceivers and link status per port and then transmits to a service provider using a simple network management protocol agent. The extender can also apply to an Ethernet passive optical network (E-PON) or a gigabit-capable PON (G-PON) by remote control. In a G-PON, in particular, it can provide burst mode signal retiming and burst-to-continuous mode conversion at the upstream path through a G-PON transmission convergence frame adaptor. Our proposed reach extender is based on the quad-port architecture for cost-effective design and can accommodate both the physical reach of 60 km and the 512 split ratios in a G-PON and the physical reach of 80 km and the 256 split ratios in an E-PON.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.787-796
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• 1995

A man model is a useful design tool for the evaluation of man machine systems and products. An arm reach trajectory prediction for such a model will be specifically useful to present human activities and, consequently, could increase the accuracy and reality of the evaluation. In this study, a three-dimensional reach trajectory prediction model was developed using an inverse kinematics technique. The upper body was modeled as a four link open kinematic chain with seven degrees of freedom. The Resolved Motion Method used for the robot kinematics problem was used to predict the joint movements. The cost function of the perceived discomfort developed using the central composite design was also used as a performance function. This model predicts the posture by moving the joints to minimize the discomfort on the constraint of the end effector velocity directed to a target point. The results of the pairwise t-test showed that all the joint coordinates except the shoulder joint's showed statistically no differences at .alpha. = 0.01. The reach trajectory prediction model developed in this study was found to accurately simulate human arm reach trajectory and the model will help understand the human arm reach movement.