• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.299-307
• /
• 2009

Data exclusivity is one of the most important intellectual property rights of pharmaceuticals. During data exclusivity period, third parties are prohibited from relying on the data which the original company has submitted to regulatory authority for drug application. I investigated data exclusivity systems for pharmaceuticals in the US, EU, Canada and Korea. New chemical entities were usually given the longest periods of data exclusivity compared to drugs with new indication or new formulation, although the protection periods varied by country. For new drugs to be entitled to a data exclusivity, strict conditions should be met. Data exclusivity has also been provided as an incentive to promote clinical investigation and drug development for pediatric population or orphan diseases. In Korea, data exclusivity was adopted in 1995 as an additive provision to "drug re-examination" which is to investigate post-marketing safety information of new drugs. It was introduced with few discussion on the purposes or effects of data exclusivity on pharmaceutical industry and pharmaceutical market in this country. I found that Korea's data exclusivity system falls short of considerations on valuing innovation of pharmaceutical research. It is necessary to improve data exclusivity system in order to promote innovative pharmaceutical development and to balance intellectual property rights protection and access to drugs in this country.

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.13-23
• /
• 2001

Recently, the demands on the short range radio device has been highly increasing, with the advantage of its mobility and improvement of its reliability which has been ensured by development of digital communication techniques. This study suggests the direction for the improvement of the national regulations in the technical, administrative and regulatory aspects, discussing the present situation of the regulations. While suggesting to launch the study on spectrum source and RE environments, we expect that several proposals in this paper will give a satisfaction on the development of strategy for spectrum management, development of radio technology and booming the short range radio communication.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.113-118
• /
• 2015

In this paper, a cancellation technique for electromagnetic waves is realized based on a retrodirective antenna array system. The system re-transmits a signal to the direction of the incoming signal, with the same frequency and opposite phase. For the experimental verification, a $2{\times}2$ retrodirective array system is designed and fabricated. Experimental results for a metallic cylinder show as much as 26-dB reduction in reflection.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to provide training materials for practical use by investigating the kinematical variables of the successful landing by the type of the salto backward such as Tuck, Pike. For this study, the subjects are 4 male national gymnasts using 3-dimensional cinematographic method. Based on the results of this study, the conclusions are drawn as follows. 1. In flight phase, Tuck and Pike show fast extension after completing minimum angle of hip joint passing through the peak. It is very important factor to control body with gaining time before landing while decreasing the velocity of flight rotaion. 2. In Landing phase, the angles of each joint for successful landing are shown as $92deg{\sim}100deg$ for knee angle, $52deg{\sim}57deg$ for hip angle, and $56deg{\sim}70deg$ for shoulder angle. 3. Tuck and Pike dramatically decrease the height of COG, and horizontal/vertical velocity of COG from TD to LD. Also, it is shown that the knee angle, the hip angle and the shoulder angle decrease drastically. On the other hand, the angular velocity of trunk rotation shows negative direction and due to this, the angle of trunk rotation is shown as re-flexion.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.42 no.6 s.144
• /
• pp.608-618
• /
• 2005

A new technique giving significant drag reduction in turbulent shear flows has been proposed by using the buoyancy effect to generate periodic spanwise motion. Such spanwise motion can be obtained by arranging heating and cooling strips periodically aligned in the spanwise direction of a vertical channel, where the streamwise mean flow is perpendicular to the gravity vector The strip size has been changed in order to obtain the optimum size corresponding to the maximum drag reduction. The bulk Reynolds number, $ Re_{m} = U_{m} \delta / \nu \$ is fixed at 2270 while Grashof numbers is changed between $10^{6}$ to $10^{7}$. As Grashof number increases, considerable drag reduction can be obtained, At the highest Grashof number, an optimum strip size of about 250 wail units gives drag reduction of about 35$\%$. The greater the Grashof number, the smaller the strip size attains the maximum drag reduction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.59-72
• /
• 2002

Along with the enlargement of WTO, issues about standardization activity are more and more become concerning object worldwide. Countries launch the work that putting the standardization in order, such as re-establishing their standardization strategy. With the chance of entering WTO, China is promoting the rebuilding of standardization system in order to conform to international standardization system. Thus, in this paper, research make it clear that the variation of circumstance of standardization activity, the importance of the standardization activity, and the international movement, in the meantime, it surveyed the development course of standardization activity and it's present operating system. By this means, it concludes the problems of present operating system and implies the improving scheme. Further more, this paper implies Chinese characteristic standardization system which conform with WTO/TBT and international standardization system. Firstly, through the comprehensive analysis on standardization system, it figures out the main function of relevant organizations in each working stage. Secondly, this paper makes a system model composed of possible three stage, and setup items needs promotion and main target in each stage. Finally, this paper point out the development direction of standardization system, it also implies it's limitation and the later possible research topic in this field.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.233-247
• /
• 2007

In order for companies to survive rapidly changing business environment, it is expected that the activities in an enterprise must be reorganized around business processes; the information infrastructures are based on Web Services; and information systems are re-built around the BPMS (Business Process Management System). In this research we suggest major directions of e-business enhancement especially based on SOA(Service Oriented Architecture). Then we investigate the correlation between BPM functionalities and e-business technologies, and suggest priorities among the evolving directions of BPM functionalities via an intensive expert survey. The results of this study can be used by BPM solution vendors, prospective buyers and IT policy makers.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.295-302
• /
• 2006

This study is to integratedly examine coastal management policy and marine tourism development project for Korean coasts, especially for the South Sea of high development pressure, presenting sustainable tourism development policies for the future. To do so, it is examined central government-level coastal development projects set up by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries and the Ministry cf Construction and Transportation, setting the direction of south coastal management and tourism development at a level of national territory planning. The problems of coastal management first and then the problems of the South Coast Tourism Belt Project are analyzed in order to present political and administrative alternatives. To overcome such problems and make Korea a marine tourism base in East Asia, there is a need for re-recognition of the value of the project and its continuous push through cooperation between central and local governments. Also, under the presupposition of consensus building among local people and the sustainable development of environments, there should be are-recognition that the future cf Korean marine tourism in the 21st-century and the success of an inverted $\pi-axis$ national development depend on the South coastal Tourism Belt Development Project.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2008.11b
• /
• pp.2530-2535
• /
• 2008

The Visualizations of the flowfield through tube banks with in-line and staggered arrangements were investigated by PIV. Strouhal numbers, velocity vectors and velocity profiles around the cylinders with in-line and staggered arrangements were observed at the pitch ratio $P_t/D=2.0$ and Reynolds number of $Re=4.0{\times}10^3$. As the results The flow patterns through tube banks were almost a straight line in case of the in-line arrangement while it was almost 八 type in case of the staggered arrangement in the direction of the wake. The average velocity in the rear region of the tube banks with the staggered arrangement was far smaller than that with the in-line arrangement. The Strouhal number in the last rank was far smaller than that in the front ranks in both of the in-line and staggered arrangements. The wake of each cylinder changed with time and with the position of the cylinder.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.109-115
• /
• 2008

In the P2P distributed system, such peers don't always keep on-line status. P2P systems are different from the ordinary systems that such peers are organically operated as the elements of system. In this case, users using P2P system are able to loss the reliability. At this point, many P2P studies are tried to resolve these problems. In this paper, we suggest a P2P search algorithm for multidirectional processing about the resources to be downloading. In existing studies, the loading rate is very high to select new resources supported peer, so we suggest new solution in this study.