• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.94-99
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• 2008

The characteristics of the flowfield of a square prism having fences on the corner was investigated by the PIV. Strouhal numbers, velocity vectors and velocity profiles around the square prism were observed at various positions of the fences, and Reynolds number of $Re=0.6{\times}10^4{\sim}1.0{\times}10^4$. As the results in case of the prism having fences the Strouhal numbers were all smaller than in case of the prototype prism. In case of the prism having vertical fences on the front corners the concentrated intensity of the vorticity was the strongest and the size of separated shear layer was the largest. While in case of the prism having vertical fences on the rear corners the concentrated intensity of the vorticity was the weakest and the size of separated shear layer was the smallest. Also in this case, the flow separated in front corner was reattached around the rear corner and made circulation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.10 s.181
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• pp.2477-2486
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• 2000

A planetary gear assembly is a key component to combine and/or split a power from the source. With a planetary gear assembly, a continuously variable unit extends its capacity by means of power bra nching mechanism. Power branching with one planetary gear assembly and one continuously variable unit is categorized into 12 basic types. Each type represents peculiar power transmitting characteristics. Additionally, a multi-mode (range) continuously variable transmission can be designed with accompanying clutches. A multi-mode continuously variable transmission changes the path through which the source power is transmitted. Each path has its own features, such as high efficiency. In this paper, some design principles are examined such as, criteria to guarantee the minimum power efficiency, and constraints to guarantee the smooth mode shift after discussing well-known features of multi-mode M mathematically.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.367-376
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• 2015

The momentum and kinetic turbulent energy carried by the wind to a stratified lake lead to basin-scale motions, which provide a major driving force for vertical and horizontal mixing. A three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model was applied to Lake Tahoe, located between California and Nevada, USA, to simulate the dominant basin-scale internal waves in the deep lake. The results demonstrated that the model well represents the temporal and vertical variations of water temperature that allows the internal waves to be energized correctly at the basin scale. Both the model and thermistor chain (TC) data identified the presence of Kelvin modes and Poincare mode internal waves. The lake was weakly stratified during the study period, and produced large amplitude (up to 60 m) of internal oscillations after several wind events and partial upwelling near the southwestern lake. The partial upwelling and followed coastal jets could be an important feature of basin-scale internal waves because they can cause re-suspension and horizontal transport of fine particles from nearshore to offshore. The internal wave dynamics can be also associated with the distributions of water quality variables such as dissolved oxygen and nutrients in the lake. Thus, the basin-scale internal waves and horizontal circulation processes need to be accurately modeled for the correct simulation of the dissolved and particulate contaminants, and biogeochemical processes in the lake.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.19-25
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• 2015

An experimental study was conducted to find the effect of a pilot flame on the flammability of inert-gas-diluted methane and propane. The diffusion pilot flame was formed with propane at the innermost nozzle of a concentric triple co-flow burner. The main diffusion flame was formed with nitrogen-diluted methane or propane at the outermost nozzle of the burner. An air flow was located in-between. The results showed that the existence of the pilot flame helped stabilizing the main flame even at the flammability limit concentration of nitrogen-diluted fuel. The co-flow burner generated re-circulation zones and local variation of equivalence ratio depending on the flow rates of the reactants, which are known to help flame stabilization. Hot-wire experiments confirmed that both heating of the reactants and supplying of active chemical species by the pilot flame contributed to stabilization of the main flame. The results of this study would suggest a design concept for an efficient SVRU system that minimizes the emission of unburned hydrocarbon fuel from ship fuel tanks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.15-25
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• 2004

This paper outlines a new convergence acceleration de-signed to solve scramjet flowfields with zones of re-circulation. Named the “marching-window”, the algorithm consists of performing pseudo-time iterations on a minimal width subdomain composed of a sequence of cross-stream planes of nodes. The upstream boundary of the subdomain is positioned such that all nodes upstream exhibit a residual smaller than the user-specified convergence threshold. The advancement of the downstream boundary follows the advancement of the upstream boundary, except in zones of significant streamwise ellipticity where a streamwise ellipticity sensor ensures its continuous progress. Compared to the standard pseudo-time marching approach, the march-ing-window is here seen to decrease the work required for convergence by up to 24 times for supersonic flows with little streamwise ellipticity and by up to 8 times for supersonic flows with large streamwise separated regions. The memory requirements are observed to be reduced sixfold by not allocating memory to the nodes not included in the computational subdomain. The marching-window satisfies the same convergence criterion as the standard pseudo-time stepping methods, hence resulting in the same converged solution within the tolerance of the user-specified convergence threshold. The extension of the marching-window to the weakly-ionized Navier-Stokes equations is also discussed.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.34-39
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• 2018

A cryogenic cooling system is designed for a 154 kV/ 2 kA three-phase hybrid type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL). The superconducting modules of the SFCL have the operating condition of 71 K at 500 kPa. The total heat load of the SFCL including the cooling system is estimated at 9.6 kW. The cooling system of the closed loop is configured to meet the operating condition, depending on cooling methods of forced flow cooling and re-liquefaction cooling. The cooling system is composed of three cryostats with superconducting modules, cryocoolers, liquid nitrogen circulation pumps, a subcooler and a pressure builder. The basic cooling concept is to circulate liquid nitrogen between three SFCL cryostats and the cryocooler, while maintaining the operating pressure. The design criterion for the cooling system is based on the operation results of the cooling system for a 154 kV/2 kA single-phase hybrid SFCL. The specifications of system components including the piping system are determined according to the design criterion.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.383-401
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• 2018

Wordsworth is a poet who thought seriously about problems of human's relation to the world as perceiving subjects. What he calls "the life of things" illustrates the enabling power of things and their vitalities at play in excess of human elements. Drawing on this, he provides insights into vital materialities that act upon, and are acted upon by, the collaborative circulation between human and nonhuman agency. This paper aims to reinvigorate the debate about Wordsworth's ethics of things in terms of such critical notions as things, objects, agency, and nonhumans in an attempt to explain what he envisions as new environmental realities built upon nonhierarchical, collaborative relationships between all participants. From the vantage point of things, we see clearly what has been neglected in the New Historicist critical method. It holds fast to the conceit that humans are entitled to have sole agential legitimacy, disregarding the vibrancy of things. They opt for the objectified matter or the (re)presented state of things. But in terms of Wordsworth's life of things, all participants have equal amounts of agency regardless of their forms and for that reason humans are expected to respect other things' sovereignty. Through encounters with things, things in their thingness show up for us, only to reveal the ineradicable rupture between themselves and their objectified forms.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.410-416
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• 2010

Studies were carried out to establish the technology for sodium-clad compatibility and to analyze the compatibility behavior of the Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) cladding material under a flowing sodium environment. The natural circulation facility caused by the thermal convection of the liquid sodium was constructed and the 316-series stainless steels were exposed at $650{^{\circ}C}$ liquid sodium for 1458 hours. The weight change and related microstructural change were analyzed. The results showed that the quasi-dynamic facility represented by the natural convection exhibited similar results compared to the conventional dynamic facility. Selective leaching and local depletion of the chromium, re-distribution of the carbide, and the decarburization process took place in the 316-series stainless steel under a flowing sodium environment. This process decreased as the sodium flowed along the channel, which was caused by the change in the dissolved oxygen and carbon activity in the liquid sodium.

• Atmosphere
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2021

The relationship between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and surface air temperature (SAT) over Korea is re-examined using the long-term observation and reanalysis datasets for the period of December 1958 to February 2020. Over the entire period, Korean SAT is positively correlated with the AO index with a statistically significant correlation coefficient, greater than 0.4, only in the boreal winter. It is found that this correlation is not static but changes on the decadal time scale. While the 15-year moving correlations are as high as 0.6 in 1980s and 1990s, they are smaller than 0.3 in the other decades. It is revealed that this decadal variation is partly due to the AO structure change over the North Pacific. In the period of 1980s-1990s, the AO-related sea level pressure fluctuation is strong and well defined over the western North Pacific and the related temperature advection effectively changes the winter SAT over Korea. In the other periods, the AO-related circulation anomaly is either weak or mostly confined within the central North Pacific. This result suggests that Korean SAT-AO index relationship, which becomes insignificant in recent decades is highly dependent on mean flow change in the North Pacific.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.119-128
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• 2021

This study defines the integrated game experience of game users that across internal and external media of game as the transmedia enjoyment of game. This study categorizes the cases and analyze features. Game users have four types of transmedial enjoyment. The expansion type is characterized by the user's desire to solve the uncertainty, and the transmission type is characterized by the emergence of alternative play spaces. In the permeation type and the circulation type, it is observed users participate more in the content can be re-contextualized and based on real world knowledge.