• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.536-541
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• 1996

Between June 1988 and June 1994, twenty five patients with locAlly advanced esophageal carcinoma received preoperative chemotherapy (Cisplatln, 5-Fluorouracil with or without Etoposide) and followed by resection. All patients had clinical evidence of airway involvement or distant Iymphnode involve- ment (M 1 Iymphnode) on bronchoscopy or computed tomographic scans. The major response rate to chemotherapy decided by the postoperative stage was 48% (12125). The resection rate was 92% (23/25) with overall complete resection rate of 72% (18125). Two patients had exploratory laparotomy (thorn- cotomy) only. Thirteen patients had esophagogastrostomy with a combined abdominl and Rt. thoracic approach (Ivor Lewis operation), slx pAtients had transhiatal esophagectomy, four patients had esophagogastrostomy with a combined Rt. thoracotonly & abdominal, cervical approach. There were three postoperative deaths (12%). Follow-up duration was between 3.3 months to 65 months. Median survival ime of resected patients except hospital death was 14.8 months. Actuarial survival at 12, 24 months was 72.9%, 26.2%. Signifi- cant better survival was associated with responder group (postoperative stage less than lIB) (P=0.029). These results demonstrate that 1) Preoperative Cisplatin based combined chemotherapy Produce high response rate, 2) High complete resection rate with acceptable mortality rate occur after preoperative chemotherapy, 3) Better surviL dl can be anticipated if complete resection performed after major re- sponse to preoperative chemotherapy.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2007

A new procedure for the concentration of nonoviruses from water samples has been developed. This procedure (calcium flocculation-citrate dissolution method) uses the following steps: virus flocculation formed by treatment with 1 M $CaCl_2$ and 1 M $Na_2HPO_4$, virus release by sodium citrate dissolution (0.3 M Na citrate, pH 3.5), and virus re-concentration by ultrafiltration. When reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was performed after the procedure, the overall detection sensitivity for seeded noroviruses in a one liter drinking water sample was as low as 1 RT-PCR unit, which is equal to a $10^{-6}$ dilution of the virus sample. This approach showed at least a 5-fold-higher sensitivity than the current method with its three steps of adsorption-elution-concentration. The newly developed procedure was used to test different brands of bottled drinking water from China for putative contamination with noroviruses. A total of 144 samples were analyzed; all of the samples were negative for norovirus specific nucleic acids.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.230-237
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence and characterization of tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) in Chinese foxglove isolated from the field of the Chonbuk province(Jinan, Jangsu, Jeongeup). TMV was detected in all three regions and confirmed positive reaction by ELISA test. In the host range test, Chenopodium amaranticola, Nicotiana glutinosa, N. tabacum cv. 'Bright yellow', N. tabacum cv. 'KY­57, Datura stramonium were locally infected with the virus. The virus produced mosaic symptom on inoculated leaves of N. tabacum cv. 'Samson'. However, Chenopodium quinoa, Glycine max, Raphanus sativus, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita moschata, Brassica rape and Lycopersion esculentum did not show any symptoms. TMV particles were revealed as a stiff rod shape by transmission electron microscopic(TEM) and measured as 300 nm in length with 18 nm in diameter. Total RNA was extracted from showing symptom loaves infected with TMV and the reverse transcription­polymerase chain reaction (RT­PCR) obtained 531 bp DNA product of RNA with specific primer used. The capsid protein of TMV­RE showed higher amino acid sequence homology(97.7％) with TMV­To than with TMV­P(72.2％). The capsid protein of TMV­152 showed same amino acid sequence homology with TMV­F. The result of comparison of nucleotides sequence homology between TMV­RE strain and other TMV strain showed 94％ homology with others except TMV­P(67.3％) and TMV ­ C(68.6％).

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 1994

We present here a new PCR-based cloning technique that allows the different PCR products during mouse embryogenesis. Recently, mRNA differential display described by Liang & Pardee (Science 257, 1992) and re-confirmed by Zimermann & Schultz (PNAS 91,1994). This method will detect the appropriate changes in the temporal patterns of expression or in the transition from maternal control to zygotic control as well as the functional difference of embryo with polyspermy or monospermy, the difference of expression between successfully hatched blastocyst and blastocyst failed to hatching, response to agents, and cell cycle regulation. By this methods, we have cloned an eDNA, which showed mouse 2 cell specific expression. Genomic DNA digested with EcoRI showed approximately 15 kb and then showed higher expression in fetal liver rather than adult liver. Furthermore, this gene is likely to have 2 mRNA by alternative splicing.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.432-440
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• 2019

Global climate change exerts adverse effects on maize production. Among abiotic stresses, drought stress during the tasseling stage (VT) can increase anthesis-silking intervals (ASI) and decrease yield. We performed an evaluation of ASI and yield using a drought-sensitive line (Ki3) and a drought-tolerant line (Ki11) to analyze the correlation with ASI and yield. Moreover, the de novo data of Ki11 were analyzed to find putative novel transcripts related todrought stress in tropical maize. A total of 182 transcripts, with a log2 ratio >1.5, were found by comparing drought conditions to a control. The top 40 transcripts of high expression levels in the de novo analysis were selected and analyzed with PCR. Of the 40 transcripts, six novel transcripts were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) using seedling and VT stage samples. Five transcripts (transcripts_1, 12, 34, 35, and 40) were up-regulated in the Ki11 shoot at seedling stage, and transcripts_1, 12, and 40 were up-regulated at the re-watering stage after 12 h of drought stress. The transcripts_32 and 34 were up-regulated at the VT stage. Hence, transcript_34 possibly plays a significant role in drought tolerance during the seedling and VT stages. The transcript_32 was identified as chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) by Pfam domain analysis. The function of the other transcripts remained unknown. Further characterization of these novel transcripts in genetic regulation will be of great value for the improvement of maize production.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.111-111
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• 2017

The development and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) is frequently impacted by water scarcity, and consequently to increased drought tolerance in a priority target in maize breeding programs. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of resistance to drought stress in maize, RNA-seq of the public database was used for transcriptome profiling of the seedling stage exposed to drought stress of three levels, such as moderate, severe drought stress and re-watering. In silico analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 176 up-regulated and 166 down-regulated DEGs was detected at moderated stress in tolerance type. These DEGs was increasing degradation of amino acid metabolism in biological pathways. Six modules based on a total of 4,771 DEGs responses to drought stress by the analysis of co-expression network between tolerance and susceptible type was constructed and showed to similar module types. These modules were discriminated yellow, greenyellow, turquoise, royalblue, brown4 and plum1 with 318, 2433, 375, 183, 1405 and 56 DEGs, respectively. This study was selected 30 DEGs to predicted drought stress response gene and was evaluated expression levels using drought stress treated sample and re-watering sample by quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). 23 genes was shown increasing with drought stress and decreasing with re-watering. This study contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of maize seedling stage responses to drought stress and could be useful for developing maize cultivar resistant to drought stress.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.308-314
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the change in re-osseointegration over time and bone reaction at the interface between implant fixture and the surface of the bone, after destroying re-osseointegration by distorting the bone-implant interface artificially. Materials and methods: Experimental implant fixtures (cp titanium, ${\phi}3.75\;mm{\times}4\;mm$) which didn't have surface treatment were produced. Two or three fixtures were implanted on both tibias of twelve female rabbits (New Zealand white, more than 3.5 kg). Then after six weeks, removal torque (RT) was measured and the results were recorded as the first measurement values. The fixtures were submerged again to get reosseointegration between the bone and fixture. To identify the change in re-osseointegration of submerged fixtures over time, six groups had the healing time for four days (group I), one week (group II), two weeks (group III), three weeks (group IV), four weeks (group V) and five weeks (group VI), and then the secondary removal torque was measured for each group. To identify the bone formation under fluorescent light, tetracycline (15 mg/kg, IM) were treated on the rabbits of each group. After the second measurement, the rabbits were sacrificed, and 16 slides were made, two or three for each group. The slides were observed under the fluorescent light with light microscope. To find out the change in the secondary removal torque over the primary removal torque in progress of time, the averages of the increase rate of the primary and secondary torque removal force were calculated. Then, to find out if there were any critical differences between the primary removal torque and the secondary removal torque in each group and among the groups, the results were analyzed statistically by paired t- test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Results: In group I and II, secondary removal torque decreased, especially in group I. In group III, IV, V, and VI, secondary removal torque increased critically. Comparing the differences among the groups, the critical difference was shown between group I, II and group III, IV, V, VI. Mineralization at the interface between the bone and implant fixture was identified from the first week, and bone formation was shown more clearly from the second week. Conclusion: If the implant fixture remains unforced for a certain period of time after the fixture has had iatrogenic mobility, re-osseointegration occurs at the surface of the fixture, and for tibias of rabbits, higher re-osseointegration was obtained within two weeks.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.205-212
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• 2019

Analysis of differentially expressed genes has assisted discovery of gene sets involved in particular biological processes. The purpose of this study was to identify genes involved in appressorium formation in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae via analysis of cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Amplification of appressorial and vegetative mycelial cDNAs using 28 primer combinations generated over 200 differentially expressed transcript-derived fragments (TDFs). TDFs were excised from gels, re-amplified by PCR, cloned, and sequenced. Forty-four of 52 clones analyzed corresponded to 42 genes. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that expression of 23 genes was up-regulated during appressorium formation, one of which was the MCK1 gene that had been shown to be involved in appressorium formation. This study will be providing valuable resources for identifying the genes such as pathogenicity-related genes in M. oryzae.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05c
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• pp.290-295
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to establish the pressure/temperature curves of Reactor Coolant System for brittle fracture prevention. The pressure/temperature curve is the basis to select RC Pump and limits to operate the plant. Based on the plant operation experience, this curve should be re-generated periodically in order to ensure the structural integrity using data from the test of reactor vessel surveilance materials to compensate for the irradiation effects. This study provides the procedure of pressure/temperature curve generation in term of brittle fracture prevention of reactor vessel. Using the UCN 3&4 data, the sample pressure/temperature curve was generated, and it was compared with those of YGN 3&4 based on the stress and $RT_{NDT}$value.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1996

In order to investigate the Immunomodulatory effects of ginseng, we have studied the effects of ginseng saponin on the proliferation and cytosine gene expression of human pheripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). In the PBMC proliferation assay, total saponin exhibited proliferation inhibition on the PBMC or phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-stimulated PBMC in a dose-dependent fashion. Immunomodulatory effects of ginseng were further investigated using the cytokine gene expression as the indicators. In the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), migration inhibitory factor and transforming growth factor genes were expressed in the PHA-stimulated PBMC 48 hrs after cell culture. Among expressed cytokines, total saponin could increase the expression of IL-1 and TNF of PBMC without stimulation of PHA. All of ginsenosides, $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, $Rg_1$, Rc, Re, incresed TNF gene expression. Especially, Rb2 (20 g/ml) showed most prominent effect on TNF gene expression and it also slightly increased IL-1 gene expression of PBMC.