• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.119-136
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• 2021

Objectives : The Korean Medical concept Nochae(勞瘵) has been identified as tuberculosis, which is defined as an infectious disease caused by Myobacterium Tuberculosis. However, this identification requires re-examination. Methods : The historical context of tuberculosis was examined, followed by examination of Nochae(勞瘵) as explained in the classical medical texts. The findings were compared. Results : Before tuberculosis was defined by Myobacterium Tuberculosis, there were various discussions on the disease, which overlapped greatly with Nochae(勞瘵). On the other hand, there were notable distinctions as well, which suggest key characteristics of Nochae(勞瘵). Conclusions : Tuberculosis pre-bacteria was understood as a consumptive and infectious disease manifested in symptoms in the Lungs. Nochae(勞瘵) was not defined by its lesion but rather within the contexts of deficiency-fatigue and being caused by parasites called Chung(蟲). Moreover, emotional fatigue was understood as the main cause of Nochae(勞瘵).

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2023

To diagnose lily fasciation, lily bulbs showing fasciation were collected from several greenhouses in Jeju Island, South Korea. Bacteria were isolated from the lily bulbs and amplified with both primers for fasA in plasmid and for putative glycosyltransferase epsH gene in chromosome of Rhodococcus fascians. Three bacterial isolates were detected with the P450 primer set and identified as R. fascians by NCBI blast analysis. Twelve bacterial isolates were identified as R. fascians using RS02785 primer set, including the three bacterial isolates identified as the same pathogen using the P450 primer set. Pathogenicity of these bacterial strains identified as R. fascians was demonstrated. Apparent symptoms were observed on wounded lily leaves after inoculation with each bacterial suspension whereas no symptom was found on lily leaves treated with H₂O. Furthermore, bacteria re-isolated from wounded sites were identified as R. fascians. Based on the results, these two sets of primers are recommended for quarantine of R. fascians.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

Three Pleuromamma copepods were newly collected from the South Sea of Korea in the summer when the Tsushima Warm Current was strong. They were identified as Pleuromamma abdominalis(Lubbock, 1856), P. indica Wolfenden, 1905, and P. xiphias (Giesbrecht, 1889). Although these species have been reported in world oceans, they were first reported from Korean waters. So far, four species of Pleuromamma (P. borealis Dahl, 1893, P. gracilis Claus, 1863, P. piseki Farran, 1929, and P. robusta (Dahl, 1893)) have been recorded in Korean waters. We provided re-description of these three species insufficiently described by previous authors and key characters for species identification in addition to species hitherto known in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.109-112
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• 2020

사람 재인식을 수행하기 위해서 많은 연구들이 진행되어 좋은 결과들을 보였다 그러나 이 결과들은 라벨이 있는 도메인에서의 지도 학습으로 얻은 결과들이었다. 라벨이 없는 도메인에서의 사람 재인식의 성능은 아직 많이 부족한 상태이다. 사람 재인식을 수행하고자 하는 목표 도메인에 반해 주어진 소스 도메인에서는 라벨이 풍부하다. 지금까지의 논문에서는 소스 도메인에서의 사람 이미지를 목표 도메인의 이미지처럼 만들어서 소스 도메인에서 높은 성능을 보이는 사람 재인식기를 목표 도메인에서도 잘 동작하도록 학습하는 방법들이 주를 이루었다. 하지만 이 방법에서는 소스 도메인의 사람 이미지를 목표 도메인의 이미지와 비슷하게 만들기만하고 사람의 신원에 대한 일관성을 유지시키지는 못하였다. 본 논문에서는 비지도 도메인 적응 사람 재인식을 수행하기 위해 클러스터 일관성(cluster consistency)을 유지하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 사람의 신원에 대한 일관성을 유지시켜서 사람 재인식의 성능을 높인다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1329-1332
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• 2022

다중 객체 추적 기술은 스포츠, 문화 예술 공연, VR 등 여러 방송 콘텐츠에서 자주 사용되고 있다. 방송 영상 안에 등장하는 여러 객체들은 객체간 상호작용에 의해 가려짐, 사라짐 (Occlusion) 등의 현상이 빈번하게 발생하고, 이 경우 기존에 추적되어온 객체들의 ID 가 소실되거나 교환되는 문제가 발생한다. 본 논문에서 더 강인한 다중 객체 추적을 위해, 주 개체 뿐만 아니라 주 개체에 종속되는 하위 개체 또한 함께 추적하는 개체-쌍-추적 기법을 제안한다. 한 쌍으로 묶인 주 개체와 종속 개체의 추적 정보와 매칭 정보는 상호보완적으로 사용되어, 소실 및 교환된 ID 도 복원할 수 있는 가능성을 높일 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 재인지 성능 향상을 위한 개체 쌍 추적 기법을 기술하였고, 성능 평가를 통해 제안 방법이 재인지 성능 향상에 기여할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.129-144
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• 2002

We investigated anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obese effects of Panax ginseng berry extract and its major constituent, ginsenoside Re, in obese diabetic C57BL/6J ob/ob mice and their lean littermates. Animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of Panax ginseng berry extract for 12 days. On Day 5, 150 mg/kg extract-treated ob/ob mice had significantly lower fasting blood glucose levels compared to vehicle-treated mice $(156{\pm}9.0\;mg/dl\;vs.\;243{\pm}15.8mg/dl,$ P<0.01). On Day 12, the extract-treated ob/ob mice became normoglycemic $(137{\pm}6.7\;mg/dl)$ and had significantly improved glucose tolerance. The overall glucose excursion during the two-hour intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), calculated as area under the curve (AUC), decreased by $46\%$ (P<0.01) compared to vehicle-treated ob/ob mice. Glucose levels of lean mice were not significantly affected by the extract. The improvement in blood glucose levels in 150 mg/kg extracttreated ob/ob mice was associated with significant reduction in serum insulin levels of fed and fasting mice. Consistent with an improvement in insulin sensitivity, hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp study revealed a more than 2-fold increase in the rate of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in treated ob/ob mice $(112{\pm}19.1\;vs.\;52{\pm}11.8{\mu}mol/kg/min$ for the vehicle group, P<0.01). In addition, 150 mg/kg extract-treated ob/ob mice, but not the lean mice, lost significant weight (from $51.7{\pm}1.9g\;on\;Day\;0\;to\;45.7{\pm}1.2$ on Day 12, P<0.01 compared to vehicle-treated ob/ob mice), associated with a significant reduction in food intake (P<0.05) and a very significant increase in energy expenditure (P<0.01) and body temperature (P<0.01). A 12-day treatment with 150 mg/kg Panax ginseng berry extract also significantly reduced plasma cholesterol levels in ob/ob mice. Additional studies demonstrated that ginsenoside Re, a major constituent of the ginseng berry, but not from the root, plays a significant role in anti-hyperglycemic action. This anti-diabetic effect of ginsenoside Re was not associated with body weight changes, suggesting that other constituents in the extract have distinct pharmacological mechanisms on energy metabolism. The identification of a significant anti-hyperglycemic activity in ginsenoside Re may provide an opportunity to develop a novel class of anti-diabetic agent.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.117-157
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• 2021

This research reviewed the HIPAA/HITECH, 21st Century Cures Act, Common Law, and private Guidances from the perspectives in protecting and utilitizing the medical data, while implications were followed. First, the standards for protection and utilization are relatively clearly regulated through single law on personal medical information in the United States. The HIPAA has been introduced in 1996 as fundamental act on protection of medical data. Medical data was divided into personally identifiable information, non-identifying information, and limited dataset under HIPAA. Regulations on de-identification measures for medical information, objects for deletion of limited data sets, and agreement on prohibition of data re-identification were stipulated. Moreover, in the 21st Century Cures Act regulated mutual compatibility for data sharing, prohibition of data blocking, and strengthening of accessibility of data subjects. Common Law introduced comprehensive consent system and clearly stipulates procedures. Second, the regulatory system is relatively simplified and clearly stipulated in the United States. To be specific, the expert consensus and the safe harbor system were introduced as an anonymity measure for identifiable medical information, which clearly defines the process while increasing trust. Third, the protection of the rights of the data subject is specified, the duty of explanation is specified in detail, while the information right of the consumer (opt-out procedure) for identification information is specified. For instance, the HHS rule and FDA regulations recognize the comprehensive consent system for human research, but the consent procedure, method, and requirements are stipulated through the common rule. Fourth, in the case of the United States, a trust-based system is being used throughout the health and medical data legislation. To be specific, Limited Data Sets are allowed to use in condition to the researcher's agreement to prohibit re-identification, and de-identification or consent process is simplified under the system.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.540-547
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• 2017

Background: In general, after Panax ginseng is administered orally, intestinal microbes play a crucial role in its degradation and metabolization process. Studies on the metabolism of P. ginseng by microflora are important for obtaining a better understanding of their biological effects. Methods: In vitro biotransformation of P. ginseng extract by rat intestinal microflora was investigated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 h, and the simultaneous determination of the metabolites and metabolic profile of P. ginseng saponins by rat intestinal microflora was achieved using LC-MS/MS. Results: A total of seven ginsenosides were detected in the P. ginseng extract, including ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rd. In the transformed P. ginseng samples, considerable amounts of deglycosylated metabolite compound K and Rh1 were detected. In addition, minimal amounts of deglycosylated metabolites (ginsenosides Rg2, F1, F2, Rg3, and protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides) and untransformed ginsenosides Re, Rg1, and Rd were detected at 24 h. The results indicated that the primary metabolites are compound K and Rh1, and the protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides were more easily metabolized than protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides. Conclusion: This is the first report of the identification and quantification of the metabolism and metabolic profile of P. ginseng extract in rat intestinal microflora using LC-MS/MS. The current study provided new insights for studying the metabolism and active metabolites of P. ginseng.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2003

Multistep detection was peformed to identify irradiated dried anchovy. In thermoluminescence (TL) analysis, non-irradiated samples represented a lower peak at about 28$0^{\circ}C$, but irradiated samples showed a higher peak at around 20$0^{\circ}C$. The normalization with a re-irradiation step at 1 kGy could verify the identification results. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy for bones separated from irradiated anchovy revealed specific signals (g=2.002,1.998) derived from a hydroxyapatite radical, which intensities were in proportion to the irradiation doses and still detectable even after 6 months of storage at -2$0^{\circ}C$. Six kinds of hydrocarbons (HC) were observed in dried anchovy samples and 1,7-hexadecadiene and 1-hexadecene were only detected in irradiated anchovy at 1 kGy or more. Also among 3 kinds of radiation-induced 2-alkylcyclobutanones (2-ACB) observed, 2-dodecylcy-clobutanone and 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone were unique in irradiated anchovy. As a result, the concentration of radiation-induced HCs and 2-ACBs were dependent on the irradiation dose and detectable after 6 months of storage. However, TL and ESR analyses were found simpler than the other methods for identification of irradiated boiled-dried anchovy.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.39-46
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• 2007

Research on human identification in ubiquitous environment has recently attracted a lot of attention. As one of those research, gait recognition is an efficient method of human identification using physical features of a walking person at a distance. In this paper, we present a human shape extraction and tracking for gait recognition using geodesic active contour models(GACMs) combined with mean shift algorithm The active contour models (ACMs) are very effective to deal with the non-rigid object because of its elastic property. However, they have the limitation that their performance is mainly dependent on the initial curve. To overcome this problem, we combine the mean shift algorithm with the traditional GACMs. The main idea is very simple. Before evolving using level set method, the initial curve in each frame is re-localized near the human region and is resized enough to include the targe region. This mechanism allows for reducing the number of iterations and for handling the large object motion. The proposed system is composed of human region detection and human shape tracking modules. In the human region detection module, the silhouette of a walking person is extracted by background subtraction and morphologic operation. Then human shape are correctly obtained by the GACMs with mean shift algorithm. In experimental results, the proposed method show that it is extracted and tracked efficiently accurate shape for gait recognition.