• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1996.10b
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• pp.3-12
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• 1996

Cold fusion technologies now are being developed very successfully. The $\pi$-far infrared rays are generated from three dimensional crystallizing $\pi$-bondings of oxygen atoms in water molecules. The growing cavity in water molecules make near resonance state and a vortex of infrared rays and attracts $\pi$-far infrared rays in the water. The cavity surrounded by a lot of $\pi$-far infrared rays has a very strong gravitational field. The $\pi$-far infrared rays are contracted into $\pi$-far infrared rays of half wave length and of one wave length. The $\pi$-far infrared rays of half wave length generate heat while $\pi$-far infrared rays of one wave length are contracted into $\pi$-gamma rays of one wave length. The contracted $\pi$-gamma rays of one wave length make nucleons and mesons, which is the creation and transmutation of matter by covalent bondings and three-dimensional crystallizing $\pi$-bondings into implosion bonding. Patterson power cell generates a very strong gravitational cavity because the electrolysized oxygen atoms make $\pi$-far infrared rays than in plain water.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2006

Recently, building requirements have been saturated and residents are demanding a variety of building exterior materials faced with roofs, walls, windows and doors. On the other hand, when building exterior materials are exposed with ultra violet rays during some periods, these will be influenced deterioration effects like discolorations, exfoliations and cracks and will be needed exchange of materials. In this study, main 17-provinces of Korea were collated climate data and counted the computation results with an assumption formula for calculating ultra violet rays amounts. Lastly, ultra violet rays map of Korea was made by the counted data and was considered tendencies. Accordingly, in the phase of design the designer can select the appropriate exterior materials which have durabilities and resistances of ultra violet rays. So hereafter this study can be a foundation study to sustain building exterior materials with ultra violet rays damages. Below is the summary of Korean ultra violet rays tendency. 1. Ultra violet rays during 1 year is from about $180MJ/m^2$ to about $210MJ/m^2$. 2. Southern province ultra violet rays is higher than northern province. 3. Annually counted rays is higher and higher.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.212-222
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• 2000

This study intends to observe how the essential elements of art have changed Human's sense of beauty extending over the whole lives as well as fashion through the investigation of Light and Rays which have played a important role in giving birthe to the new trend of art within the upheaval age of various cultures. The peculiarities of which Futurism of Italy and Rayonism of Russia including Impressionism have a great role in giving birth to a new trend of art by means of the development of science technology are like these. Impressionists looked for the origin of the subtle harmony in nature within changes of sun-rays. The special feature of Impressionism paintings was to express the line of vision diversely according to changes of light rather than to focus on the line of vision with clear outlines. Henceforth, Neo-Impressionism which developed Impressionism more systematically leaded changes of Light and Rays more systematically and scientifically and maintained Divisionnisme techniques which extends to lead towards color and light through dividing and juxtaposing color. In the early 20th century Futurists tried to express dynamism through the interpenetration of light and revive color and light through the division techniques of color and persist an artificial light like eletricity rather than a natural light. Rayonism of Russia which was ifluenced from Impressionism and Futurism maintained intersection of reflecting rays which emerges from an object of things more deeply. This pursuit of light and rays also light and rays also appears as it is in modern fashion. First, it is the fashion which applied sun-rays persisted by Impressionists and expressed colors which show differently according to direction of light. Second, it is the fashion design which re-analyzed what Futurists expressed artificial light and rays. Third, it is the design which expressed Divisionnisme theory persisted by Impressionists and Futurists into fashion as it is and was made of being divided the form of glittering light into small dots. Fourth, it is the fashion design which applied Rayonists'work which applied intersection of reflected rays. Like this, it is aproved that the pursuit of light and rays expresses as it is in modern fashion of the 21st.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.490-498
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• 2022

The current study aimed to verify the image segmentation ability of rays in tangential thin sections of conifers using artificial intelligence technology. The applied model was Mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) and softwoods (viz. Picea jezoensis, Larix gmelinii, Abies nephrolepis, Abies koreana, Ginkgo biloba, Taxus cuspidata, Cryptomeria japonica, Cedrus deodara, Pinus koraiensis) were selected for the study. To take digital pictures, thin sections of thickness 10-15 ㎛ were cut using a microtome, and then stained using a 1:1 mixture of 0.5% astra blue and 1% safranin. In the digital images, rays were selected as detection objects, and Computer Vision Annotation Tool was used to annotate the rays in the training images taken from the tangential sections of the woods. The performance of the Mask R-CNN applied to select rays was as high as 0.837 mean average precision and saving the time more than half of that required for Ground Truth. During the image analysis process, however, division of the rays into two or more rays occurred. This caused some errors in the measurement of the ray height. To improve the image processing algorithms, further work on combining the fragments of a ray into one ray segment, and increasing the precision of the boundary between rays and the neighboring tissues is required.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.141-148
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• 2008

Beta rays emitted from tritium in titanium tritide film were simulated with cathode rays of a scanning electron microscope to investigate the effect of beta rays from tritium on semiconductor devices. The cathode ray currents, which vary with the change of applied energy and beam spot size, were measured with Faraday cup. The current from the semiconductor device irradiated with cathode rays at various conditions was measured. The cathode ray current increased with the increase of spot size to a maximum then decreased when the spot sized increased further. The magnitude of current produced in the semiconductor device is proportional to the magnitude of cathode ray current. The magnitude of cathode ray current at each energy level was matched to the intensity of beta ray to simulate the tritium beta ray spectrum. Then the semiconductor characteristics were analyzed with I-V curves.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the drying characteristics of tissue cultured mountain ginseng roots. The far infrared rays dryer of a double blast system used for this experiment can control the drying parameters such as far infrared heater temperature and air velocity. The far infrared rays drying tests of tissue cultured mountain ginseng roots were performed at air velocity of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 m/s, under drying air temperature of 50, 60, and $70^{circ}C$, respectively. The results were compared with one obtained by the heated air drying method. The drying characteristics such as drying rate, color, energy consumption, saponin components and antioxidant activities were analyzed. The results showed that the drying rate of far infrared rays drying was faster than that of heated air drying and due to high temperature of drying air and fast air velocity, the far infrared rays drying of double blast type was superior to the heated air drying. The value of the color difference for heated air drying was 10.11${\sim}$12.99 and that of far infrared rays drying was in the range of 7.05${\sim}$7.54, which was in the same drying condition, also energy consumption of far infrared rays drying was in the range of 3575${\sim}$6898 kJ/kg-water. At the same time, the antioxidant activities using far infrared rays drying were higher than those using heated air drying.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.447-454
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• 2004

During the hierarchical formation of large scale structure in the universe, the progressive collapse and merging of dark matter should inevitably drive shocks into the gas, with nonthermal particle acceleration as a natural consequence. Two topics in this regard are discussed, emphasizing what important things nonthermal phenomena may tell us about the structure formation (SF) process itself. 1. Inverse Compton gamma-rays from large scale SF shocks and non-gravitational effects, and the implications for probing the warm-hot intergalactic medium. We utilize a semi-analytic approach based on Monte Carlo merger trees that treats both merger and accretion shocks self-consistently. 2. Production of $^6Li$ by cosmic rays from SF shocks in the early Galaxy, and the implications for probing Galaxy formation and uncertain physics on sub-Galactic scales. Our new observations of metal-poor halo stars with the Subaru High Dispersion Spectrograph are highlighted.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1996.10b
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• pp.34-44
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• 1996

N-machine produces more than input energy at above 3000 rpm. any space energy is absorbed when the N-machine is rotating at a very high velocity. Laws of electromagnetics verify that normal conduction is due to that electrons moves from one three-dimensional crystallizing ${\pi}-bonding$ orbital to next. The ${\pi}-far$ infrared rays are generated from the resonance and rotation of the electrons on the orbitals of three-dimensional crystallizing ${\pi}-bonding$ atoms. Material in universe is composed of ${\pi}-rays$, which have alternative outward electric field. If the alternative outward electric fields of the ${\pi}-rays$ are resonant each other they make attraction force, which is the gravity. The collection of space energy is due to a attraction force between the radially alternating electric field and the ${\pi}-far$ infrared rays in the space. Electrons flow by absorbed density difference of ${\pi}-far$ infrared rays along a conduction wire, which also verifies that normal electron conduction is due to a flow from one three-dimensional crystallizing ${\pi}-bonding$ orbital to next.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.7
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• pp.1380-1385
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• 2009

This paper was studied about the aging judgment method by ultraviolet rays image to happen in electric power equipment using ultraviolet rays camera. We established the aging judgment method as follows; 20% within of risk factor of insulation state of electrical facility that ultraviolet rays image does not show is "good or recognition". 30$^{\sim}$50% within of risk factor is "check", 50$^{\sim}$60% within of risk factor is "inspection" and 60% above of risk factor is "replacement". This method will be utilized for the inspection about electrical facilities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.39-46
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• 2000

The imploded open $\pi$-rays comprise of the space and their diameters are distributed from nearly zero to infinite. The change of the potential energy in the open $\pi$-ray produces an attraction force between them and it is sensible to the geometric shape factor and its frequency. The equivalent principle of general relativity means that in the wave equation its velocity of the force wave is infinite. The change of the state in a open $\pi$-ray(or any force wave) can be transferred to any sensible open $\pi$-ray via space at a finite velocity. Many properties of the light wave can be deduce from the motions of open $\pi$-rays.The nonsteady and steady Schr dinger equations include the dynamics of open $\pi$-rays and closed $\pi$-rays.$\prod$-ray is a tool of entity for constructing physics and metaphysics at the same time.