• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.140-146
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• 2000

Even though coix (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen) has many physiological effects, since it has been known to cause sterility, farmers avoid using coix bran as a forage for their livestock. Therefore, as the consumption of coix increases, coix bran, which is a by product of pounding process, becomes a serious issue of environmental problem. Present study examined the physiological effects of coix bran in normal and diabetic rats for its possible use as a functional material. The effects of coix bran supplementation on plasma and hepatic lipid profile were evaluated in rats fed one of the following diet for 12 weeks : chow diet ; chow-bran diet (chow diet＋25% coix bran), high fat diet and high fat-bran diet (high fat diet＋25% coix bran). Additionally, glucose challenge and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin-diabetic rats were also examined. In normal rats, consumption of coix bran remarkably reduced body weight gain in chow or high fat diet fed rats. Additionally, consumption of coix branreduced blood TG, TC and atherogenic index (26%, 24% and 72%, respectively) in chow diet fed rats. Liver TG and cholesterol concentrations were reduced (43% and 49%, respectively) in high fat fed rats by coix bran supplementation. In diabetic rats, fasting blood glucose level was reduced about 25% by coix bran consumption. Also, glucose challenge pattern was improved and resembled normal pattern : it reaches to peak 15~30 minutes after glucose administration and get back to fasting blood glucose level after 90 minutes. Plasma concentrations of TG were elevated in diabetic rats and were reduced to normal level by coix bran supplementation. Liver TG and cholesterol concentrations were also elevated in diabetic rats and reduced to normal level by consumption of coix bran. These results suggest that coix bran may have beneficial effects on blood lipid and glucose level in normal and diabetic rats.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in PLP concentrations induced by regular, moderate, and abrupt, high-intensity exercise in the plasma and tissues of vitamin B6 deficient and normal rats. Forty-eight rats were fed either a vitamin B6 deficient (-B6) diet or a normal (+B6) diet for 5 weeks and were subdivided into 4 groups:non-exercise(NE) group: regular, moderate-intensity exercise (RME) group; abrupt, high-intensity exercise (AIE) group; abrupt, high-intensity exercise and recuperation(IRE) group. The RME group was exercised on treadmill ($10^{\circ}$, 0.5-0.8km/h) for 2 hours just before sacrifice at the end of 5th week on the diet and the IER group was recuperated for three days on the diet after being exercised like the AIE group. Pyridoxal 5 -phosphate(PLP) levels were compared in the plasma, liver and skeletal muscle of the rats. Plasma PLP concentration tended to decrease in -B6 rats and tended to increase in +B6 rats with AIE. Plasma PLP concentration in both +B6 rats with AIE and no change in both -B6 and +B6 rats with RME. Muscle PLP concentration decreased in +B6 rats, showed no change in -B6 rats with AIE. Muscle PLP concentrations in both +B6 and -B6 rats did not change with RME. Plasma PLP, liver PLP and muscle PLP concentration of IER returned to those of NE in both +B6 and -B6 rats. These results suggest that changes in PLP concentration in plasma, liver and muscle occur with exercise and are affected by exercise intensity and vitamin B6 status. These changes may be due to interorgan redistribution of PLP.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.531-536
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• 2004

The effects of liquid culture of Agaricus blazei Murill on the weight gains, serum and hepatic lipid concentrations were studied in male rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks old) were given four different types of diets for 6 weeks, respectively: a normal diet group, a high fat control diet group (normal diet+15% lard +0.5% cholesterol), a 30% or 40% A. blazei diet groups (high fat control diet+30% or 40% A. blazei in water) according to the levels of A. blazei supplementation. The body weight gains, food intake, food efficiency ratios, and the liver, kidney, and epididymal fat pad weights of the rats fed 30% or 40% A. blazei diets were similar to those of the rats fed high fat control diet. The concentrations of serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index in rats fed the 30% or 40% A. blazei diets were significantly decreased compared with those of rats fed the high fat control diet. The HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios of the rats fed 30% or 40% A. blazei diet were significantly increased compared with those of rats fed the high fat control diet. The fecal excretion of total lipid . in the rats fed 40% A. blazei diet was significantly increased compared with those of rats fed the high fat control diet. The concentrations of serum total lipid in the rats fed 40% A. blazei diet was significantly lower than that in the rats fed high fat control diet. But the concentrations of serum HDL-cholesterol, hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride of rats fed the 30 or 40% A. blazei diets were similar to those of rats fed the high fat control diet. These results showed that the 30 or 40% A. blazei diets feeding decreased the total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index, and increased the HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratio in serum of rats.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 1999

To evaluate an effect of growth periods on the bromobenzene-induced liver damage, bromobenzene was administrated to 5-week-old rats and 10-week-old rats pretreated with bromobenzene 5 times every other day for 10 days and then the animals were sacrificed. The results were obtained as follows; The increasing rate of serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, xanthine oxidase activity, hepatic lipid peroxide contents, liver weight per body weight (％) and decreasing rate of hepatic contents of protein to each control group were higher in 10-week-old rats than 5-week-old rats by the pretreatment of bromobenzene. According to the above results, 10-week-old rats indicated more severe liver injury than 5-week-old those in case of bromobenzene pretreatment. On the other hand, hepatic aniline hydroxylase activity was more increased in 10-week-old rats than 5-week-old rats both in control and bromobnezene pretreated rats where as the reverse in hepatic glutathione S-transferase. In case of hepatic GSH determination at the intervals of 2, 4, 8, 24 hours throughout 24 hr after administration of single dose of bromobenzene to 5-week-old and 10-week-old rats both in control and bromobnezene pretreated, the rate of GSH utilization was lower in 10-week-old rats than 5-week-old rats. In conclusion, from the above experimental, it is deduce that the 10-week-old rats showed more severe liver injury than 5-week-old rats by the bromobenzene treatment because the disposal ability of bromobenzene in liver was lower in 10-week-old rats than 5-week-old rats.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

PG has been well studied about effects of stress resistance. Although ZJ has been known that it had stress resistance effect since ancient times, its pharmacological properties and clinical applications have not been studied and reported until recently. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine whether effects of stress hormones, mechanism of stress protein could be induced by PG and ZJ of herb extract ingestion during stress exposure. In addition, this study identified expression of apoptosis factors related to stress. 1) Bcl-2 expression of the stressed rats decreased in comparison with the unstressed rats in heart and stomach. Bcl-2 expression of rats administered to PG was higher than the stressed rats in heart and that of rats administered to ZJ was higher than the stressed rats in stomach. 2) Stressed rats were decreased in p53 protein expression than normal rats. Thus, the results suggest stress-induced apoptosis is p53-independent apoptosis. And these results demonstrated that PG or ZJ administration helped to return from stress state to normal. 3) Clusterin expressed markedly in only salivary gland, but that of expression was no difference among four groups in tissues. Clusterin expression has no relation of stress-induced apoptosis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.93-102
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• 1990

The main objectives of this study was to observe the effects of Hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the healing processes of mandibuar fracture of normal rats & streptozotocin - induced diabetic rats. Author used 120 rats (Sprague - Dawley Strain) dividing into controf (60) & experimental group (60) of normal & diabetic rats. Complete fracture was produced on the left mandibular body of 120 rats, rendered hyperbaric oxygen therapy (2 hrs, daily at 2.5 atm) on experimental group and observed effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy microscopically. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The experimental group of HBO in normal rats had the good effect until 6th week, especially the better effect at 3rd week, because of decrease of inflammatory cell infiltration, heavy proliferation of fibroblast & capillary and active callus formation. 2. The hyperbaric oxygen therapy in mandibular fracture of diabetic rats influenced especially on the healing process at 5th week, because there were much decrease of inflammatory cell infiltrations, heavy proliferation of fibroblast, capillary, osteoblasts, moderate fibrous callus formation, osteocastic activity and mild bony callus formation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.155-161
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• 2007

In order to characterize the role of sympathetic activity in obesity, we repeatedly assessed sympathetic activity via power spectral analyses of heart rate variability in the same subjects at 7, 11, 25, and 60 weeks, using monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced obese and control rats. The effects of lower sympathetic activity on obesity were also evaluated. Fat mass in MSG rats was already higher at 7 weeks, but the sympathetic activity did not differ between 7 and 25 weeks. Between 25 and 60 weeks, the increase in fat mass, food efficiency, and body weight gain was higher in MSG rats. The increase in sympathetic activity between 25 and 60 weeks and sympathetic activity at 60 weeks were lower in MSG rats. Fat mass at 60 weeks was inversely correlated with changes in sympathetic activity between 25 and 60 weeks. Reduced plasma epinephrine levels by bilateral adrenal demedullation induced increase of fat mass. In, an attenuated increase of sympathetic activity with age may partly be responsible for aggravated obesity in MSG rats. Additionally, reduced sympathetic activity per se induced obesity in rats. These results suggest that lower sympathetic activity contributes to obesity in rats.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.4 s.147
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• pp.324-330
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Artemisia Princeps Var. Orientalis (AP) on serum lipids and the collagen content of the connective tissues in ovariectomized rats. From day 2 until day 37 after the ovariectomy, Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham-operated rats (Sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), and ovariectomized rats supplemented with the AP 50 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-AP). The AP ethanol extracts were orally administrated 1 mL per day. The OVX rats were significantly heavier than the sham-operated rats at all time points, but supplementation with the AP extracts tended to gain weight less than OVX-control. Although total-cholesterol was increased at OVX-control, supplementation with the AP extracts tended to result in less than OVX-control. Triglyceride was significantly decreased after supplemented with the AP extracts (p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol is appeared higher AP extracts group than OVX-control. According to the results, we could know the fact that AP extracts were effective on serum lipids content throughout decreasing total-cholesterol, triglyceride and increasing HDL-cholesterol in ovariectomized rats. Supplementation with the AP extracts prevented a decrease in the collagen level in bone and cartilage tissues. These results are consistent with the conclusions based on the estrogenic activities of AP. Therefore, it may be used to possibly improve the quality of life in menopausal women.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 2008

Cirsium japonicum water extracts has been used to treat vascular related diseases. We have previously reported that Cirsium japonicum extracts activated estrogen receptors. It is widely known that estrogen increases the high density lipoprotein cholesterol and decrease the low density lipoprotein cholesterol on the lipid profile. But effects of Cirsium japonicum on lipid profile are not reported yet. Therefore, we have studied the effects of Cirsium japonicum on the lipid content in ovariectomized rats. Thirty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of $210{\pm}20\;g$ were studied for 10 weeks. The rats were divided into five groups; (I) sham, no ovariectomized rats plus olive oil, (II) ovariectomized rats plus olive oil, (III) ovariectomized rats plus 0.5 mg/kg $17{\beta}$-estradiol (E2) in olive oil, (IV) ovariectomized rats plus 0.5 mg/kg Cirsium japonicum in olive oil, and (V) ovariectomized rats plus 5 mg/kg Cirsium japonicum in olive oil. Treatment with Cirsium japonicum or E2 induced significant reduction in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol/total cholesterol, total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to control group as well as increase in uterine weight. However, changes in triglycerides levels were different. Our results suggest that Cirsium japonicum is functionally similar to E2 in vivo as well as in vitro.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 1999

The reproductive effect of $Telazol^{\circledR}$ was studied in pregnant rats. Two different doses (20 or 40 mg/kg/day) were injected on days one of 3, 5 or 8 of pregnancy and 3 consecutive days of 3~5 or 5~7 in pregnant rats. On days 8 or 21, the rats were anesthetized, the cesarean section was performed, the uterus was carefully examined, and the numbers of corpora lutea, implantation sites and viable fetuses, fetal and placental weights and pre-and post-implantation losses in rats were surveyed. Simultaneously the concentrations of sodium and potassium of the plasma, uterine and amniotic fluids were determined. And gestation period in pregnant rats, postnatal offspring survival and body weight gains were evaluated. Administration of $Telazol^{\circledR}$ did not exert a bad influence upon body weight gains in pregnant rats. Reproductive indices were normal. The concentrations of sodium and potassium of the plasma, uterine and amniotic fluids in pregnant rats remained unchanged. Gestation period of rats, postnatal offspring survival and body weight gains were normal. It is concluded that $Telazol^{\circledR}$ is devoided of significant adverse reproductive effects in pregnant rats.