• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ratio of gather

Search Result 46, Processing Time 0.019 seconds

The dental status of foreign workers in the pocheon city and the analysis of their oral health behavior (포천시 외국인 근로자의 구강건강행태와 치과진료 이용실태)

  • Choi, Eun-Mi;Song, Yun-Sin
    • Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
    • /
    • v.12 no.1
    • /
    • pp.135-143
    • /
    • 2012
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study on the oral health behavior of foreign workers and dental care in the community is to identify actual oral health conditions of immigrated labors, to promote their oral health and to gather basic data providing them with proper oral health services Methods : Based on previous studies, The researchers wrote their own surveys in English, in Vietnamnese, in Tagalogue, in Thai. Making questions on the paper to 114 foreign workers in Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do were surveyed. Using the program SPSS 17.0 for Windows, the collected data were analyzed. The frequency analysis, the chi-square analysis and the correlation analysis was performed to recognize their relevance between the oral health status and the actual oral care and the subjective perception of oral health. Results : General characteristics of the foreign workers is the overwhelming majority of male demographic 78.9%. By age, 20-29 years of age accounted for 50%, and duration of stay in the city is less than 3-5 years to 68.4%, It was most common. The percentage going to the dentist when teeth hurt is although 56 percent. But the ratio to endure the pain without going to the dentist, was 44%. The main reason to not go to the dentist was the time 55.2% and cost 11.9%. A mere 9.6% of respondents knew about the free dental care and used. 67.5% of them was not aware of the free dental care agency, 59.6% were keen to use the free care. However, 40.4% did not want a free dental care because they did not have the time(26.3%), the distance is far away(3.5%), and difficulties in communication(3.5%) and the other(66.7%). Conclusions : The major percentage of the other reason(66.7%) why they did not want to go to free dental service, must be specifically identified. For the activation of free dental services, the active support of central and local governments is needed. By focusing on health-related departments of the University in the community, it is necessary to operate the program of the oral health care for foreign workers.

A Comparative Study on Elementary School Science Curriculum and Textbooks between South and North Korea (남.북한 초등학교 자연과 교육과정 및 교과서 비교 연구)

  • Choi, Don-Hyung;Lee, Yang-Rak;Kim, Jae-Young;Noh, Suk-Goo
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
    • /
    • v.18 no.1
    • /
    • pp.43-60
    • /
    • 1998
  • The purpose of this study is to compare and analyse the elementary school science curriculum and textbooks of South and North Korea, then gather the fundamental sources for the establishment of elementary school science curriculum after Unification of Korea by clarifying the difference and the likeness in educational objectives, contents, teaching methods of both Korean elementary school sciences. Based on this comparison and analysis, this study tried to give the concrete suggestions for the elementary school science curriculum and textbook development after Unification. For this, analyses were carried out for the curriculum managing systems, subject organization, education goal, emphasis on each field, teaching-learning and evaluation method. Besides, this study compared and analysed the elementary school science textbook development and distribution system, apparent format, content organization, ratio of content categories, content scope and level and the related terms appeared in both Korean elementary school science textbooks. The result of this study showed a lot of differences in the educational objectives, contents, and educational method of the elementary school science between South and North Korea. The grasping of these differences and the exact understanding about what causes these differences and how the differences are made must be the necessary work for the science curriculum establishment, especially for elementary school science curriculum and textbook development, after Unification.

  • PDF

A Survey on the Proportional Reasoning Ability of Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Graders (5, 6, 7학년 학생들의 비례추론 능력 실태 조사)

  • Ahn, Suk-Hyun;Pang, Jeong-Suk
    • Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
    • /
    • v.18 no.1
    • /
    • pp.103-121
    • /
    • 2008
  • The primary purpose of this study was to gather knowledge about $5^{th},\;6^{th},\;and\;7^{th}$ graders' proportional reasoning ability by investigating their reactions and use of strategies when encounting proportional or nonproportional problems, and then to raise issues concerning instructional methods related to proportion. A descriptive study through pencil-and-paper tests was conducted. The tests consisted of 12 questions, which included 8 proportional questions and 4 nonproportional questions. The following conclusions were drawn from the results obtained in this study. First, for a deeper understanding of the ratio, textbooks should treat numerical comparison problems and qualitative prediction and comparison problems together with missing-value problems. Second, when solving missing-value problems, students correctly answered direct-proportion questions but failed to correctly answer inverse-proportion questions. This result highlights the need for a more intensive curriculum to handle inverse-proportion. In particular, students need to experience inverse-relationships more often. Third, qualitative reasoning tends to be a more general norm than quantitative reasoning. Moreover, the former could be the cornerstone of proportional reasoning, and for this reason, qualitative reasoning should be emphasized before proportional reasoning. Forth, when dealing with nonproportional problems about 34% of students made proportional errors because they focused on numerical structure instead of comprehending the overall relationship. In order to overcome such errors, qualitative reasoning should be emphasized. Before solving proportional problems, students must be enriched by experiences that include dealing with direct and inverse proportion problems as well as nonproportional situational problems. This will result in the ability to accurately recognize a proportional situation.

  • PDF

Box-Wilson Experimental Design-based Optimal Design Method of High Strength Self Compacting Concrete (Box-willson 실험계획법 기반 고강도 자기충전형 콘크리트의 최적설계방법)

  • Do, Jeong-Yun;Kim, Doo-Kie
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
    • /
    • v.19 no.5
    • /
    • pp.92-103
    • /
    • 2015
  • Box-Wilson experimental design method, known as central composite design, is the design of any information-gathering exercises where variation is present. This method was devised to gather as much data as possible in spite of the low design cost. This method was employed to model the effect of mixing factors on several performances of 60 MPa high strength self compacting concrete and to numerically calculate the optimal mix proportion. The nonlinear relations between factors and responses of HSSCC were approximated in the form of second order polynomial equation. In order to characterize five performances like compressive strength, passing ability, segregation resistance, manufacturing cost and density depending on five factors like water-binder ratio, cement content, fine aggregate percentage, fly ash content and superplasticizer content, the experiments were made at the total 52 experimental points composed of 32 factorial points, 10 axial points and 10 center points. The study results showed that Box-Wilson experimental design was really effective in designing the experiments and analyzing the relation between factor and response.

The Analysis of Spectral characteristics of Water Quality Factors Uisng Airborne MSS Data (Airborne MSS 자료를 이용한 수질인자의 분광특성 분석)

  • Dong-Ho Jang;Gi-Ho Jo;Kwang-Hoon Chi
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
    • /
    • v.14 no.3
    • /
    • pp.296-306
    • /
    • 1998
  • Airborne MSS data is regarded as a potentially effective data source for the measurement of water quality and for the environmental change of water bodies. In this study, we measured the radiance reflectance by using multi-spectral image of low resolution camera(LRC) which will be reached in the multi-purpose satellite(KOMPSAT) to use the data in analyzing water pollution. We also investigated the possibility of extraction of water quality factors in water bodies by using high resolution remote sensing data such as Airborne MSS. Especially, we tried to extract environmental factors related with eutrophication such as chlorophyll-a, suspended sediments and turbidity, and also tried to develop the process technique and the radiance feature of reflectance related with eutrophication. Although it was difficult to explicitly correlate Airborne MSS data with water quality factors due to the insufficient number of ground truth data. The results were summarized as follows: First, the spectrum of sun's rays which reaches the surface of the earth was consistent with visible bands of 0.4${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$~0.7${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and about 50% of total quantity of radiation could be found. The spectrum was reached highest at around 0.5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of green spectral band in visible bands. Second, as a result of the radiance reflectance Chlorophyll-a represented high mainly around 0.52${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of green spectral band, and suspended sediments and turbidity represented high at 0.8${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and at 0.57${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, respectively. Finally, as a result of the water quality analysis by using Airborne MSS, Chlorophyll-a could have a distribution image after carrying out ratio of B3 and B5 to B7. Band 7 was useful for making the distribution image of suspended sediments. When we carried out PCA, suspended sediments and turbidity had distributions at PC 1 and PC 4 which are similar to the ground data. Above results can be changed according to the change of season and time. Therefore, in order to analyze the environmental factors of water quality by using LRC data more exactly, we need to investigate the ground data and the radiance feature of reflectance of water bodies constantly. For further studies, we will constantly analyze the radiance feature of the surface of water in wafter bodies by measuring the on-the-spot radiance reflectance and using low resolution satellite image(SeaWiFS). We will also gather the data of water quality analysis in water bodies and analyze the pattern of water pollution.

Changes in Aquatic Insect Community Structure in Wonju Stream based on a Comparison of Previous Studies (과거 문헌 비교를 통한 원주천 수서곤충 군집구조 변화)

  • Han, Jung Soo;Choi, Jun Kil;Won, Kyung Ho;Lee, Hwang Goo
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
    • /
    • v.36 no.3
    • /
    • pp.400-411
    • /
    • 2018
  • This study was a survey of the Wonju stream in Wonju city from May 2015 to September 2016. A total of three sites were selected from the upstream area Gwanseol-dong to the downstream area Hojeo-myeon. Physicochemical analysis, aquatic insect changes, cluster analysis, functional group analysis, rarefaction curve, and statistical analysis were compared between 2004 and 2016. A total of 19 species (38.78%) in 2004 and 22 species (36.67%) in 2016 were analyzed, with the largest number belonging to ephemeroptera. The individual ratio ranged from 27,759.2 (ind. $m^{-2}$, 84.30%) in 2004 to 4,573.2 (ind. $m^{-2}$, 41.64%) in 2016, with the highest number involving diptera. As a result of the community analysis, significant differences were detected in the indices of dominance, diversity, evenness, and richness in 2004 and 2016 (p<0.05). Burrowers of the habitat orientation groups showed the greatest variation with an average of -68.00% (${\pm}2.15$) and the collector-gatherers of the functional feeding groups showed the highest variation of -40.12% (${\pm}1.77$). The rarefaction curve analysis suggested that the species was the poorest in the midstream regions in 2004 and 2016. Physical factors and water quality showed a significant correlation with diversity index, evenness index, and the number of individuals. MDS analysis of the similarity of upstream and downstream regions was high in 2004, and low in 2016. The differences were attributed to physicochemical changes such as increase in flow velocity due to improvement of small dams and changes in bottom structure.