• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1933-1941
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• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate quality characteristics of cured pork loin with natural nitrite source from Swiss chard. Methods: Pork loin was cured in brine and the ratio of water and fermented Swiss chard (FSC) solution in the brine was changed by 4:0 (control), 3:1 (T1), 1:1 (T2), 1:3 (T3), 0:4 (T4), and pickled samples with 0.012% sodium nitrite (PC, positive control) and nitrite free brine (NC, negative control) were considered as the control. Results: The pH values of cured pork loins with FSC were decreased with increasing addition level of FSC. Cooking loss was not significantly different among all treatments. T4 had the lowest value in moisture content and lightness value and the highest value in curing efficiency. The redness value of T4 was not significantly different from that of PC in raw. After cooking, however, it was higher than that of PC. The yellowness value of cured pork loin added with FSC was increased with increasing level of FSC. Volatile basic nitrogen content of cured pork loin added with FSC was higher than PC and NC. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance value of cured pork loin added with FSC was decreased with increasing FSC level. Residual nitrite level and shear force were increased with increasing FSC level. In the sensory evaluation, sensory score for flavor, off-flavor, chewiness, juiciness, and overall acceptability were not significantly different among all treatments. However, sensory score for color was increased when the concentration of FSC added to pork loin was increased. Conclusion: The FSC solution had a positive effect on redness and lipid oxidation. As shown by the results in protein deterioration and sensory, Swiss chard can replace sodium nitrite as natural curing agent.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제22권4호통권94호
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• pp.477-487
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• 2006

The quality characteristics of dough and French breads containing dietary fibers, which were resistant starches (RS3 and RS4 types) and commercial non-starch polysaccharides (cellulose, pectin and chitosan), were investigated. The pH of the dough containing all dietary fiber except pectin was greater than that of control and was increased with increasing addition level. There was no correlation between pH and the expansion ratio of dough. As the level of added dietary fibers became high, the bread baking loss decreased, and the order of specific bread volume was 5% cellulose < 5% pectin < control bread, with no significant difference in specific volume. When a high level of dietary fibers was added to wheat flour, a complex phase appeared due to the formation between the network structure of additives and wheat gluten, and starch granules were heavily masted by the increased development of gluten-network matrix after the first fermentation like a wide spread net. Comparing the colorimetric changes of breads with the same added ratio (10%) of dietary fibers, the cellulose and RS4 addition breads had lower levels and the pectin-added bread had the highest value in the redness, while the chitosan-added bread had the highest value in the yellowness. Breads with a high level of dietary fibers showed increased hardness, gumminess, and brittleness and decreased springiness and cohesiveness. By sensory data, breads with 5% NSP and 10% RS addition showed high overall acceptability, with higher sensory RS score, compared to NSP addition. In conclusion, it was suggested that bread with lower than 10% RS or 5% NSP addition based on the amount of wheat flour, was acceptable with no considerable change in preference/overall quality and processing in bread-making.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2004

늙은 호박분말을 첨가한 기능성 식빵을 개발하기 위해 밀가루(강력분)에 100 mesh체로 분리한 늙은 호박분말을 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%의 비율로 혼합하여 식빵을 제조한 후 이화학적, 물리적 특성을 조사하였다. 늙은 호박분말의 일반성분은 수분 6.47%, 조회분 5.49%, 조단백질 9.38%의 비율이었고, 늙은 호박분말을 첨가한 식빵의 수분함량은 42.22∼44.39% 수준으로 호박분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 수분활성도(0.528∼0.576) 역시 높아지는 경향이었다. 비용적은 늙은 호박분말의 첨가량이 1%에서 8%로 증가함에 따라 비용적은 감소하였으나, 중량은 증가하는 경향이었다. 또한, 보수력은 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향이었다. 기계적 색도 중 명도 L값과 적색도 a값이 늙은 호박분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 그 값이 감소하였고, 황색도인 b값은 무첨가군 ＋12.65보다 호박분말 첨가군이 ＋29.44∼＋45.58로 매우 높은 값을 나타내었다. 기계적 조직감 중 굳기는 호박분말의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 무첨가군에 보다 단단하였고, 호박분말 8% 첨가군이 561g으로 무첨가군 248g보다 단단하였다. 관능평가에서는 색은 4% 호박분말첨가군이 3.91로, 단맛은 4%와 8% 호박분말첨가군이 각각 4.55로 조직감은 무첨가군과 1% 호박분말첨가군에서 각각 3.36으로, 전체적인 기호도의 경우는 4% 호박분말첨가군이 3.64로 가장 높은 관능점수를 얻었다. 따라서, 위의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 식빵의 제조에 있어 늙은 호박분말의 첨가량은 4%으로 수준으로 첨가함이 호박분말 특유의 색과 맛을 가미한 새로운 호박분말이 적절하게 첨가된 식빵을 제조할 수 있으리라 생각된다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.152-160
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensory characteristics of brown sauce made with different ratios of Jubak. In the brown sauce made from Jubak, the followings showed changes according to the amount of Jubak. The content of crude lipid increased, that of crude protein and moisture decreased, and that of crude ash and reduced sugar increased. Brown sauce made from Jubak contained more reduced sugar than general brown sauce, and the content of reduced sugar increased. pH increased from initial pH 4.32 to 5.42 respectively, and viscosity increased. The "L" value expressing brightness of samples had a tendency to increase with Jubak added. "a" value had a tendency to increase in case of no Jubak added, and "b" value had a tendency to decrease according to the amount of Jubak. In the sensory evaluation, color and flavor decreased and viscosity increased with the amount of Jubak. Overall, it was the highest in 0% Jubak. From the above results, an addition of 25% Jubak to brown sauce is recommended for commercial use.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.789-795
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• 2002

개정된 콘크리트 표준시방서에 허용된 양의 염화물 이온 및 제염되지 않은 해사를 잔골재로 사용할 경우 콘크리트 배합시 혼입될 염화물 이온의 거동과 고정화율을 평가하기 위해 시멘트 페이스트 내 세공용액을 추출하여 분석한 실험을 통해 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 1 재령에 따른 세공용액 내 염화물 이온 농도는 수화 진행에 따라 수화생성물에 흡착되는 염화물량의 증가로 재령이 증가하면서 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 세공용액 내 측정 염화물량을 고정화되지 않은 염화물로 보고 혼합수의 농도와 비교할 경우 재령 49일의 고정화율은 64~90%였다. 2. 증발수량으로 측정한 세공용액량을 기준으로 시멘트 내 염화물 고정화율을 산정한 결과 염화물 혼입량이 시멘트 중량의 0.046~0.16%로 비교적 적은 PI~P3의 경우 염화물 고정화율이 91.8~93.5%에 이르나 염화물 혼입량이 시멘트 중량의 0.3% 인 P4의 경우 89.1 %로 낮아지며, 시멘트 중량에 대해 0.617%의 염화물이 혼입된 PS는 혼입된 염화물 중 77%만이 고정화되었다. 3. 시멘트 중량에 대한 염화물 고정화율은 혼입량에 따라 0.015~0.475%로 나타났다. 이 중 시멘트 중량에 대해 0.091% 이상의 염화물 이온이 혼입될 경우 염화물 혼입량이 2배씩 증가함에도 염화물 고정화량은 1.7~l.8배 증가하고 있어 시멘트 중량에 대한 고정화율도 혼입량이 증가할수록 낮아졌다. 4. 염화물 혼입량이 증가함에 따라 염화물의 고정화율은 증가하지만 고정화되지 못하고 세공용액 중에 남아있는 염화물의 절대량도 크게 증가하였다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.401-407
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• 2012

Baked black soybean has great nutritional value, so it is a great potential ingredient in cake. To find an acceptable ingredient ratio, baked black soybean powder was to wheat flour in different experimental groups. The control was pure wheat flour, and the experimental groups had 0 (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% baked black soybean powder added. The baked black soybean powder consists of moisture (4.88%), crude protein (34.46%), crude fat (11.35%), crude ash (4.84%), and carbohydrates (44.47%). The specific gravity, spreadability, and baking loss increased with an increase in the amount of baked black soybean powder, but specific volume decreased. The 'L' and 'b' chromaticity values of a sponge cake decrease with increased amounts of added baked black soybean powder. The texture becomes more hard and stuff with added baked black soybean powder, but springiness decreases. A sensory test found the best experimental group to be that of 20% powder added.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.810-819
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to produce muffins with added dukeum ramie leaf powder and to compare them to a control. We used two different optimal composition ratios to produce muffins. The physical and sensory characters were varied by changing the ratio of dukeum ramie leaf powder, butter, and sugar to identify a critical value using response surface regression analysis. The ranges for the added dukeum ramie leaf powder, sugar, and butter were 15-35, 60-100, and 60-100 g, respectively. Muffins with added dukeum ramie leaves had comparable mineral and antioxidant vitamin compositions to those of dried ramie leaves. Muffins with added dukeum ramie leaf powder satisfied the suitability of the model, showing a p-value within 5% of significance level (p<0.05) for every aspect Volume and height differed without any association to ingredients. Lightness increased when less dukeum ramie leaf powder was added with more butter and sugar, redness increased when more dukeum ramie leaf powder and sugar were added with 70-80 g of butter, whereas yellowness increased when less dukeum ramie powder was added. Texture and toughness increased when less dukeum ramie leaf powder was added. The degree of gumminess and chewiness depended hugely on the amount of sugar. Cohesiveness, decreased with more dukeum ramie leaf powder and butter, whereas hardness increased with a medium range of ingredients. Sensory character increased with less dukeum ramie powder, and overall quality increased with more butter and sugar, but depended on the amount of added dukeum ramie power. The critical values from the sensory characteristics showed that 27 g of dukeum ramie powder, 72 g of sugar, and 86 g of butter was optimum.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.571-580
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to assess the optimum coating ratio for rice, using various ratios of mulberry leaves extract, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%, and to determine the optimum ratio of added water, in proportion to the total weight of mulberry rice. The moisture content of the soaked rice, and the optimum water uptake rate, moisture content of the cooked rice, as well as its blue and color values, mechanical characteristics, internal structure and sensory evaluation, were analyzed. The statistical data analyses were completed using the SAS program. The results are summarized as follows: The moisture content of mulberry rice was less than that of raw rice. The average optimum water uptake of the soaked mulberry rice at the different water temperatures, 10, 20 and 30, was 20% of the total weight of the raw mulberry rice. As for the results of the sensory evaluation,; 140% water, in proportion to the total weight of raw mulberry rice, was judged to be the optimum. The average moisture content of the cooked mulberry rice was 45∼50%, but there was no significant difference in the various coating ratios. The blue value of the cooked mulberry rice awas highest on the first day of cooking. The L- and a-values decreased with increasing coating ratio, but the b-value increased under the same conditions. As for the mechanical characteristics,; the adhesiveness, hardness and springiness decreased during 2 days of storage. The internal structure of the mulberry rice, observed by SEM, showed a close structure on increasing the coating ratios of mulberry leaves extracts. It was concluded that the optimum coating ratio of mulberry rice and ratio of added water for cooking wereas 1.5 and 140%, respectively, in proportion to the total weight of raw mulberry rice.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2010

This study was preformed to make high quality fish cake made with silver pomfret, which is one of the savory, soft and delicious fishes by adding wasabi powder (WP). WP as natural additives was added to the ratio of 0.6%, 1.2%, 1.8%, 2.4%, 3%, a color values, texture, folding test, sensory evaluation, peroxide value, TBA value, and viable cell count were analyzed. L and a value were decreased significantly by the increase of the ratio of WP. However, b value was increased. In the folding test to show the flexibility of fish cake, it was measured AA in the all samples. As the result of measuring texture, hardness was increased significantly by the addition of WP, cohesiveness was the highest in 1.8 WP and 0.6 WP, Springiness showed no significant difference among samples. However gumminess and chewiness of fish cake adding wasabi powder were significantly higher comparing with control group. In sensory evaluation, 1.8 WP had the best score in overall acceptability. Fish cakes had lower peroxide value, TBA value and viable cell count after frying compared to the one without WP. These results indicate that fish cake could be prepared by adding the WP for high quality and functionality. Consequently, wasabi can be applied as a food preservative or additive in fish cake.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2020

인공지능, IoT 등의 4차 산업의 등장으로 정보화는 가속화됨에 따라 정보보호 산업의 중요성과 시장의 규모가 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 증가하는 정보보호 산업이 국내 경제에 미치는 영향을 산업연관표를 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 논문에서는 산업부문을 정보보호 제품산업과 정보보호 서비스 산업을 분류한 후에, 35개의 산업으로 산업연관표를 재분류하였고, 생산유발계수, 부가가치유발계수, 고용유발계수 등을 산출하였다. 정보보안 제품산업과 정보보안 서비스 산업의 생산유발계수는 각각 1.571, 1.802이고, 부가가치유발계수는 각각 0.632, 0.997이고, 고용유발계수는 각각 2.494, 7.361이다. 정보보호 서비스 산업의 부가가치유발계수만이 전체 산업보다 다소 높고, 나머지 유발계수는 모두 전체 산업보다 낮게 나타났다. 그리고 정보보호 제품산업에는 전·후방연쇄효과가 없고, 정보보호 서비스 산업에는 후방연쇄효과는 없으나 전방연쇄효과는 있는 것으로 나타났다. 정보보호 산업의 경제적 파급효과를 분석한 결과, 생산유발액은 359.9조원, 부가가치유발액은 164.8조원에 달하고, 803천명의 고용을 유발하는 것으로 나타났다.