• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제11C권7호
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• pp.1009-1022
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• 2004

스무딩은 가변 비트율의 비디오 데이터를 고정 비트율로 변환하는 전송 계획이다. 이를 위한 스무딩 알고리즘에는 CBA, MCBA, MVBA, PCRTT, e-PCRTT등이 있으며, PCRTT 알고리즘을 개선한 e-PCRTT 알고리즘에서는 전송률 변화 횟수사 주어지고 런의 크기가 일정하다. 이는 불필요한 전송률의 변화를 필요로 하고, 또한 버퍼 크기가 작은 경우에는 QoS를 보장하지 못할 수 도 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 e-PCRTT 알고리즘의 단점을 해결하기 위해 전송률 변화 횟수에 대한 제한이 없고, 런의 크기가 가변적인 스무딩 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안 알고리즘의 성능은 e-PCRTT 알고리즘을 포함한 다른 알고리즘들과 전송률 변화 횟수, QoS를 유지하기 위한 버퍼 크기 등과 같은 다양한 평가 요소들로 비교하여 우수함을 보였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.315-321
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• 1999

Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres containing ovalbumin (OVA) as a model protein drug were prepared by double emulsification method, and various conditions such as mixing rate, volume of outer phase and isopropyl alcohol concentration in outer phase during secondary emulsification were observed to control the size of microspheres. In addition, entrapment efficiency of OVA and protein denaturation were also evaluated. As the rate of stirring was increased, the size of particles was decreased. But excessive stirring increased the particle size of microspheres. In a preparation condition of small volume of outer phase, the particle size was decreased but the entrapment efficiency was increased. Adding isopropyl alcohol to outer phase decreased the size of particles, but increased the entrapment efficiency. Microparticles should have smaller size than $10\;{\mu}m$ to be uptaked by Peyer's patch in small intestine. High speed of mixing and relatively small volume of outer phase are needed to reduce the size. In addition, appropriate amount of isopropyl alcohol in outer phase also plays an important role in size reduction of PLGA microspheres.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.80-88
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• 2003

The pumping efficiency of small size tube wells was investigated in the rural area. The pumping characteristic curve is constructed to estimate the pumping rate of small size tube wells for irrigation. The pumping rates from the characteristic curve highl

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.219-232
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• 1995

대구지역 중 고등학교 학생들의 학교 책상과 의자의 표준 호수 사용 여부와 그에 따른 신체적 자각 증상 호소율을 조사하기 위하여 1995년 3월 20일에서 4월 19일 사이에 대구지역내에 소재한 남.여, 중 고등학교 전학년 학생 1,201명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 중 고등학교 학생들이 사용하는 책상과 의자는 표준 호수보다 1~3호 정도 높은 것이 대부분이었으며, 희망 호수 역시 조금 높은 것을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 표준 호수를 사용하고 있는 학생은 책상 30.5%, 의자 21.0%였고. 표준호수보다 큰 호수를 사용하고 있는 경우는 책상 61.3%, 의자65.2% 였으며 표준 호수 보다 작은 경우는 각각 8.2%, 13.8%였다. 중학교의 표준 호수 사용율은 책상 44.1%, 의자 26.8%로 고등학교의 16.1% 및 14.7%보다 높았고, 남학생은 책상 31.5%, 의자 24.5%로 여학생의 29.6% 및 17.6%보다 높았다. 공립학교의 표준 호수 사용율은 책상 34.2%, 의자 24.5%로 사립학교의 27.1%, 및 17.5%보다 높은 편이지만 양군 모두 표준호수 사용율은 낮았다. 책상 사용시 가장 불편한 점으로는 낡았다, 서랍이 좁다, 낮다, 면이 고르지 않다의 순이었고. 의자 사용시 가장 불편한 점은 의자면이 딱딱하다, 등받이가 딱딱하다, 낡았다, 낮다, 높다, 면이 좁다의 순이었다. 책상 및 의자의 사용으로 인한 신체부위별 통증 호소율은 중학교 남.여학생에선 목 어깨 호소율이 각각 32.2%, 36.0%로 가장 높았고, 고등학교 남.여학생은 허리 호소율이 각각 37.9%, 44.1%로 가장 높았다. 신장이 증가할수록 허리 통증 호소율이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 목 어깨 통중은 전반적으로 높게 호소했다. 책상 및 의자를 표준 호수로 사용활 경우 목 어깨 통증 호소율은 각각 25.4% 및 23.8%인데 비해 표준 호수보다 큰 책상이나 의자를 사용하는 경우는 각각 31.5% 및 31.8%로 호소율이 높았으며, 작은 경우 역시 26.5% 및 28.9%로 높았다. 표준 호수 보다 크거나 작은 책상 및 의자를 사용하는 경우에 비해 표준 호수를 사용할 경우 허리통증 호소율이 모두 낮았다. 대구지역 중 고등학교 학생들의 책상 및 의자의 표준 호수 사용율은 매우 낮았으며, 사용하는 책상과 의자 호수가 자신이 희망하는 호수와 많은 차이를 보이고 있으며, 이에 따른 신체 부위별 통증 호소율은 비교적 높게 나타났다. 따라서 학생들의 체격조건을 고려하여 책상과 의자를 구입, 배분하는데 최대한의 배려를 하여야 할 것이며, 표준호수와 선호도를 반영한 다양한 호수의 잉여책상과 의자의 보유비율을 높여야 할 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2000

This study was carried out to set a standard of damage compensation by researching state of damage due to noises in laying and prelaying hens. Recently, there are many damage cases in chicken farms near construction site that were caused by noises of construction. Therefore disputes and complaints about economical loss have increased ceaselessly. But we have few research and report such a thing. The result have shown that the weight loss rate was ranged from 9.48% to 23.2% and mortality of laying period of hens was higher than prelaying period. Pathological findings were fatty liver, congestion and hemorrhage of intestine, erosion of proventriculus and gizzard in order of case frequency. And these signs in hens of laying period was more serious than prelaying period. Half-life rate of antibody titers against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis in sound stressed hens was no different compared with non-stressed hens. Egg production rate dropped from 38% to 45% according to strength of noises. Before being stressed, hens produced special, large, middle, small-size eggs in the order. But after being stressed, their egg Production rate of middle, small-size Increased while egg production rate of special, large-size decreased. Production rate of soft and broken shell eggs was 0.015% in the stressed flocks higher than 0.005% in the non-stressed flocks.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.564-573
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• 2001

The mechanical properties of short carbon/glass fiber reinforced polypropylene are experimentally measured as functions of fiber content and nozzle diameter. Also, these properties are compared with the survival rate of reinforced fibers and fiber volume fraction using image analysis after pyrolytic decomposition. The survival rate of fiber aspect ratio as well as fiber volume fraction is influenced by injection processing condition, the used materials and mold conditions such as diameter of nozzle, etc. In this study, the survival rate of fiber aspect ratio is investigated by nozzle size variations in injection/mold sides. It is found that the survival rate of glass fiber is higher that the survival rate of glass fiber is higher than that of carbon fiber. Both tensile modulus and strength of short-fiber reinforced polypropylene are improved s the fiber volume fraction and nozzle diameter are increased.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2003

The patency rates of small diameter vascular grafts are disappointing because of the formation of thrombus and intimal hyperplasia. Among the various factors influencing the success of graft surgery, the compliance and the size of a graft are believed to be the most important physical properties of a vascular graft. Mismatch of compliance and size between an artery and a graft alters anastomotic flow characteristics, which may affect the formation of intimal hyperplasia. Among the hemodynamic factors influencing the development of intimal hyperplasia, the wall shear stress is suspected as the most important one. The wall shear stress distributions are experimentally measured near the end-to-end anastomosis models in order to clarify the effects of compliance and diameter mismatch on the hemodynamics near the anastomosis. The effects of radial wall motion, diameter mismatch and impedance phase angle on the wall shear rate distributions near the anastomosis are considered. Compliance mismatch generates both different radial wall motion and instantaneous diameter mismatch between the arterial portion and the graft portion during a flow cycle. Mismatch in diameter seems to be affecting the wall shear rate distribution more significantly compared to radial wall motion. The impedance phase angle also affects the wall shear rate distribution.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.261-267
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• 1992

The reproductive performance of SPF ICR mice under single paired mating were examined to get reproductive background data and to establish single paired rotational mating system. The results obtained were as follows : average litter size was 15.4$\pm$2.0 heads ; average weaning rate was 95.7$\pm$4.9% ; sex ratio(male/female) was 1.09$\pm$0.26 ; aveage delivery interval was 23.0$\pm$2.4 days. It was given the largest litter size at the age of 121~150 days and in 2nd~4th parities, but at the age of under 90 days and in 1st parity weaning rate and delivery interval were higher and shorter than those of the other ages and parities, respectively. In sex ratio, the number of male litters was slightly increased from that of female litters. The weaning rate of litters from dams which nuresed 12 litters was the highest among those of different litter sizes, and it was decreased dependent upon increment of litter size. There were no difference among 4 groups for reproductive performance, therefore the present study could have important sources for animal breeders who produce mice using the single paired rotational mating system.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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• pp.250-253
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• 2000

We researched effects of growth on initial inoculum size, liquid volume, and medium feeding rate etc. Cell suspension inoculated at low cell concentrations showed a typical growth reduction, whereas root cultures showed an improvement in growth. In this paper, Hairy roots showed high growth rate at 0.4 % inoculum size and 100 mL liquid volume in 250 mL flask cultures.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.807-823
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• 2018

Speaker verification system performance depends on the utterance of each speaker. To verify the speaker, important information has to be captured from the utterance. Nowadays under the constraints of limited data, speaker verification has become a challenging task. The testing and training data are in terms of few seconds in limited data. The feature vectors extracted from single frame size and rate (SFSR) analysis is not sufficient for training and testing speakers in speaker verification. This leads to poor speaker modeling during training and may not provide good decision during testing. The problem is to be resolved by increasing feature vectors of training and testing data to the same duration. For that we are using multiple frame size (MFS), multiple frame rate (MFR), and multiple frame size and rate (MFSR) analysis techniques for speaker verification under limited data condition. These analysis techniques relatively extract more feature vector during training and testing and develop improved modeling and testing for limited data. To demonstrate this we have used mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and linear prediction cepstral coefficients (LPCC) as feature. Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and GMM-universal background model (GMM-UBM) are used for modeling the speaker. The database used is NIST-2003. The experimental results indicate that, improved performance of MFS, MFR, and MFSR analysis radically better compared with SFSR analysis. The experimental results show that LPCC based MFSR analysis perform better compared to other analysis techniques and feature extraction techniques.