• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

Purpose: Disorders of organic acid metabolism have various clinical manifestations and it may be life-threatening. The prognoses of affected children are dependent on early diagnosis and treatment. We report this study to find out detection rate of referred samples, clinical manifestations and age distribution after introduction of neonatal screening test using tandem mass spectrometry in Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital during 8 years and 9 months. Methods: The 2,794 patients referred from Jan. 2007 to Sep. 2015 were divided into four groups according to age. We conducted organic acid analysis of urine samples of patients and analyzed clinical manifestations and distributions of age at the diagnosis. For patients with ambiguous results, reanalysis of urine organic acid after diet restriction, protein loading and restriction, has been done. Results: A total of 626 patients with 20 disorders were diagnosed. Mitochondrial disorders (482 patients) were the most common diagnosis, followed by ketolytic defects (67), 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria (32), EPEMA syndrome (8), 3-methylcrotonyl glycinuria (7), glutaric aciduria type II (6) and type I (4), methylmalonic aciduria (3), isovaleric aciduria (3) and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (3). Conclusion: As neonatal screening test using tandem mass spectrometry is increasingly common and medical environment is changed, detection rate of disorders of organic acid metabolism in this study has decreased compared to previous report. Because the deterioration can be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment, many pediatricians have to pay special attention to possibility of the disorders and make an effort for early diagnosis in clinical setting.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.4279-4295
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• 1977

Two types of model were established in order to product the soil moisture content by which information on irrigation could be obtained. Model-I was to represent the soil moisture depletion and was established based on the concept of water balance in a given soil profile. Model-II was a mathematical model derived from the analysis of soil moisture variation curves which were drawn from the observed data. In establishing the Model-I, the method and procedure to estimate parameters for the determination of the variables such as evapotranspirations, effective rainfalls, and drainage amounts were discussed. Empirical equations representing soil moisture variation curves were derived from the observed data as the Model-II. The procedure for forecasting timing and amounts of irrigation under the given soil moisture content was discussed. The established models were checked by comparing the observed data with those predicted by the model. Obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. As a water balance model of a given soil profile, the soil moisture depletion D, could be represented as the equation(2). 2. Among the various empirical formulae for potential evapotranspiration (Etp), Penman's formula was best fit to the data observed with the evaporation pans and tanks in Suweon area. High degree of positive correlation between Penman's predicted data and observed data with a large evaporation pan was confirmed. and the regression enquation was Y=0.7436X+17.2918, where Y represents evaporation rate from large evaporation pan, in mm/10days, and X represents potential evapotranspiration rate estimated by use of Penman's formula. 3. Evapotranspiration, Et, could be estimated from the potential evapotranspiration, Etp, by introducing the consumptive use coefficient, Kc, which was repre sensed by the following relationship: Kc=Kco$.$Ka＋Ks‥‥‥(Eq. 6) where Kco : crop coefficient Ka : coefficient depending on the soil moisture content Ks : correction coefficient a. Crop coefficient. Kco. Crop coefficients of barley, bean, and wheat for each growth stage were found to be dependent on the crop. b. Coefficient depending on the soil moisture content, Ka. The values of Ka for clay loam, sandy loam, and loamy sand revealed a similar tendency to those of Pierce type. c. Correction coefficent, Ks. Following relationships were established to estimate Ks values: Ks=Kc-Kco$.$Ka, where Ks=0 if Kc,=Kco$.$K0$\geq$1.0, otherwise Ks=1-Kco$.$Ka 4. Effective rainfall, Re, was estimated by using following relationships : Re=D, if R-D$\geq$0, otherwise, Re=R 5. The difference between rainfall, R, and the soil moisture depletion D, was taken as drainage amount, Wd. {{{{D= SUM from { {i }=1} to n (Et-Re-I+Wd)}}}} if Wd=0, otherwise, {{{{D= SUM from { {i }=tf} to n (Et-Re-I+Wd)}}}} where tf=2∼3 days. 6. The curves and their corresponding empirical equations for the variation of soil moisture depending on the soil types, soil depths are shown on Fig. 8 (a,b.c,d). The general mathematical model on soil moisture variation depending on seasons, weather, and soil types were as follow: {{{{SMC= SUM ( { C}_{i }Exp( { - lambda }_{i } { t}_{i } )+ { Re}_{i } - { Excess}_{i } )}}}} where SMC : soil moisture content C : constant depending on an initial soil moisture content $\lambda$ : constant depending on season t : time Re : effective rainfall Excess : drainage and excess soil moisture other than drainage. The values of $\lambda$ are shown on Table 1. 7. The timing and amount of irrigation could be predicted by the equation (9-a) and (9-b,c), respectively. 8. Under the given conditions, the model for scheduling irrigation was completed. Fig. 9 show computer flow charts of the model. a. To estimate a potential evapotranspiration, Penman's equation was used if a complete observed meteorological data were available, and Jensen-Haise's equation was used if a forecasted meteorological data were available, However none of the observed or forecasted data were available, the equation (15) was used. b. As an input time data, a crop carlender was used, which was made based on the time when the growth stage of the crop shows it's maximum effective leaf coverage. 9. For the purpose of validation of the models, observed data of soil moiture content under various conditions from May, 1975 to July, 1975 were compared to the data predicted by Model-I and Model-II. Model-I shows the relative error of 4.6 to 14.3 percent which is an acceptable range of error in view of engineering purpose. Model-II shows 3 to 16.7 percent of relative error which is a little larger than the one from the Model-I. 10. Comparing two models, the followings are concluded: Model-I established on the theoretical background can predict with a satisfiable reliability far practical use provided that forecasted meteorological data are available. On the other hand, Model-II was superior to Model-I in it's simplicity, but it needs long period and wide scope of observed data to predict acceptable soil moisture content. Further studies are needed on the Model-II to make it acceptable in practical use.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2016

Drought caused by global climate change is one of serious problems for rice cultivation. However, it was little reported the impact of drought on rice cultivation in Korea. In here, to assess impact of drought on rice varieties in Korean climate condition, growth characteristics and yield components of rice were compared on irrigated and partially irrigated rice paddy field. First, we have chosen 11 rice varieties including 'Saeilmi' and 'Shindongjin' which are widely cultivated in Korea. For partially irrigated rice paddy treatment, we have withheld irrigation from 25 days after transplanting and water supply was totally dependent on rainfall for rice cultivation. When we examined early plant height and tiller number of these varieties on partially irrigated rice paddy were reduced 1.6% to 18.4% and 10.4% to 33.1%, respectively, and these reduction rate were highly correlated with yield loss in our experimental conditions. Among rice yield components, panicle number was decreased 10.5% to 30.1% according to rice varieties and reduced panicle number was highly correlated with yield loss. Grain number per panicle, grain filling rate and 1,000 seeds weight did not have correlation with yield loss of rice varieties. These result means that growth stage, especially the tillering stage, is seriously affected by drought on rice cultivation in Korea. And we suggest that 'Saeilmi', 'Ilmi' and 'Ilpum' are good for rice cultivation on drought prone rice field in Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1662-1666
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• 2010

Growth and other biological processes in aquatic organisms are particularly dependent on water temperatures. This study examined the effects of water temperature on the growth of Triops longicaudatus. The influence of water temperature fluctuations was that growth rate was increased at higher temperatures. The mean carapace length was 5.7 (${\pm}2.1$) mm in a water temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ and 7.5 (${\pm}0.5$) mm in a water temperature of $28^{\circ}C$ on the 14th day after submergence. It was 6.9 (${\pm}2.8$) mm in a water temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ and 7.8 (${\pm}2.0$) mm in a water temperature of $28^{\circ}C$ on the 21st day after submergence. The mean carapace length grew rapidly within 14 days after submergence, but increase in carapace length beyond this time was slow. The influence of water depth fluctuations was low as the mean carapace length was 9.3 (${\pm}2.1$) mm under a water depth of 80 mm and 9.5 (${\pm}1.3$) mm under a water depth of 190 mm on the 19th day after submergence. Biomass showed that the carapace length of 5, 10, 16 and 20 mm was a dry-weight of 1.1 (${\pm}0.3$), 18.0 (${\pm}3.7$), 26.0 (${\pm}0.0$) and 52.3 (${\pm}4.0$) mg respectively. The number of eggs increased rapidly with increments in carapace length. The mean number of eggs was 20 (${\pm}0.0$) at a carapace length of 7.0 mm, but at a carapace length of 17.0 mm, the mean number of eggs was 560 (${\pm}0.0$). The results suggested that differences in water temperature accounted for the differences in length of the carapace and the number of eggs.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.289-293
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• 2017

Ethanol extract of garlic peels (GPE) was investigated for its antiproliferative effects on human cancer cell lines. Human lung cancer cell line A549 treated with $500{\mu}g/mL$ GPE resulted in the growth inhibition of A549 by 90%. In stomach cancer cell AGS proliferation inhibition activity, GPE showed 45% and 71% inhibition of AGS growth at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ and $2,000{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. GPE inhibited the growth of the breast cancer cells MCF-7 effectively at low concentration and showed 78% and 90% inhibitions of MCF-7 growth at $200{\mu}g/mL$ and $500{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. GPE showed very significant antiproliferation effect on liver cancer cell line Hep3B and inhibited Hep3B cell growth by 57% at $100{\mu}g/mL$, and the inhibition's rate increased up to 87% at $500{\mu}g/mL$. Antiproliferation effect of GPE on colorectal cancer cell HT-29 showed 15% reduction of HT-29 cell growth at $200{\mu}g/mL$ and the growth rate was reduced in a dose dependent manner up to $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. These results indicated that GPE had high antiproliferation effects on breast and liver cancer cell lines at low concentrations ($200{\mu}g/mL$), and by higher concentrations over $500{\mu}g/mL$, GPE inhibited the growth of A549 and HT-29. The results of our study suggested the potential use of garlic peels for use as an excellent antiproliferative substance for human cancer cells.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.554-562
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• 2003

Xylitol has been used as sugar substitute to prevent dental caries. It is not fermented by most dental plaque bacteria and interferes with the growth of mutans streptococci. Therefore the production of acidic metabolites and the growth of mutans streptococci are inhibited. S. mutans strains which are inhibited to grow under the presence of xylitol are referred as xylitol-sensitive ($X^S$) strains. However, experimental and clinical studies have shown that there were mutated groups of S. mutans strains that are not affected by xylitol. They are referred as xylitol-resistant($X^R$) strains. The aim of the present study was to investigate that emergence of $X^R$ strain would effect on the anticariogenecity of xylitol by comparing the growth rate, the extracellular pH, hydroxyapatite adhesion and the agglutination of the $X^R/X^S$ strains. Overall we came out with following results : 1. No difference in the growth rate and the extracellular pH was found between the $X^S$ strain and the $X^R$ strain. 2. No difference in adhesion to hydroxyapatite surface was found between the $X^R$ strain and the $X^S$ strain (p>0.05) and adhesion of the $X^S$ strain was greater than that of $X^R$ strain in the sucrose-dependent adhesion to hydroxyapatite (p<0.05). 3. The $X^R$ strain was agglutinated in the lower concentration of saliva than that of $X^S$ strains.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.410-419
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• 1996

Background : Spontaneous pneumothorax have been managed with a variety of methods. The technique most frequently used is chest tube drainage. Small caliber catheters were first used in the management of pneumothorax complicating the percutaneous needle aspiration lung biopsy, and the try to treat spontaneous pneumothorax also has been reported. However, the value of small caliber catheters in spontaneous pneumothorax has not been fully evaluated. So, we tried to elucidate the efficacy of 8 French catheter in the management of spontaneous pneumothorax. Method : From January, 1990, to April, 1994, 44 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax treated at Chung-Ang university hospital were reviewed. The patients were sub-divide into 8 French catheter insertion group (n=21) and chest tube insertion group (n=23). We compared the presence of underlying lung disease, the extent of the collapse, the duration of indwelling catheter and complication between two groups. Results : 1) The duration of indwelling showed no significant difference between 8 French catheter group and chest tube. But, complication after insertion as subcutaneous emphysema was developed in only chest tube group. (p<0.05) 2) In the primary spontaneous pneumothorax, all case of the pneumothorax of which size was less than 50% showed complete healing with 8 French catheter insertion. Whereas the success rate in patients with large pneumothorax (more than 50%) was tended to be dependent on the age. 3) In the patients with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax who were managed with 8 French catheter, the success rate was trended to be high if the underlying disease of pneumothorax was not COPD and if the patient was young. Conclusion : These results show that 8 French catheter insertion probably was effective in the pneumothorax less than 50%, the primary spontaneous pneumothorax, young age or secondary pneumothorax not associated with COPD.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2018

The succulent plants of Echeveria genus are in increasing demand worldwide, but it is difficult to supply good quality young plants throughout the year because propagation efficiencies are depend on cultivar and environmental factors. This study was carried out to investigate the propagation efficiencies of leaf cutting in Echeveria cultivars at different LED light qualities in a closed-type plant factory system. Leaf cuttings cut from stock plants of six difficult-to-propagated cultivars 'Afterglow (AG)', 'Berkeley Light (BL)', 'Mason (MS)', 'Subsessilis Light (SL)', 'Cream Tea (CT)', and 'Ben Badis (BB)' were put into cutting media in the plant factory system maintained at a temperature of $24{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of $60{\pm}10%$, and watered with over-head irrigation twice a week. Cuttings were irradiated with sole or mixed red (R, 660 nm), blue (B, 450 nm), green (G, 530 nm), and far-red (FR, 730 nm) LEDs as follows: R10, R8+B2, R5+B5, R7+B2+FR1, and R7+B2+G1. PPFD just above the cuttings was $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and photoperiod was 16/8 (light/dark) hours. As a result, propagation efficiencies were dependent on cultivar. Rooting and shooting were relatively easy in 'SL' but shoot formation in 'AG' was very difficult. Light qualities from LEDs also affected plant regeneration. Light conditions with a higher ratio of B, R5+B5, R7+B2+FR1, and R7+B2+G1, promoted shoot formation and growth but inhibited rooting and root growth. R10 and R8+B2 with a higher ratio of R promoted rooting and root growth and inhibited shoot formation and growth of cuttings. In addition, the treatment with FR increased leaf size and biomass of the all plants. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the optimum compositions of LED light quality for the improvement of leaf cutting efficiency in difficultto-propagated Echeveria cultivars.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.431-438
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• 2012

The developmental time of the nymphs of Myzus persicae was studied in the laboratory (six constant temperatures from 15 to $30^{\circ}C$ with 50~60% RH, and a photoperiod of 14L:10D) and in a green-pepper plastic house. Mortality of M. persicae in laboratory was high in the first(6.7~13.3%) and second instar nymphs(6.7%) at low temperatures and high in the third (17.8%) and fourth instar nymphs(17.8%) at high temperatures. Mortality was 66.7% at $33^{\circ}C$ in laboratory and $26.7^{\circ}C$ in plastic house. The total developmental time was the longest at $14.6^{\circ}C$ (14.4 days) and shortest at $26.7^{\circ}C$ (6.0 days) in plastic house. The lower threshold temperature of the total nymphal stage was $3.0^{\circ}C$ in laboratory. The thermal constant required for nymphal stage was 111.1DD. The relationship between developmental rate and temperature was fitted nonlinear model by Logan-6 which has the lowest value on Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). The distribution of completion of each developmental stage was well described by the 3-parameter Weibull function ($r^2=0.95{\sim}0.97$). This model accurately described the predicted and observed occurrences. Thus the model is considered to be good for use in predicting the optimal spray time for Myzus persicae.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.421-429
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• 2012

The developmental time period of Aphis gossypii was studied in laboratory (six constant temperatures from 15 to $30^{\circ}C$ with 50~60% RH, and a photoperiod of 14L:10D) and in a cucumber plastic house. The mortality of A. gossypii in the laboratory was high in the 2nd (20.0%) and 3rd stage(13.3%) at low temperature but high in the 3rd (26.7%) and 4th stage (33.3%) at high temperatures. Mortality in the plastic house was high in the 1st and 2nd stage but there was no mortality in the 4th stage at low temperature. The total developmental period was longest at $15^{\circ}C$ (12.2 days) in the laboratory and shortest at $28.5^{\circ}C$ (4.09 days) in the plastic house. The lower threshold temperature at the total nymphal stage was $6.8^{\circ}C$ in laboratory. The thermal constant required to reach the total nymphal stage was 111.1DD. The relationship between the developmental rate and temperature fit the nonlinear model of Logan-6 which has the lowest value for the Akaike information criterion(AIC) and Bayesian information criterion(BIC). The distribution of completion of each development stage was well described by the 3-parameter Weibull function ($r^2=0.89{\sim}0.96$). This model accurately described the predicted and observed outcomes. Thus it is considered that the model can be used for predicting the optimal spray time for Aphis gossypii.