• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1141-1151
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• 1998

An effective thermal conductivity measurement for suspensions of microparticles in oil mixture is conducted in order to evaluate the shear rate-dependence of the thermal conductivity of suspensions. Measurements are made for rotating Couette flows between two concentric cylinders. The rotating outer cylinder is immersed into a constant temperature water bath while the stationary inner cylinder is subject to a uniform heat fluff. Test fluids are made to be homogeneous suspensions, in which neutrally buoyant microparticles ($d=25{\sim}300{\mu}m$) are uniformly dispersed. The present measurements show strong shear-rate dependent thermal conductivities for the suspensions, which are higher than those at zero shear rate. The shear rate dependent thermal conductivity increases with the particle size and volume concentration.4 new model for shear rate-dependent thermal conductivity of microparticle suspensions is proposed; the correlation covers from zero shear rate value to asymptotic plateau value at moderately high shear rates.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

The aim of the current study is to identify the dimerization and decomposition kinetics of the F-$D_M$ type. The regeneration of F-VS from $F_iF_j-D_M$ or the reversibility of the dimerizations were investigated. The order of real rate constants of the dimerization('$K_D{^{ij}}$) would seem to be similar to that of rate constants of a dimerization($K_D{^{ij}}$) for VS dyes at a given pH because of the constancy of the equilibrium constants($K_a{^j}$-value). The reverse reactions of the $D_M$ types are appeared to occur in two steps, the deprotonation of ${\alpha}$-carbon of the $D_M$ types and disproportionation. The ratio of the decomposition of the $D_M$ type to F-Hy and F-VS appears to be related with the ratio of $K_i/K_j$. Similarities were also found among various other reactions, including homo- and mixed dimerization. VS dyes undergoing fast hydrolysis have difficulty in forming a dimer. The higher the reactivity with cellulose or hydroxide ion, the smaller the dimerization. The easiness of the dimerization was thus found to be inversely proportional to the rate of hydrolysis.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.679-685
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• 1998

The Soysauce wastewater removal characteristics of submerged biofilters filled with two filter media respectively were experimentally examined with constant temperature, pH value and variable BOD loading and recirculation ratio. The decreasing order of BOD removal is Netring(random plastic media), cubic wire meshes(plastic module). This is mainly due to the media characteristics such as void ratio, specific surface area and media shapes. The BOD removal ratio decreases with increasing $BOD_5$/ volumetric loading rate, and the loading rate for the BOD removal over 85% is lower than 1.5kg$BOD_5$ 5/$m^3$d for the plastic media of Netring and cubic wire meshes. The $BOD_5$ removal rate increases with the recirculation ratio, but the rate of increase become smaller as the recirculation ratio increases over 20. When $BOD_5$ volumetric loading is 1.5kg$BOD_5$/$m^3$d, the required recirculation ratio to obtain 85% BOD$_{5}$ removal is about 20 for Netring and it was about 30 for cubic wire meshes.s.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 1988

$[^3H]$ Quinuclidinyl benzilate(QNB) binding assays were performed in the dog ventricular sarcolemma fraction enriched approx. 32-fold in sarcolemma compared to the starting homogenate to elucidate the effect of antihistaminics on cardiac muscarinic receptor. Chlorpheniramine(CHP) inhibited specific binding of $[^3H]$QNB and delayed the equilibrium binding. The rate constants at $37^{\circ}C$ for formation and dissociation of the QNB receptor complex were $0.38{\times}10^9\;M^{-1}$ and $1.6{\times}10^{-2}\;min^{-1}$, respectively. The mean value for the dissociation constant from the pairs of the rate constants was 43. 2 pM and this value was similar to the value(44.8pM) determined from Scatchard analysis. CHP decreased association rate constant, indicating increase in $K_D$ value. Decrease in affinity without affecting the binding site concentration$(B_{max})$ for $[^3H]$QNB binding by CHP was also demonstrated by Scatchard analysis. $K_i$ values for $H_i$-blockers that inhibited specific $[^3H]$QNB binding were $0.02{\sim}4.8{\mu}M$. Cimetidine with $K_i$ value of $230{\mu}M$, however, was ineffective in displacing $[^3H]$QNB binding at concentration of $50{\mu}M$. The Hill coefficient for $H_1$-blockers were about one. The results indicate that $H_1$-antihistaminics inhibit $[^3H]$ QNB binding by interaction with myocardiac muscarinic cholinergic receptor and anticholinergic side effects of these drugs are mainly due to this receptor blocking mechanism.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.799-801
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• 1990

Of the several methods proposed for decreasing toxicity of Paralytic shellfish poison(PSP) from intoxicated shellfish, heat treatment has been most popular, although a large percentage of the incidents of PSP illness have been related to the ingestion of cooked shellfish. The purpose of this study was to determine the kinetics of PSP destruction at various temperatures. The homogenate of intoxicated blue mussel(Mytilus edulis) was heated at temperature ranging from $90\;to\;121^{\circ}C$ and toxicities measured in samples heated for various time intervals. The rate constant(k) per second was $3{\times}10^{-4},\;at\;90^{\circ}C,\;4.98{\times}10^{-4},\;at\;100^{\circ}C,\;7.38{\times}10^{-4},\;at\;116^{\circ}C,\;and\;8.38{\times}10^{-4},\;at\;121^{\circ}C,\;$. By the Arrhenius equation, the decimal reduction time(D-value) was $121min.\;at\;90^{\circ}C,\;82min,\;at\;100^{\circ}C,\;58min.\;at\;116^{\circ}C\;and\;53min.\;at\;121^{\circ}C$. The z-value, activation energy($E_a\;and\;Q_{10}$) was $72^{\circ}C,\;3.9{\times}10^7(J/kg\;mol)$ and 1.39, respectively.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.229-237
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• 2017

In this paper we propose an auto tonal detection method which exploits short term stationary when targets located in a detection beam area and then additional methods are proposed in order to reduce the computational complexity of the proposed method. The proposed method is adaptive to input signals and robust against interference caused by multiple targets because it compares an expected value of input signals with a threshold value which are estimated from a single beam while signals are keep stationary. The performances of the proposed methods are evaluated using by simulated data and acquired data from real ocean. The proposed method has shown better performance than conventional CFAR (Constant False Alarm Rate) methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.170-177
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• 2014

This study was conducted to know the behavior of pH behavior in the tomato juices to find out an effective medium for microbial cultivation. Bacterial culture media is a material consist a mixture of nutrients used to grow microorganisms on or in it. In addition, microbial culture media can also be used for isolation, propagation, testing the nature physiological, and calculation of the number of microorganisms. Fresh tomato juice is used for basic ingredient, therein added salt, sugar and EM (Effective Microbial). The fermented solution placed in a room with a temperature of 40oC. Data retrieval before the pH value reached a constant value is done every 12 hours, after constant rate data collection was done every 24 hours. The pH value has been steady after 372 hours of fermentation process (15.5 days). From the results obtained that the amount of additional ingredient which added into tomato juice does not affect final pH value of solution. Thereby the most effective treatment for microbial cultivation media is treatment number four.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.17-28
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• 2002

Recently, the study on non-linear equalization, self-recovering equalization using the neural Network structure or Fuzzy logic, is lively in progress. In this thesis, if the value of error difference is large, coefficient adaptation rate is bigger, and if being small, it is smaller. We proposed the new FSG(Fuzzy Stochastic Gradient)/CMA algorithm combining TS(Tagaki-Sugeno) fuzzy model having fast convergence rate and low mean square error(MSE) and CMA(Constant Modulus Algorithm) which is prone to ISI and insensitive to phase alteration. As a simulation result of the designed channel adaptive equalizer using the proposed FSG/CMA algorithm, it is shown that SNR is improved about 3.5dB comparing to the conventional algorithm. 

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.249-256
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• 1983

When the reaction rate constant k of phospholipase D on liposome was measured by the ANS fluorometry, k of phospholipase D on DMPC liposome which was made of L-$\alpha$-PI, cholesterol and L-$\alpha$-PS decreased than that of phospholipase D on DMPC liposome with cholesterol or with PI and cholesterol. Optimal $Ca^{2+}$ concentration, the most important factor on effect of phospholipase D, also decreased to 1mM, as compared with 10mM and 60mM respectively when cholesterol and PI were added, and cholesterol only was added. The change of cholesterol Mol% had a great influence on k value of phospholipase D. But in case of addition of L-$\alpha$-PS to cholesterol, the influence was relatively diminished.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 2007

Experimental evidence suggests that spin pinning conditions for standing spin mode in polycrystalline $Ni_{84}Fe_{16}$ alloy film, is confirmed using the four categories of Camley et al. and the value of q$\bot$ for the pinning conditions, this was achieved by performing Brillouin light scattering measurements. The value of q$\bot$ was observed, in order to increase at a rate of $\pi$/2 with an increasing mode number. With this condition, the coexistence of standing spin wave modes was shown, with intermediate pinning, in addition to free and strong pinning. The values for spin-wave-stiffness constant ($D_B$), g-factor (g), and surface magnetization (4$\pi$M) of the Permalloy film were obtained from the results of BLS, and determined to be $D_B=1.85{\pm}0.05Oecm^2$, $g=2.11{\pm}0.02$, and 4$\pi$M=8.7 kG, respectively.