• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2002

Taurine has a neuroprotective action from oxidative stress in neural cell. In the present study, we studied taurine transport under basal and stressed conditions in conditionally immortalized rat brain capillary endothelial cell line (TR-BBB13) in vitro. The uptake of[$^3{H}$]taurine in the TR-BBB13 was increased by time-dependently and dependent on both Na$^{+}$ and Cl/ sup -/. Furthermore, $\beta$-alanine strongly inhibited the uptake of [TEX>$^3{H}$]taurine in the TR-BBB13. To study the effcts of oxidative stress on taurine transport, we used diethyl maleate (DEM) and lipopolysccharide (LPS). Diethyl maleate (DEM, $300\Mu\textrm{M}$) significantly reduced uptake of [TEX>$^3{H}$]taurine by time-dependently until 8 hr exposure in TR-BBB 13. But, the [TEX>$^3{H}$]taurine uptake was not changed by lipopolysccharide (LPS, 10 ng/ml) in TR-BBB13.3.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.156-160
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• 1993

A chicken H2B histone gene was cloned and expressed in Rat 3 cell line. Its messenger RNA level was about 10 times higher during S phase than during $G_1$ phase. A chimeric chicken-yeast-chicken H2B histone gene was made to change some of wobble sequences of chicken H2B gene. When the chimeric H2B gene was transfected into the Rat 3 cell line, it showed a pattern of expression similar to that of the original chicken H2B gene. At least in this gene, it was concluded that the wobble sequences were not required for the cell-cycle regulated pattern of expression.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.831-836
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• 2015

Tumor fluid accumulation occurs in both human cancer and experimental tumor models. Solid tumors show a tendency to tumor fluid accumulation because of their anatomical and physiological features and this may be influenced by molecular factors. Fluid accumulation in the peri-tumor area also occurs in the Dunning model of rat prostate cancer as the tumor grows. In this study, the effects of tumor fluids that were obtained from Dunning prostate tumor-bearing Copenhagen rats on the strongly metastatic MAT-LyLu cell line were investigatedby examining the cell's migration and tumor fluid's toxicity and the kinetic parameters such as cell proliferation, mitotic index, and labelling index. In this research, tumor fluids were obtained from rats injected with $2{\times}10^5$ MAT-LyLu cells and treated with saline solution, and 200 nM tetrodotoxin (TTX), highly specific sodium channel blocker was used. Sterilized tumor fluids were added to medium of MAT-LyLu cells with the proportion of 20% in vitro. Consequently, it was demonstrated that Dunning rat prostate tumor fluid significantly inhibited proliferation (up to 50%), mitotic index, and labeling index of MAT-LyLu cells (up to 75%) (p<0.05) but stimulated the motility of the cells in vitro.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1249-1253
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• 2006

The fractions of Capsosiphon fulvescens were studied to verify the anticancer and immunostimulating activity. The fractions from the ethanol extract of C. fulvescens were prepared by the systematic extraction procedure with the solvents such as hexane, ethyl ether, methanol, butanol and H$_2$O. The cytotoxic effects of C. fulvescens fractions against human leukemia cell line U937, mouse neuroblastoma cell line (NB41A3), human hepatoma cell line (HepG2)and rat glioma cell line (C6) were investigated. Ethyl ether fraction of C. fulvescens showed the highest cytotoxicity against all four cell lines tested. In addition, H$_2$O fraction also showed relatively high cytotoxicity. Dose dependent patterns were observed on all four cell lines. The immune-stimulating effects of C. fulvescens fractions on rat macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) were also investigated. All five fractions of C. fulvescens extract stimulated NO production with concentration dependant manner. These results suggest that C. fulvescens may be a useful candidate for a natural antitumor and immune-stimulating agent.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.92-97
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• 2013

The calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is considered one of the major contributors for vascular disease. Phosphate is known as the inducer for VSMC calcification. In this study, we assessed whether phosphate affected cell viability and fetuin-A, a calcification inhibitor protein, both which are related to VSMC calcification. Also, VSMC viability by zinc level was assessed. The results showed that phosphate increased Ca and P deposition in VSMCs (A7r5 cell line, rat aorta origin). This phosphate-induced Ca and P deposition was consistent with the decreased A7r5 cell viability (P<0.05), which implies phosphate-induced calcification in A7r5 cells might be due to the decreased VSMC cell viability. As phosphate increased, the protein expression of fetuin-A protein was up-regulated. A7r5 cell viability decreased as the addition of cellular zinc level was decreased (P<0.05). The results suggested that zinc deficiency causes the decreased cell viability and it would be the future study to clarify how zinc does act for VSMC cell viability. The results suggest that the decreased VSMC viability by high P or low Zn in VSMCs may be the risk factor for vascular disease.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.245-250
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• 1992

This study was performed to demonstrate the presence of large granular lymphocyte(LGL) in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats and morphologically observe NK cell and also establish the method of isolation of natural killer cell in SD rats. By percoll discontinuous density gradients centrifugation, highly enriched LGL population were shown to fraction 2(border line between 44.2% and 50.8%). LGL were shown to bind selectively to YAC1 mouse lymphoma cell. This fraction expressed very high NK cell cytolysis. Therefore, we thought that LGL have NK activity in SD rats. The Morphology of rat LGL is very similar to that of human LGL. These cells have an eccentric kidney-shaped nucleus. Their most distinctive feature was their cytoplasmic azurophilic granules. Another distinguishing feature of rat LGL was their high cytoplasmic : nuclear ratio. It was concluded that LGL played a role part in mediating natural killer activity in this species.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.199.2-200
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• 2003

Choline is an important membrane phospholipid constituent and a neurotransmitter precursor that is minimally synthesized in brain. The long-term maintenance of brain choline concentration is dependent on choline transport from plasma, which occurs via saturable transport system at the blood-brain barrier. In the present study, we examined to elucidate the characteristics of transport of cationic amines, especially choline which is one of cationic amines, to BBS using conditionally immortalized rat brain capillary endothelial cell line (TR-BBB) in vitro. (omitted)

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.224-229
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• 2003

We have investigated the transport characteristics of synthetic antioxidant and free radical scavenger, $\alpha$-phenyl-n-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by in vitro uptake study in conditionally immortalized rat brain capillary endothelial cell line (TR-BBB). Also, the efflux of PBN from brain to blood is estimated using the brain efflux index (BEI) method. Choline is a charged organic cation, including nitrogen-methyl group and shows the carrier-mediated distribution to the brain. [$^3$H]Choline uptake by TR-BBB cells was significantly inhibited by PBN with $IC_{50}$/ of 1.2 mM, which appears to be due to similar structures between choline and PBN. And, PBN was microinjected into Par2 of the rat brain by BEI method, and was eliminated from the brain with an apparent elimination half-life of about 2 min. Also, [$^3$H]choline efflux was significantly inhibited by PBN using BEI method. In conclusion, the efflux transport of PBN takes place across the BBB and PBN may be transported into the brain and eliminated from the brain by BBB choline transporter.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2024

Bortezomib (BTZ) is a proteasome inhibitor used to treat multiple myeloma (MM). However, the induction of peripheral neuropathy is one of the major concerns in using BTZ to treat MM. In the current study, we have explored the effects of BTZ (0.01-5 nM) on rat neural stem cells (NSCs). BTZ (5 nM) induced cell death; however, the percentage of neurons was increased in the presence of mitogens. BTZ reduced the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2 associated X protein ratio in proliferating NSCs and differentiated cells. Inhibition of βIII-tubulin (TUBB3) degradation was observed, but not inhibition of glial fibrillary acidic protein degradation, and a potential PEST sequence was solely found in TUBB3. In the presence of growth factors, BTZ increased cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) transcription, BDNF expression, and Tubb3 transcription in NSCs. However, in the neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, BTZ (1-20 nM) only increased cell death without increasing CREB phosphorylation, Bdnf transcription, or TUBB3 induction. These results suggest that although BTZ induces cell death, it activates neurogenic signals and induces neurogenesis in NSCs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.75-75
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• 2003

Silica has been known to be a factor in acute cell injury and chronic pulmonary fibrosis. In Rat2 fibroblasts, silica induced the activation of NFkB, which plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of many genes involved in the subsequent inflammatory response. In addition, we observed that TAK1 and NIK were involved in silica-mediated NF-kB activation in Rat2 cells. (omitted)