• 암석학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2018

옥천변성대의 북서부에 위치하는 충주 어래산지역은 신원생대 계명산층과 중생대 화성암류가 분포하고, 계명산층 내에 희토류 광화대가 보고된 바가 있다. 이 논문에서는 희토류 광체의 기원암과 그 분포 및 특성을 파악하기 위해 암상구분에 의한 상세한 지질도를 작성하고, 구성암류의 방사능 값을 측정하였다. 그 결과 신원생대 계명산층의 주요 암상은 변성이질암, 화강암질편마암, 함철규암, 변성심성산성암(호상형, 세립형, 함염기성형, 조립형), 변성화산산성암 등으로 구성되어 있고, 이를 관입하는 중생대 화성암류는 페그마타이트, 흑운모화강암, 반려암, 섬록암, 염기성 암맥 등으로 구분된다. 계명산층의 구성암류는 주로 동북동 방향의 대상분포를 보이고, 함염기성형 변성심성산성암의 분포는 이전 연구자에 의해 작성된 희토류 광체의 분포와 매우 유사하다. 그리고 중생대 흑운모화강암은 기존 연구결과와 달리 어래산지역의 전역에 광범위하게 분포한다. 또한 함염기성형 변성심성산성암은 연구지역의 구성암류 중에 가장 높은 방사능 값의 범위(852~1217 cps)와 평균값(1039 cps)을 보인다. 노두별 방사능 값의 최대 밀도를 보이는 분포영역은 또한 함염기성형 변성심성산성암의 분포 영역과 일치한다. 이는 함염기성형 변성심성산성암이 희토류 광체의 기원암일 가능성을 지시한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.619-624
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• 2013

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) exists in a more common sporadic form and less common hereditary forms, associated with the Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and other rare syndromes. Sporadic CRC is believed to arise as a result of close interaction between environmental factors, including dietary and lifestyle habits, and genetic predisposition factors. In contrast, hereditary forms such as those related to the Lynch syndrome result from inheritance of germline mutations of mismatch repair (MMR) genes. However, in certain cases, the influence of low penetrance alleles in familial colorectal cancer susceptibility is also undeniable. Aim: To investigate the genotype frequencies of MLH1 promoter polymorphism -93G>A and to determine whether it could play any role in modulating familial and sporadic CRC susceptibility risk. Methods: A case-control study comprising of 104 histopathologically confirmed CRC patients as cases (52 sporadic CRC and 52 Lynch syndrome patients) and 104 normal healthy individuals as controls was undertaken. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and the polymorphism was genotyped employing PCR-RFLP methods. The genotypes were categorized into homozygous wild type, heterozygous and homozygous variants. The risk association between these polymorphisms and CRC susceptibility risk was calculated using binary logistic regression analysis and deriving odds ratios (ORs). Results: When risk association was investigated for all CRC patients as a single group, the heterozygous (G/A) genotype showed a significantly higher risk for CRC susceptibility with an OR of 2.273, (95%CI: 1.133-4.558 and p-value=0.021). When analyzed specifically for the 2 types of CRC, the heterozygous (G/A) genotype showed significantly higher risk for sporadic CRC susceptibility with and OR of 3.714, (95%CI: 1.416-9.740 and p-value=0.008). Despite high OR value was observed for Lynch syndrome (OR: 1.600, 95%CI: 0.715-3.581), the risk was not statistically significant (P=0.253). Conclusion: Our results suggest an influence of MLH1 promoter polymorphism -93G>A in modulating susceptibility risk in Malaysian CRC patients, especially those with sporadic disease.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.209-222
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• 1997

The Hoenam area, up the Taecheong lake, composed mainly of low grade coal-bearing metapelites within the Ogcheon Supergroup. These coal formations are developed discontinuously several hundred meters and swelling from 10 to 300 cm along the host metapelites. Although the formations have been mined for coal, but already mined out, and the formations were higher content (mean value of 42 samples) of environmental toxic elements as As (13 ppm). Ba (1.81 wt. %), Cd (2 ppm), Cr (188 ppm), Cu (87 ppm), Mo (214 ppm), Pb (25 ppm), Sb (3 ppm), Se (12 ppm), U (55 ppm), V (2124 ppm) and Zn (234 ppm) than the host metapelites and the NASC. The Al, Ti, Mg, K and Na contents in stream sediments derived from the Hando and Bugook mine area were highly concentrations than the samples from the Samseongjeil mine area. The mean value (wt. %) of Fe (10.07), Mn (0.15), Ca (0.84), P (0.18) and Ba (0.77) influenced by the Samseongjeil mine were higher than the other mine drainage sediments. The mean content (ppm) of environmental toxic elements in drainage sediments from the Samseongjeil mine were taken As (2083), Cu (447), Mo (202), Ni (720), Pb (42), U (250), V (1070) and Zn (2632), which are extremely high concentrations against NASC and EPA. Characteristics of elemental behavior and dispersion of the all toxic elements are the same as increased with increasing U, V, and Cu. Rare earth elements in the sediments are enriched with LREE (La, Ce and Nd) from the drainage on strong concentration of toxic elements. The pH of stream water is neutral, but pH of the sediments ranged from 4.92 to 6.93 (mean 6.22), those are slightly acid in the Hando mine area. Major elements in the host rocks at the Hoenam area are mostly depleted especially Ca, excepting Ti and Ba, normalized with NASC. The sediments were highly enriched of Ti, Fe, Mg, Mn and Ba, but depleted of Al, K, Ca, Na and P on the basis of host rocks and NASC. Minor and environmental toxic elements in the host rocks were strongly enriched all elements (As, Cd, Mo, Se, D, V and Zn), excepting Co, Ni and Sr. Enrichment index (mean value) about toxic elements (As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn) of the sediments in this area have taken 41.35 (Hando mine drainage; 2.73, Samseongjeil mine drainage; 113.14 and Bugook mine drainage; 8.19), those are seriously contaminated by environmental toxic elements.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2010

由于生产的全球化以及国家之间的文化交流, 东方元素越来越吸引世界的眼球. 在时装界, 一个时装设计师的文化背景往往可以催生新颖的设计理念, 使他卓尔不群. 人们对于东方元素的喜爱, 给传统时装市场带来了巨大的商机, 并且把基于文化的业务拓展到全球时装市场. 然而, 包含韩国传统文化的国际品牌还有待开发. 为了发展有韩国特色的国际品牌, 韩国人首先要在国内服装市场上认同本国文化, 然后才能进军国外市场. 便服非常适合采纳韩国元素, 因为这种衣服有很多用途, 很容易被广泛接受和使用. 而且, 多用途便服和时尚内衣的市场需求越来越大. 尽管便服市场在快速发展, 但是对便服的专门研究尚不多见, 目前在对发展中的现代化传统服装、时尚产品和品牌的研究中, 并不包括对便服的研究. 因此, 本论文调查了韩国的便服市场, 研究了消费者对含有韩国传统时装设计特色的便服的评价. 分析了对于韩国传统时装设计元素有购买意向的先例之间的关系, 并且比较了不同生活群体的消费目标. 产品质量, 零售服务质量, 感受价值以及对拥有韩国传统设计元素的便服的喜好被作为购买意向的先决条件. 同时, 本文设计了一个结构方程模型, 用于探讨它们之间的关系以及它们对购买意图的影响. 产品质量和市场营销中的零售服务质量结合在一起, 成为影响人们对韩国特色便服的偏好和价值感知的因素. 而且, 偏好和价值感知对购买意向的影响可以用同一模型来检验. 通过网上调查系统由女性消费者完成了一共357份的自填式问卷, 并制定了一份调查样本人群的生活方式、对于产品和销售服务的标准、对于韩国特色便服的价值感知、偏好以及购买意向的调查问卷. 此外, 问卷还将调查便服的采购和使用行为, 以便检验韩国便服的市场地位. 并且使用描述性分析, 因素分析, 聚类分析来分析数据, 以及使用AMOS 7.0.来进行方差分析和建立结构方程模型. 对于韩国便服市场地位的调查结果显示, 在我们的样本人群中大多数消费者都购买了便服. 便服在目前被认为是在家里穿的衣服, 是消费者比较而言投入较低的衣服. 在调查中显示, 大多数消费者每年仅仅购买2到3次便服, 花费在10美元以下. 购买便服的消费者们的生活方式共有四类: 传统价值导向的生活方式, 品牌影响的生活方式, 追求休闲的生活方式以及健康导向的生活方式, 这四类共计有12个项目. 基于这些生活方式要素, 便服消费者们又可以分为两类: 安乐派和保守派. 文章估量了对含有韩国传统时尚设计元素的便服的购买行为各组成部分之间的关系, 产品质量和零售服务质量都会影响到购买便服的偏好和价值感知. 这个研究结论证明, 高质量的产品和零售服务会对便服形成积极的优先效应. 价值感知和对便服的偏好会对购买意图产生积极的影响. 这个结果表明, 对便服所含有的韩国传统时尚设计因素的强烈偏好和价值感知能增强购买意图. 在两种不同生活方式的群体(即安乐派和保守派)的模型比较中, 结果显示产品质量和零售服务质量对安乐派群体的偏好和感知价值都有积极影响. 然而, 对保守派来说, 只有零售服务质量对偏好和购买意图有积极的影响. 由于安乐派对购买意图显示出更重大的影响, 包含韩国传统时尚设计因素的便服品牌应该关注安乐派的这些特征. 然而, 保守派对包含韩国传统时尚设计因素的便服在偏好和购买意图的关系中显得更强. 因此对包含韩国传统时尚设计因素的便服品牌来说, 它应该把重点放在如何激发保守群体消费者对便服的积极偏爱上. 这些结果提供了关于韩国便服消费者生活方式的信息, 也对那些计划进入韩国便服市场的时尚品牌, 尤其是那些与现行研究样本相似的, 目标为女性消费者的时尚品牌提供了有用的信息. 这一研究也为便服品牌和那些打算创造含有韩国传统时尚因素的高价值品牌提供了策略和市场洞察力. 考虑到不同生活方式群体的类型和便服或传统时尚商品之间的关系, 品牌设计者和市场策划人员可以运用这一研究成果作为市场定位, 目标设定, 以及市场销售策略的一个参考.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2009

변산반도국립공원 작은당 일대의 식물상은 50과 88속 98종 6변종 1품종으로 총 105종류가 확인되었으며, 이중 목본식물은 31종류(29.5%), 초본식물은 74종류(70.5%)로 구분되었다. 식물상 중 희귀식물에는 모새달(보존우선순위: 194번), 쥐방울덩굴(151번), 모감주나무(115번), 갯방풍(203번) 등 4종류가 확인되었다. 특산식물에는 민(좀)땅비싸리와 서울제비꽃이 확인되었으며, 국외반출 승인대상 식물은 희귀식물과 동일하게 확인되었다. 또한 식물구계학적 특정식물에는 V등급과 IV등급 및 II등급에 해당하는 식물군은 출현하지 않았으며, III등급에는 갯그령, 솔장다리, 모감주나무 등의 3분류군, I 등급에는 갯쇠보리, 모새달, 통보리사초, 천문동, 쥐방울덩굴, 갯장군채, 장구밥나무, 갯방풍, 갯메꽃, 모래지치, 순비기나무, 참골무꽃, 해국 등의 13분류군으로 도합 16분류군이 확인되었다. 귀화식물에는 큰이삭풀, 미국자리공, 다닥냉이, 아까시나무, 달맞이꽃, 큰도꼬마리 등 6과 10속 10종류가 확인되었으며, 귀화율은 전체 105종류의 식물상 중 9.5%로 분석되었다. 군락은 사구와 배후습지로 구분하여 피복율과 상대우점치를 분석하였으며, 사구지역은 순비기나무군락, 배후습지는 모새달군락으로 구분되었다. 작은당은 국립공원인 변산반도사무소에서 사구 식물관찰지로 지정관리하고 있으며, 이를 보존하기 위해서는 탐방 예약제나 사구식물에 대한 교육과 홍보 등의 체계적인 관리대책이 요망된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.719-730
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the environmental characteristics of natural habitats, and the genetic variations in samples from 19 different quadrates of Asplenium scolopendrium 10 habitats. The natural habitats of A. scolopendrium were located at an altitudes 110-973 m with inclinations of $7-30^{\circ}$. All the quadrates were located on north facing slopes. The average field capacity of the soil is 31.4%, with organic matter at 16.7%, and the pH is 5.84. The soil texture was confirmed as sandy loam in 8 habitats and silt loam in 2 habitats. A total of 214 vascular plants were identified from 10 habitats. The importance value of the herbaceous layer (H) was the highest in A. scolopendrium, at 10.4%, followed by Arachniodes standishii (7.3%), Dryopteris crassirhizoma (6.5%), and Polystichum tripteron (5.3%), which implies that the natural habitats of A. scolopendrium are affinity with ferns. The species diversity of A. scolopendrium was estimated as on average 1.09, while the dominance and evenness were 0.12 and 0.87, respectively. The result of the RAPD analysis, among 59 bands amplified with a primer, 25 (42.4%) showed polymorphism. Twenty-one individuals of 10 habitats could be classified into four groups with similarity coefficient values ranging from 0.74 to 1.0. Mt. Mullae and Geumdaebong populations shows basal branching within the 21 individuals. Ulleung-do island and Jeju-do island population forms an independent clade, respectively. Mt. Moak and Byeonsan-bando clade formed a sister to the Ulleung-do island and Jeju-do island clade.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.214-226
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• 2013

본 연구는 희귀식물로 지정되어 있는 애기송이풀의 자생지 환경을 조사하여 보전 및 복원 시 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 조사결과 애기송이풀의 자생지는 해발고도 107~494m 범위와 경사 $5{\sim}20^{\circ}$의 계곡부에 주로 생육하는 것으로 조사되었다. 식생 및 관속식물 조사결과 6개 지역의 18개 방형구 내에서 조사된 관속식물은 총 243분류군이 출현하였으며, 각 조사구 내 초본층의 피도와 빈도를 기초로 한 애기송이풀의 중요치를 산출한 결과 평균 13%로 나타났다. NMS 분석결과, 애기송이풀 자생지에 결정적 영향을 미치는 인자는 목본층의 종구성, 초본층의 종구성보다는 환경적 영향이 더 지배적이라는 말할 수 있다. 이에 자생지의 안정적인 유지를 위해서는 서식지 보전이 중요하며 서식지 주변에 보호구역을 설정하는 것이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권8호
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• pp.357-362
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• 2014

Purpose: The incidence of Kawasaki disease (KD) is rare in young infants (less than 3 months of age), who present with only a few symptoms that fulfill the clinical diagnostic criteria. The diagnosis for KD can therefore be delayed, leading to a high risk of cardiac complications. We examined the clinical characteristics and measured the serum levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels of these patients for assessing its value in the early detection of KD. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of young infants diagnosed with KD from 2004 to 2012. The control group included 20 hospitalized febrile patients. Laboratory data, including NT-proBNP were obtained for each patient in both groups. Results: Incomplete KD was observed in 21/24 patients (87.5%). The mean fever duration on admission was $1.36{\pm}1.0$ days in the KD group. Common symptoms included erythema at the site of Bacille Calmette-Guerin inoculation (70.8%), skin rash (50.0%), changes of oropharyngeal mucosa (29.1%), and cervical lymphadenopathy (20.8%). The mean number of major diagnostic criteria fulfilled was $2.8{\pm}1.4$. Five KD patients (20.8%) had only one symptom matching these criteria. The incidence of coronary artery complications was 12.5%. The mean serum NT-proBNP level in the acute phase, in the KD and control groups, were $4,159{\pm}3,714pg/mL$ and $957{\pm}902pg/mL$, respectively, which decreased significantly in the convalescent phase. Conclusion: Incomplete KD was observed in 87.5% patients. Serum NT- proBNP might be a valuable biomarker for the early detection of KD in febrile infants aged <3 months.

• 전기의세계
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1974

Generally, it has been regarded that there are two kinds of the effect of the electrodes, especially of the cathode in the gas discharge, (a) the effect caused by the difference of the cathode meterial and (b) the effect by the change of the cathode surface state even in the same meterials. Thus the two effects must be investigated independently to study the roles of the cathode in gas discharges. This paper measured sparking voltage in Rare gas (Ar, He) for the change of sparking voltage in repeating sparks and for the effect of (a) and (b) mentioned above, under the condition that the desorption of impurities from the cathod can be nigligible, and it is obtained that the correlative relations of the work function, sparking voltage and secondary coefficient are comparatively simple. In addition, the interesting character of the minimum point of the paschen's curves is found. The results were as follows; 1) The value of (pd)min with minimum pint of sparking voltage, (Vs)min, is 0.7-0.9 Torr. cm in Argon, but is 5.6-7.1 Torr. cm in Helium, and Paschen's curve in Helium shows slow curve than in Argon. 2) The minimum point of the Paschen's curve is satisfied actually Townsend's self sustaining criterion in Argon, but non-satisfaction in Helium, and the Townsend's secondary coefficient .gamma. action have compound property (.gamma.$_{i}$, .gamma.$_{p}$, .gamma.$_{m}$) in Helium. 3) The dependenting character of work function in Helium is less than in Argon. 4) The minimum point of sparking voltage increase under oxidized electrode than clear electrode in Au and Ag, but minimum point decrease in Ni and Cu.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.78-98
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to categorize the contribution evasion and develop the expected models for contribution arrears in National Health Care System. The modified logistic regression model in non-payments was used as logistic regression model based on the statistical method. By using this model, we arranged non-payment types and typical branches those are appeared by statistical technique. First fact, sex and age branches those are able to take a part in economy had effect mostly. Also they had difference in non-payment probability by existence of their incomes and property. Especially people who didn't have their own house and car were appeared in high non-payment probability, disease and reduction characteristic(rare diseases, reduction of seniors, handicaps, numbers of medical treatments) didn't effect much in probability. The reason for some characteristic of non-payment which is higher than the correct threshold value of Logistic Regression Model (a suggested model for predicting non-payment)'s distribution of probability was mostly moral hazard. Living difficulty was the bigger reason for non-payment, but moral slackening was the bigger reason for non-payment. But it is careless to decide that moral hazard is just the reason, there is a necessity to examine on the side of sociology based in family. By the reason, the member's non-payment reason can be classified by economy, population, and psychology, but there was a comprehension that losing of work desire could be one reason. So we analyzed informations for composition of family of members. In conclusion, we grasped that family conflict makes non-payment and conversion of member in the National Basic Livelihood Protection System difficult.