• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제64권1호
• /
• pp.155-165
• /
• 2022

As pork consumption increases, rapid and accurate determination of porcine carcass grades at abattoirs has become important. Non-destructive, automated inspection methods have improved slaughter efficiency in abattoirs. Furthermore, the development of a calibration equation suitable for non-destructive inspection of domestic pig breeds may lead to rapid determination of pig carcass and more objective pork grading judgement. In order to increase the efficiency of pig slaughter, the correct estimation of the automated-method that can accommodate the existing pig carcass judgement should be made. In this study, the previously developed calibration equation was verified to confirm whether the estimated traits accord with the actual measured traits of pig carcass. A total of 1,069,019 pigs, to which the developed calibration equation, was applied were used in the study and the optimal estimated regression equation for actual measured two traits (backfat thickness and hot carcass weight) was proposed using the estimated traits. The accuracy of backfat thickness and hot carcass weight traits in the estimated regression models through stepwise regression analysis was 0.840 (R²) and 0.980 (R²), respectively. By comparing the actually measured traits with the estimated traits, we proposed optimal estimated regression equation for the two measured traits, which we expect will be a cornerstone for the Korean porcine carcass grading system.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.139-143
• /
• 2003

Mathematical constants for multiplication with leaf length (I) or breadth (b) or l ${\times}$ b have been worked out for determining leaf area in promising mulberry genotypes viz., Chinese White, S-146, Chak Majra and Sujanpur Local of sub-tropical India. When pooled, the mathematical constants worked out were 8.1132, 10.1019 and 0.5992 for multiplication with leaf length, breadth and l ${\times}$ b, respectively, for genotypes bearing un-lobbed leaves and 6.9447, 8.2761 and 0.5009 for multiplication with leaf length, breadth and l ${\times}$ b, respectively for genotypes bearing lobbed leaves. Leaf area can be worked out by using any constant by multiplying either with leaf length or breadth or both (l ${\times}$ b). Estimated leaf areas worked out were found significantly and positively correlated with actual leaf area (r＝999$^{＊＊}$). The suggested present non-destructive method by using mathematical constants is very quick and alternative to electronic leaf area meter for spot leaf area determination in mulberry which is the only food source for mulberry silkworm in sericulture industry.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.60-65
• /
• 2009

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used as a rapid and non-destructive method to determine the protein content in intact and ground seeds of pea (Pisum sativum L.) germplasms grown in Korea. A total of 115 samples were scanned in the reflectance mode of a scanning monochromator at intact seed and flour condition, and the reference values for the protein content was measured by auto-Kjeldahl system. In the developed ground and intact NIRS equations for analysis of protein, the most accurate equation were obtained at 2, 8, 6, 1 math treatment conditions with standard normal variate and detrend scatter correction method and entire spectrum (400-2,500 nm) by using modified partial least squares regression (n=78). External validation (n=34) of these NIRS equations showed significant correlation between reference values and NIRS estimated values based on the standard error of prediction (SEP), $R^2$, and the ratio of standard deviation of reference data to SEP. Therefore, these ground and intact NIRS equations can be applicable and reliable for determination of protein content in pea seeds, and non-destructive NIRS method could be used as a mass analysis technique for selection of high protein pea in breeding program and for quality control in food industry.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
• /
• pp.1161-1161
• /
• 2001

Rapid cost-effective methods of measuring wood quality are extremely important to tree improvement programs where it is necessary to test large numbers of trees. Non-destructive sampling of a forest can be achieved by using increment cores generally removed at breast height. At CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products methods for the rapid, non-destructive measurement of wood properties and wood chemistry based on increment core samples have been developed. In this paper the application of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to the prediction of a range solid wood properties, including density, longitudinal modulus of elasticity (E$\sub$L/) and microfibril angle (MFA), is described. Experiments conducted on individual species (Eucalyptus delegatensis and Pinus radiata), the two species combined and a number of mixed species from several genera are reported. NIR spectra were obtained from the radial/longitudinal face of each sample and used to develop calibrations for the measured physical properties. When the individual species were used the relationships between laboratory determined data and NIR fitted data were good in all cases. Coefficients of determination (R$^2$) ranging from 0.77 for MFA to 0.93 for stick density were obtained for E. delegatensis and R$^2$ ranging from 0.68 for MFA to 0.94 for strip density were obtained for P. radiata. The calibration statistics for the combined E. delegatensis and P. radiata samples were similar to those found for the individual species. As these results indicated that it might be possible to produce general calibrations based on samples from a number of species of a single genus or samples from a number of different genera, a wide range of species was subsequently tested. Good relationships were obtained for both density and E$\sub$L/. These calibrations had R$^2$ that were slightly lower than those determined using individual species and standard errors that were higher. The mixed species calibrations, when applied to the E. delegatensis and P. radiata sample sets, provided good estimates of density (stick and strip) and E$\sub$L/. The results demonstrated that a mixed species calibration, that encompasses wide variation in terms of, wood anatomy, chemistry and physical properties, could be used to rank trees. Experiments reported in this paper demonstrate that solid wood properties can be estimated by NIR spectroscopy. The method offers a rapid and non-destructive alternative to traditional methods of analysis and is applicable to large-scale non-destructive forest resource assessment, and to tree breeding and silvicultural programs.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.413-420
• /
• 2012

Spectroscopic measurement method based on visible and near-infrared wavelengths was prominent technology for rapid and non-destructive evaluation of internal quality of fruits. Reflectance measurement was performed to evaluate firmness, soluble solid content, and acid content of truss tomatoes by hyperspectral reflectance imaging system. The Vis/NIR reflectance spectra was acquired from truss tomatoes sorted by 6 ripening stages. The multivariable analysis based on partial least square (PLS) was used to develop regression models with several preporcessing methods, such as smoothing, normalization, multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), and standard normal variate (SNV). The best model was selected in terms of coefficient of determination of calibration ($R_c^2$) and full cross validation ($R_{cv}^2$), and root mean standard error of calibration (RMSEC) and full cross validation (RMSECV). The results of selected models were 0.8976 ($R_p^2$), 6.0207 kgf (RMSEP) with gaussian filter of smoothing, 0.8379 ($R_p^2$), $0.2674^{\circ}Bx$ (RMSEP) with the mean of normalization, and 0.7779 ($R_p^2$), 0.1033% (RMSEP) with median filter of smoothing for firmness, soluble solid content (SSC), and acid content, respectively. Results show that Vis / NIR hyperspectral reflectance imaging technique has good potential for the measurement of internal quality of truss tomato.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.675-680
• /
• 1990

관능검사에 의존하여 오던 종래의 고추 품질평가법을 탈피하여 매운맛 성분인 capsaicin, 적색색소인 capsanthin, total sugar 및 수분함량을 근적외 분광분석법으로 화학약품을 사용하지 않고 신속, 정확하게, 동시에 측정 할 수 있는 방법을 조사하였다. 기존의 화학분석 방법에 의해 측정한 상기 성분들의 함량치와 근적외 스펙트럼 데이타간에 중회귀분석을 행하여 각각의 성분측정을 위한 검량식을 작성하였다. 이들 검량식을 미지의 고추시료에 적용시켜 구한 분석치와 기존 분석법으로 구한 분석치를 비교한 결과, capsanthin과 total sugar는 근적외 분광분석법에 의해 정량적으로 측정할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2004

Farmers need timely information on the nutritional status of their animals and the nutritive value of pastures and supplementary feeds if they are to apply successfully this existing nutritional information. Near infrared reflectance(NIR) spectroscopy has been used over the last forty years to analyse accurately protein, fiber, and other organic components in animal foods. NIR spectroscopy is a rapid, non-destructive, and non-polluting technology. When properly calibrated, NIR spectroscopy is used successfully with both concentrate and forage feeds. NIR methods predict in vitro digestibility accurately and precisely, and can predict in vivo digestibility at least as well as conventional "wet chemistry" methods such as in vivo digestion or the pepsin-cellulase method, and much more rapidly. NIR technology has been applied to the routine monitoring (through analysis of feces samples) of the nutritional status of cattle and other grazing animals. This report reviews the use of near infrared reflectance(NIR) spectroscopy to monitor the nutritive value of animal feeds and the nutritional status of grazing animals.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 1994

쌀의 이화학적인 성분분석과 관능검사에 의한 식미검정으로 품질을 평가하는 방법은 많은 시간적, 경제적인 비용이 수반되므로 소량의 시료로 신속하고 정확하게 품질을 검정할 수 있는 방법이 확립되면 양질미 품종 육성의 선발 효율을 높이고 쌀 품질을 등급화하여 유통시장에서 품질 인증제 도입시 평가 방법으로 적용할 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 목적으로 벼 68품종을 공시하여 근적외 분광 분석기를 사용하여 근적외 스펙트럼과 몇가지 이화학특성치간의 중회귀 분석에 의해 각각의 검량식을 작성하여 미지의 시료로 측정정확도를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 아밀로스함량 분석에서는 1파장에서 6파장으로 구성되는 5개의 검량식을 얻었으나 2208 및 2044nm의 2파장으로 구성된 검량식에서 측정정확도가 높았다. 2. 단백질함량 분석에서는 2파장에서 6파장으로 구성되는 5개의 검량식을 얻었으나 2220, 2236, 2128, 2152및 2092nm의 5파장으로 구성된 검량식에서 측정정확도가 높았다. 3. 무기성분인 Mg와 K 함량 분석에서는 각각 5개의 검량식을 얻었으나 Mg 함량은 1224, 1212, 1156 및 1204의 4파장 검량식에서 K 함량은 2304, 2292, 2260및 1152의 4파장 검량식에서 각각 측정 정확도가 높게 나타났다. 4. 확인용 시료의 이화학적 특성치와 근적외 분광 분석기에 의한 측정치간의 상관에서 상관계수는 단백질함량(0.93), K함량(0.83), Mg함량(0.80), 아밀로스함량(0.68)의 순으로 높았고, 모든 성분에서 높은 정의 유의한 상관이 인정되었다.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제46권5호
• /
• pp.324-330
• /
• 2002

This experiment was carried out to determine non-destructively the hydrogen peroxide concentration of 3％ antiseptic hydrogen peroxide solutions by portable near-infrared (NIR) system. Hydrogen peroxide standards were prepared ranging from 0 to 25.6 w/w％ and the NIR spectra of hydrogen peroxide standard solutions were collected by using a quartz cell in 1 mm pathlength. We found the variation of absorbance band due to OH vibration of hydrogen peroxide depending on the concentration around 1400 nm in the second derivatives spectra. Partial least square regression (PLSR) and multilinear regression (MLR) were explored to develop a calibration model over the spectral range 1100-1720 nm. The model using PLSR was better than that using MLR. The calibration showed good results with a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.16％. In order to validate the developed calibration model, routine analyses were performed using commercial antiseptic hydrogen peroxide solutions. The hydrogen peroxide values from the NIR calibration model were compared with the values from a redox titration method. The NIR routine analyses results showed good correlation with those of the redox titration method. This study showed that the rapid and non-destructive determination of hydrogen peroxide in the antiseptic solution was successfully performed by portable NIR system without very harmful solvents.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.83-89
• /
• 1990

Electrochemical methods have been proposed as non-destructive, rapid and quantitative means for determining the degree of sensitization associated with Chromium depleted zones surrounding precipitates of Cr carbide and formation of secondary phase in stainless steel. In this study, the specimen of AISI 304 stainless steel and its welded sections, which welded by TIG, MIG, $CO_2$ and ARC, were tested corrosion resistance by electrochemical methods in 0.5N HCl and 1N $H_2SO_4$ with or without 0.01N KSCN. The results were confirmed that electrochemical methods could be used as a test method of corrosion resistance evaluation for the welded AISI 304 stainless steel.