• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to evaluate the patient's and clinician's response to rapid oral HIV screening test. Attitude assessment survey was carried out on patients test with rapid oral HIV screening test and clinicians who conducted the test. The patients and clinicians were present at the dental hospital and clinics which were participating in the research project, between March and May 2010. Rapid oral HIV screening test is safe and efficient to the patients. It also demonstrated reliability to accuracy and confidentiality, and high recommendation to rapid oral HIV screening test. The clinician survey revealed high test convenience and high appraisal to patient satisfaction. In conclusion, if rapid oral HIV screening test becomes more common, patients will receive safe and convenient and high reliable HIV infection test, while clinicians will be able to create safe dental care environment.

• Infection and chemotherapy
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.346-349
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• 2018

In 2015, rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing was implemented in all 25 public health centers in Seoul. During March and December 2015, 20,987 rapid HIV tests were performed, of which 116 (0.5%) were positive. Compared to those of the period before application of the rapid HIV test in place of conventional enzyme immunoassay method, the number of HIV tests performed and the number of positive results increased by sevenfold and twofold, respectively. In conclusion, expansion of the provision of rapid HIV tests in public health centers increased the number of voluntary HIV tests.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권46호
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• pp.304.1-304.7
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• 2018

Background: The Republic of Korea has a very low prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but the number of new HIV diagnoses has steadily risen, strongly indicating a large number of undetected HIV infections. Thus, it is important for Korean public health authorities to adopt and encourage cost-effective HIV detection tools, such as rapid HIV screening tests. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and rapid tests in a public health center (PHC) setting. Methods: We developed a decision analytic model to assess the per-examinee cost and the cost-effectiveness of identifying HIV patients in a PHC setting using two HIV testing strategies: conventional HIV screening by ELISA versus rapid HIV testing. Analysis was performed in two scenarios: HIV testing in an average-risk population and in a high-risk population. Results: Compared to the ELISA, the rapid test was cost-saving and cost-effective. The per-examinee cost was USD 1.61 with rapid testing versus USD 3.38 with ELISA in an average-risk population, and USD 4.77 with rapid testing versus USD 7.62 with ELISA in a high-risk population. The cost of identifying a previously undiagnosed HIV case was USD 26,974 with rapid testing versus USD 42,237 with ELISA in an average-risk population, and USD 153 with rapid testing versus USD 183 with ELISA in a high-risk population. Conclusion: Rapid testing would be more cost-effective than using conventional ELISA testing for identifying previously undiagnosed HIV-infected cases in Korea, a country with extremely low HIV prevalence.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.291-296
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• 2009

Purpose : The aim of this studγ was to evaluate the patient's and dentist's perspective and knowledge on rapid human immunodeficiency virus screening test in dental setting. Material and Methods: In March 2009, 100 patients and 100 dentists at College of Dentistry, Yonsei University were provided an attitude assessment survey. Results : Results were analyzed for acceptance of testing and potential barriers. 94% of patients agreed to take a rapid HIV screening test and 77% of dentists were willing to provide the test to their patients. Also the current knowledge state of patients and dentists on HIV infection was not accurate as expected. Conclusion : Overall, dental clinic patients widely accepted the offer of rapid oral HIV screening. Rapid HIV screening test in the dental setting ran be an important option to increase the number of individuals who know their HIV status.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of OraQuick tests in previously reported articles. Methods: The literature was searched using Pubmed Medline with keywords, such as "OraQuick" or "rapid HIV test". Articles that included the specificity and sensitivity of this device were reviewed. Results: A total of 11 journal articles including 3 domestic articles were reviewed. The sensitivity of the OraQuick Test was reported to be 97.8 to 100% and its specificity was 98.8 to 100%. Conclusion: The results indicated that the simple OraQuick assay has proven to be accurate and it can be used to detect patients with HIV and to prevent the spread of HIV on test screens.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2015

CD4+ T-cell count determines the effectiveness for antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although ART slows the progression of HIV to AIDS, rapid counting of CD4+ T lymphocytes with a drop of patient's blood sample is urgently needed to ensure timely ART treatment in rural areas. Recently point-of-care CD4 testing devices have been developed by using non-flow based imaging cytometer incorporated with a sample cartridge where CD4+ T cells are reacted with fluorescently tagged specific antibodies. Here we conducted an experimental study using a conventional fluorescence microscope-based imaging system to quantitate the interaction of CD4 antibodies with CD4+ T cells at different reaction conditions. We demonstrated that a fast and affordable point-of-care CD4 test is feasible with a far less amount of antibodies and a shorter incubation time compared with a conventional sample preparation protocol for flow cytometry. We also proposed a general method to evaluate and compare the detection limit across different CD4 counting platforms by using fluorescently labelled microbeads for intensity calibration.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제1권
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• pp.209-236
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• 1992

The microculture XTT antiviral assay method is used to quantitate HIV-1 induced cytopathic effects as modulated by test substances. This relatively simple assay facilitated the safe and rapid determination of in vitro antiviral activity of selected chemicals as well as direct cytotoxicity. This experiment also confirmed that this system measures infection and subsequent viral replication in target cells and XTT formazan formations correlated with the accumulation of extracellular virions, as measured by quantitative HIV-1 induced syncytium foramtion. The present results with Glycyrrhizin using this in vitro culture system demonstrated that effective dose, EC50(the concentration at which increases XTT formazan production in infected cultures to 50% of that in untreated, uninfected controls) was 250ml. As comparison, AZT was included in this experiment and demonstrated that EC50 AZT of was 0.05g/ml, approximately 5,000 times more potent than Glycyrrhizin based on EC50 ratio's alone. However, this potency is limited by severe cytotoxicity of AZT, while Glycyrrhizin is approximately 16 times less toxic(IC50 of Glycyrrhizin 800 and AZT 51 g/ml). While AZT's anti-HIV-1 viral activity is mediated by inhibition of reverse transcriptase of the virus, Glycyrrhizin faild to demonstrate any inhibitory activity against reverse transcriptase. Further study is necessary in order to understand the precise mechanisms of Glycyrrhizin action against HIV-1 viruses. Althouth Glycyrrhizin is less effective antiviral agent than AZT, much less toxicity of Glycyrrhizin is desirable in terms of chronic treatment. Combination treatment of AZT and Glycyrrhizin may be therapeutically beneficial. Clinical effectiveness of two drug combination therapy for AIDS patient is unknown at this time. However, this experimental investigation presents the scientific rational basis for such therapeutic approach.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.158-165
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• 2006

Although Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains remain responsible for the majority of diseases caused by mycobacterial infections worldwide, the increase in HIV infections has allowed for the emergence of other non-tuberculous mycobacteria as clinically significant pathogens. However, Mycobacterium species has a long period of incubation, and requires serious biochemical tests such as niacin, catalase, and nitrate test that are often tedious. The development of rapid and accurate diagnostics can aid in the early diagnosis of disease caused by Mycobacterium. The current DNA amplification and hybridization methods that have been developed target several genes for the detection of mycobacterial species such as hps65, 16S rDNA, rpoB, and dnaj. These methods produce rapid and accurate results. In this study, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis(PCR-RFLP) based on the region of the rpoB gene was used to verify the identification of non-tuburculosis Mycobacterium species. A total of 8 mycobacterial reference strains and 13 clinical isolates were digested with restriction enzymes such as Msp I in this study. The results of using this process clearly demonstrated that all 13 specimens were identified by rpoB gene PRA method. The PCR-RFLP method based on the rpoB gene is a simple, rapid, and accurate test for the identification of Mycobacterium.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate the seropositive prevalence of blood-borne infection in neurotrauma patients who underwent emergent surgical intervention, especially patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), syphilis and human immunodefIciency virus (HIV). Methods: A retrospective review identified 559 patients with traumatic brain injury and spinal trauma who underwent emergent surgery between 2007 and 2014. We reviewed the medical records and extracted data, including age, sex, location of lesion, result of serologic tests, time interval of admission and surgery after presenting to emergency room. Serologic tests for HBV, HCV, syphilis and HIV were performed and analyzed to determine whether the seropositive results were confirmed by the surgeon before surgery. Results: The majority of the patients were male (74.6%), and the mean age was $55.4{\pm}20.2years$. Most patients underwent surgery due to traumatic brain injury (90.0%). Fifty-three patients (10.0%) showed a positive result on at least one serologic test. Seropositive rates according to pathogens were 0.5% for syphilis, 5.2% for HBV and 3.9% for HCV. No positive results were noted on the serologic tests for HIV. HBV in patients with spinal cord injury and age from 40 to 49 years were associated with high serologic positive rate, and that result was statistically significant. However, no statistically significant differences were found in the other variables. Serologic results could not confirmed before surgery in the majority of the cases (62.1%), and 10.4% of these patients showed seropositive results. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize the importance of taking precautions and conducting rapid serologic testing in preventing the occupational transmission of blood-borne viruses to health-care workers.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.271-279
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• 1998

연구배경: 결핵의 유병률은 감소하는 추세이나 노인, 항암약물요법, HIV 감염 풍에 의해 면역기능이 약화된 환자에 있어서 결핵의 발생이 문제가 되고 있으며, 특히 다제내성균주의 출현은 큰 문제이다. 결핵진단법 중 체액에서 도말검사나 배양검사를 통해서 Myco-bacterium tuberculosis를 검출하는 것이 표준진단법이나, 도말검사는 상대적으로 민감도가 낮고 배양검사는 오랜시간이 소요된다. 중함연쇄반응을 이용하여 결핵균의 DNA를 검출하는 방법은 매우 민감하나 비용이 많이 소요된다. ELISA(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay)를 이용하여 혈청에서 결핵균 특이항원에 대한 항체를 검출하는 방법이 객담도말음성인 활동성 폐결핵환자를 다른 비결핵성 폐질환으로부터 감별하는데 유용한지를 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법: 연세대학교 세브란스 병원에 입원한 183명의 객담도 말음성인 폐질환환자에서 항산균에 대한 객담도말 및 배양검사와 결핵균 특이 항원인 recombinant 38 kilo-dalton 항원과 culture filtrate항원을 이용한 ELISA 검사를 시행하였다. 결 과: 35명의 활동성 폐결핵환자 중 18명에서 배양검사상 Mycobacterium tuberculosis를 검출할 수 있었다. 38 kDa와 culture filtrate에 대한 흡광도는 활동성 폐결핵환자들에서 비결핵성 폐질환자들보다 유의하게 높았다 (p<0.05). 활동성 폐결핵환자 중 객담배양양성과 음성군사이에 38 kDa와 culture filtrate에 대한 홉광도의 유의한 차이는 없었다 (p>0.05) 객담도말음성인 환자에 있어서 38 kDa과 culture filtrate의 민감도는 각각 20.0%와 31.4%였고 특이도는 각각 95.3%와 93.9%였다. 결 론: 객답도말검사 음성인 활동성 폐결핵환자에 있어서 ELISA를 이용한 38 kDa과 culture filtrate 항원에 대한 혈청항체검사법은 기존진단방법보다 낮은 민감도를 보여, 비결핵성 폐질환으로부터 활동성 폐결핵을 감별진단하는데 크게 도움이 되지 않을 것으로 여겨진다.