• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2007

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) are frequent forms of genetically heterogeneous peripheral neuropathies. Reciprocal unequal crossover between flanking CMT1A-REPs on chromosome 17p11.2-p12 is a major cause of CMT type 1A (CMT1A) and HNPP. The importance of a sensitive and rapid method for identifying the CMT1A duplication and HNPP deletion is being emphasized. In the present study, we established a molecular diagnostic method for the CMT1A duplication and HNPP deletion based on hexaplex PCR of 6 microsatellite markers (D17S921, D17S9B, D17S9A, D17S918, D17S4A and D17S2230). The method is highly time-, cost- and sample-saving because the six markers are amplified by a single PCR reaction and resolved with a single capillary in 3 h. Several statistical and forensic estimates indicated that most of these markers are likely to be useful for diagnosing the peripheral neuropathies. Reproducibility, as determined by concordance between independent tests, was estimated to be 100%. The likelihood that genotypes of all six markers are homozygous in randomly selected individuals was calculated to be $1.6{\times}10^{-4}$, which indicates that the statistical error rate for this diagnosis of HNPP deletion is only 0.016%.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.211-216
• /
• 2004

Commercial one-step rapid fecal occult blood (FOB) kit which was used as a screening test to detect traces of blood in stool samples was evaluated for the feasibility of the forensic identification of human blood. The sensitivity was determined and compared with the conventional Leucomalichite green (LMG) method. In addition, the specificity of the kit and the effects of various chemicals and environmental factors were examined. FOB kit was specific for human hemoglobin and more sensitive than LMG test (approximately 100 times). FOB kit showed positive band using at least 1,000,000-fold diluted human blood. The antigen was very stable regardless of storage temperature and boiling. The positive reaction was not affected by LMG and Luminol, the traditional tests for identification of bloodstain. As a results, FOB test kit could be effectively applied to identification of human blood at crime scene and crime laboratories.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.1616-1621
• /
• 2007

We have established a SYBR Green-based realtime PCR method using AnyDirect solution, which enhances PCR from whole blood, for direct amplification of the virA gene of Shigella flexneri and the invA gene of Salmonella typhimurium from human feces without prior DNA purification. When we compared the efficiency of conventional or realtime PCR amplification of the virA and invA genes from the supernatant of boiled feces supplemented with S. flexneri and S. typhimurium in the presence or absence of AnyDirect solution, amplification products were detected only in reactions to which AnyDirect solution had been added. The detection limit of real-time PCR was $1{\times}10^4\;CFU/g$ feces for S. flexneri and $2{\times}10^4\;CFU/g$ feces for S. typhimurium; this sensitivity level was comparable to other studies. Our real-time PCR assay with AnyDirect solution is simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific, and allows simultaneous detection of S. flexneri and S. typhimurium directly from fecal samples without prior DNA purification.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.17-25
• /
• 1974

1. Neutron acivation analysis of arsenic contained in Korean human liver was studied in the view point of forensic chemistry, using 12 corpses. A sample of 1g was irradiated for 30 mins. in a neutron flux of $1.2{\times}10^{12}n/cm^2/sec$, followed by nitric-sulfuric acid digestion and then by Gutzeit separation. Radio activity was detected by it's scintillation counter. The arsenic content in the liver was found to be $0.01{\mu}g/g$ to $0.15{\mu}g/g$. 2. A rapid and convenient method for the radiochemical determination of minerals by neutron activation analysis was established. After neutron irradiation to the standard soln. of Cu and Mn in pneumatic tube (neutron flux : $1.2{\times}10^{12}n/cm^2/sec$), Cu and Mn were determined by estimating the ratio of the widths under energy peak area in ${\gamma}-ray-spectrogram$. When the standard soln. of Mn and Cu is irradiated for 15 mins. to 18 hrs., recovery test shows that the relative errors are 5.1% and 4.5% for copper and manganese, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Legal Medicine
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.126-140
• /
• 2018

The diagnosis of cause of death (COD) or estimation of postmortem interval (PMI) is hard to perform using postmortem blood or other bodily fluids due to various biochemical changes that occur during the agonal phase or after death. To solve these problems, new paradigms and new analytical methods are needed. In this study, postmortem blood was fractionated with specific gravity 1.021, 1.029, 1.038, and 1.045, and the absorbance patterns of each sample of the 131 total cases (12 kinds of COD) were analyzed using a spectrometer. The absorbance was grouped into 9 patterns (ABS pattern 1 to 9) according to the wave length and the signal intensity. These patterns of postmortem blood were found to be distinctly different from the absorbance pattern of fresh blood. The analysis of ABS patterns is useful for the diagnosis of deaths due to acute or rapid bleeding, fire death, drowning and, in some cases, poisoning, but is not useful for the estimation of PMI.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.95-105
• /
• 2022

Amatoxin-induced mushroom poisoning starts with nonspecific symptoms of toxicity but hepatic damage may follow, resulting in the rapid development of liver insufficiency and, ultimately, coma and death. Accurate detection of amatoxins, such as α-, β-, and γ-amanitin, within the first few hours after presentation is necessary to improve the therapeutic outcomes of patients. Therefore, analytical methods for the identification and quantification of α-, β-, and γ-amanitin in biological samples are necessary for clinical and forensic toxicology. This study presents a literature review of the analytical techniques available for amatoxin detection in biological matrices, and established an inventory of liquid chromatography (LC) techniques with mass spectrometry (MS), ultraviolet (UV) detection, and electrochemical detection (ECD). LC-MS methods using quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and orbitrap MS are powerful analytical techniques for the identification and determination of amatoxins in plasma, urine, serum, and tissue samples, with high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility compared to LC with UV and ECD, enzyme-linked immunoassay, and capillary electrophoresis methods.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.65-70
• /
• 2018

This study compared two methods for preparing ancient DNA (aDNA) for the construction of successful shotgun libraries that may be applied to massive parallel sequencing. For the comparative analysis, the DNA of prehistoric rib samples from Hungary was extracted using either a manually prepared silica suspension or the Amicon Ultracel-15 10K ultracentrifugal device (Millipore). After the extraction of the same amount of bone powder (about 150 mg) from three samples by each method, the amount of extracted double-stranded DNA and the subsequent degree of construction of the shotgun library were analyzed. The Amicon device method was rapid and easier to perform and resulted in an approximately 11-fold higher DNA recovery than that obtained using the silica suspension. The shotgun library constructed using DNA templates prepared by the Amicon device was more successful than that constructed from templates isolated using the silica suspension. The comparative study of these two aDNA extraction methods showed that the Amicon device has the advantages of saving time, process simplicity, and high efficiency.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2015

Recently, the rapid development of science and technology is a new challenge and opportunity in the policing environment. In the major industrialized countries of the West presents a strategy called SMART Policing the police to strengthen police capacity in accordance with this social change and actively utilize the science and technology in policing field. In this study, we attempted to discuss our country for the establishment of security technology research and development organization. First, I propose that installed the R&D planning department at the Office of Planning and Coordination in the National Police Agency. Secondly, it is need to establish the (provisional) Police Science and Technology Center, that integrate the functions of each organization's R&D-related work. Finally, it should integrate Police Science Institute and the National Forensic Service in (provisional) Policing Technology Research Institute.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2022

Recently, the risk of water disasters are increasing due to climate change and the aging of river levees. Existing conventional river embankment inspections have many limitations due to the consumption of a lot of manpower and budget. Thus, it is necessary to establish a new monitoring and forecast/warning method for effective flood response. This study proposes the river levee health monitoring system by analyzing the relationship between river levee deformation and hydrological factors using Sentinel-1. The variance index calculated in this study was classified into 4 grades. And the levees collapse section was judged to be a high vulnerable point in which the variance rapidly increased based on the result of the rapid increase in soil moisture. In the future, it is expected that it will be possible to advance levee maintenance technology and improve national disaster management through the advancement of the existing levee management system and automated monitoring through the forensic method that combines remote technology.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.228-234
• /
• 2013

Methamphetamine is an amine-containing illegal drug and is distributed unlawfully in South Korea. Finding a rapid, convenient and semi-quantitative determination method for methamphetamine is a very important issue in the area of forensic drug testing. As an effort to develop new screening method, the reactions between three organic compounds which are structurally similar to methamphetamine and N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyloxy) succinimide (FMOC-NHS) were performed on silica gel ($SiO_2$) TLC plates. Three reference compounds were synthesized and used for the identification, comparison and study of the limit of detection (LOD) of the products obtained from a direct reaction on a TLC plate. As a result, FMOC-NHS as a derivatization reagent generated compounds containing highly UV-active functional groups on the TLC plate after reacting with primary- and secondary amines. In the experiment 2D the LOD of amines was in the range of 0.045 and 0.01 mg/mL ($2{\mu}L/spot$), and in 1D the LOD was in the range of 0.002 and 0.007 mg/mL ($2{\mu}L/spot$). The LODs of the compounds tested were dependent on the concentration of the derivatizing reagent.