• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.363-371
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• 2005

본 연구는 2급 복합레진 수복 시 다양한 두께의 유동성 레진 이장이 법랑질 또는 상아질 치은측 변연부의 미세누출에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 시행하였다. 발거된 상, 하악 대구치의 근심 또는 원심면에 2급 와동을 형성하고 혼성복합레진만으로 충전한 군 (대조군)과 유동성 레진을 치은측에 0.5 mm (실험 1군), 1 mm (실험 2군), 2 mm (실험 3군) 두께로 이장한 후 복합레진을 충전한 군으로 분류하였다. 각 군은 $5^{\circ}$와 $55^{\circ}C$에서 500회 열순환을 시행한 후 $2\%$ methylene blue에 24시간 동안 침적시켜 광학 입체현미경하에서 변연부의 색소 침투를 관찰하였다. 본 연구의 결과 유동성 레진의 다양한 두께는 복합레진 수복물의 변연부 미세누출에 영향을 미쳤다. 복합레진을 이용한 구치부 2급 와동 수복 시 법랑질 또는 상아질 변연에서 0.5 mm두께로 유동성 레진을 적용하는 것이 미세누출 감소에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2019

Most of the data envelopment analysis (DEA) models evaluate the relative efficiency of a decision making unit (DMU) based on the assumption that inputs in a specific period are consumed to produce the output in the same period of time. However, there may be some time lag between the consumption of input resources and the production of outputs. A few models to handle the concept of the time lag effect have been proposed. This paper suggests a new multi-period input DEA model considering the consistent time lag effects. Consistency of time lag effect means that the time delay for the same input factor or output factor are consistent throughout the periods. It is more realistic than the time lag effect for the same output or input factor can vary over the periods. The suggested model is an output-oriented model in order to adopt the consistent time lag effect. We analyze the results of the suggested model and the existing multi period input model with a sample data set from a long-term national research and development program in Korea. We show that the suggested model may have the better discrimination power than existing model while the ranking of DMUs is not different by two nonparametric tests.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.334-340
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• 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic components of daily milk yield and to re-rank bulls in South Korea by estimated breeding value (EBV) under heat stress using the temperature-humidity index (THI). Methods: This study was conducted using 125,312 monthly test-day records, collected from January 2000 to February 2017 for 19,889 Holstein cows from 647 farms in South Korea. Milk production data were collected from two agencies, the Dairy Cattle Genetic Improvement Center and the Korea Animal Improvement Association, and meteorological data were obtained from 41 regional weather stations using the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) installed throughout South Korea. A random regression model using the THI was applied to estimate genetic parameters of heat tolerance based on the test-day records. The model included herd-year-season, calving age, and days-in-milk as fixed effects, as well as heat tolerance as an additive genetic effect, permanent environmental effect, and direct additive and permanent environmental effect. Results: Below the THI threshold (${\leq}72$; no heat stress), the variance in heat tolerance was zero. However, the heat tolerance variance began to increase as THI exceeded the threshold. The covariance between the genetic additive effect and the heat tolerance effect was -0.33. Heritability estimates of milk yield ranged from 0.111 to 0.176 (average: 0.128). Heritability decreased slightly as THI increased, and began to increase at a THI of 79. The predicted bull EBV ranking varied with THI. Conclusion: We conclude that genetic evaluation using the THI function could be useful for selecting bulls for heat tolerance in South Korea.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.99-122
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• 2005

본 연구는 프로스포츠 소비자의 심리적 애착정도를 태도적 차원의 동일시와 행위적 차원의 동일시로 구분하고 아울러 프로스포츠팀과 관련된 동기요인(성적에 대한 관심, 선수의 능력, 선수의 매력성)과 스포츠 구단의 관람의도, 스폰서십 효과(스폰서 브랜드 태도)와 어떠한 영향 관계가 있는지를 살펴보고자 하는 것이다. 대부분 선행연구들이 이러한 관계를 단편적인 수준에서 측정했으며, 아물러 구단과 스폰서십의 동시적 영향관계를 규명한 연구가 없었던 것이 사실이다. 이에 본 연구는 이러한 관계를 구조방정식 모델의 검증을 통하여 해당 가설을 검증한 결과 첫째, 팀관련 관람동기의 대부분이 태도적 동일시를 거쳐 행위적 동일시로 이어지는 것으로 나타났으며, 둘째, 심리적애착정도와 관람의도, 스폰서십 효과와의 관계에 있어서는 태도적 동일시의 경우 관람의도와 스폰서십 브랜드 태도에 긍정적 영향 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 행위적 동일시의 경우에는 관람의도에만 긍정적 영향 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 연구의 시사점 및 한계와 향후 연구방향이 토의되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.886-895
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• 2009

The guideline of selection of Integrated Management Practices (IMPs), such as wood, green roof, lawn, and porous pavement, for Low Impact Development (LID) design was proposed by ranking the reduction rate of surface runoff using LIDMOD1.0. Based on the guideline, LID was designed with several scenarios at two apartment complexes located at Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea, and the effect of LID on surface runoff was evaluated during last 10 years. The effect of runoff reduction of IMP by land use change was highly dependent on the kind of hydrologic soil group. The wood planting is the best IMPs for reduction of surfac runoff for all hydrologic soil groups. Lawn planting is an excellent IMP for hydrologic soil group A, but reduction rate is low where soil doesn't effectively drains precipitation. The green roof shows constant reduction rate of surface runoff because it is not influenced by hydrologic soil group. Compared to the rate of other IMPs, the green roof is less effect the surface runoff reduction for hydrologic soil group A and is more effect for hydrologic soil group C and D followed to planing wood. The porous pavement for the impervious area is IMPs which is last selected for LID design because of the lowest reduction rate for all hydrologic soil group. As a result of LID application at study areas, we could conclude that the first step of the strategy of LID design at apartment complex is precuring pervious land as many area as possible, second step is selecting the kind of plant as more interception and evapotranspiration as possible, last step is replacing impervious land with porous pavement.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제24권68호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2001

This study is to make LCIA(Life Cycle Impact Assessment) easier as a methodology of environmental scores(called E-score) that integrated environmental load of each emission substance based on environmental damage such as in human health, ecosystem and resources category. The concept is to analyzes the LCI(Life Cycle Inventory) and defines the level of environment damages for human health, ecosystem and resources to objective impact assessment standard, and makes the base of marginal damage to calculate the damage factor, which can present the indication that can establish the standard value of environmental impact. First, damages to human health are calculated by fate analysis, effect analysis and damage analysis to get the damage factor of health effect as a DALY(Disability Adjusted Life Years) unit. Second, damages to ecosystem are calculated by fate analysis, effect analysis and damage analysis to get the damage factor of the effect as a PDF(Potentially Disappeared Fraction) unit through linking potentially increased disappeared fraction. Third, damages to resources are carried out by resource analysis and damage analysis for linking the lower fate to surplus energy conception to get damage factor as a MJ(Mega Joule) unit. For the ranking of relative environment load level each other, LCIA can be carried out effectively by applying this E-score methodology to the particular emission substances. A case study has been introduced for the emission substances coming out of a tire manufacturer in Korea. It is to show how to work the methodology. Based on such study result, product-designers or producers now can apply the E-scores presented in this study to the substances of emission list, and then calculate the environment load of the product or process in advance at any time and can see the environment performance comparatively and expected to contribute to the environmental improvement in view of environmental pollution prevention.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.53-79
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• 2002

To screen the effective materials for hair loss treatment, several natural extracts were tested using in vivo and in vitro test models. Firstly, all test materials were applicated onto the back skin of C57BL／6 mouse and then hair growth promoting effect was measured using hair growth index. As a result, Prunus mume, black bean, Brassica campestris subsp. black sesame and Rubi Fructus showed potent hair growth promoting effect, ranking as 1.5-2.0 of hair growth index. However, there were no plant extracts, which have remarkable potential of growth promotion of human hair dermal papilla cells cultured in vitro. In the experiments of 5${\alpha}$-reductase type Ⅱ inhibition assay, Prunus mume, Eriobotryae Folium showed effective potential to inhibit the activity of 5${\alpha}$-reductase type Ⅱ. To investigate the possible involvement of the effect of several plant extracts on the gene expression of growth factors in human hair dermal papilla cells, RT - PCR analyses were performed. However, there were no plant extracts, which have profound effect on the gene expression of several growth factors such as IGF-I, KGF, HGF and VEGF in the dermal papilla cells. Another tests for inhibition of microbial such as P. acne were also carried out to find whether these plant extracts have anti -microbial activities. Rubi Fructus showed anti -microbial effects on Propionibacterium acnes, which is believed as a pathogen of acne. Together, these results showed several plant extracts can be used for hair growth promotion.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1575-1584
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 영어를 PC상에서 효과적으로 타이핑하면서 영어 학습 효과까지 얻기 위하여 파이썬의 클래스와 함수 구조를 이용하여 사용자 중심의 적응적 영문 타이핑 프로그램을 구현한다. 사용자는 필요한 영어 예문을 텍스트 파일로 생성한 후 연결하여 영문 타이핑 연습에 활용할 수 있도록 하고 타이핑 연습에 사용된 영어 문장을 기반으로 기억력 테스트를 할 수 있는 기능을 제공하여 영어 학습 효과를 얻을 수 있도록 한다. 구현된 프로그램의 인터페이스는 게임 형식으로 구성하여 흥미롭게 접근할 수 있고 사용자간의 순위를 공개하여 타이핑 속도와 영어 학습에 긍정적인 자극을 제공하여 사용자들의 영문 타이핑 속도를 향상시킴과 동시에 영어 학습 효과까지 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different social ranking order (SRO) and the enrichments (perch and dust-bath) allocation (EA) on behavior of laying hens in furnished cages. Methods: Total experimental period was 4 weeks. There were 216 Hy-line brown layers beak-trimmed at 1 d of age and selected randomly at 14 weeks of age from a commercial farm, and randomly divided into 36 cages with 6 hens in each cage. High enrichments (perch and dust-bath) allocation (HEA) and low enrichments (perch and dust-bath) allocation (LEA) were provided. Video observations of behavior were obtained from the focal hens between 14 and 18 weeks of age and perching, dust-bathing and other general behaviors of the hens with different social orders were measured. Results: Perching behavior of high SRO hens (HSR) were significantly higher than that of medium SRO hens (MSR), and that of the MSR were significantly higher than that of low SRO hens (LSR) (p<0.01), except for lying on perch (p>0.05). The hens in the high EA cage (HEAC) showed more lying behavior on perch than those in the low EA cage (LEAC) (p<0.01). The different SRO and EA did not affect dust-bathing behavior except vertical wing-shaking behavior (p<0.05). The LEA did not affect general behaviors (p>0.05), except standing and preening behaviors (p<0.01 and p<0.05), of which the hens in the HEAC showed less standing (p<0.01) and more preening behavior than the hens in the LEAC. Conclusion: The SRO of laying hens has a significant effect on the perching behaviors, but SRO and EA have little effect on dust-bathing and general behaviors.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.1411-1419
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• 2016

랜덤화 블록 계획법을 검정하는 비모수적 방법에는 일반적인 대립가설에서 Friedman (1937)이 제안한 검정법이 있다. 이 방법은 처리 효과의 차이를 알아보기 위한 검정법으로 블록 내 순위를 사용해 검정함으로써 블록 간 정보의 손실이 있을 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 Hodges와 Lehmann (1962)이 제안한 정렬방법을 이용하여 블록 간 정보 손실을 줄이고, Jo와 Kim (2013)이 제안한 랜덤화 블록 계획법의 결합위치 방법을 확장하여 결합위치에 점수함수를 적용한 새로운 비모수적 방법을 제시하였다. 또한 Monte carlo simulation을 통하여 기존의 검정 방법과 제안한 검정법의 검정력을 비교하였다.