• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.254-259
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• 2014

In this paper, we describe construction of a wind stabilization demo-site and effects of output power control of wind turbines for suppression of ramp rate using ESS (Energy Storage System). It is difficult to control the output power of distributed generator such as wind turbine which of variation is very large. If the large capacity wind farm be interconnected into power system may cause blackout due to Power Quality. For these reasons, the international standards such as Grid-Code is limited to less than 10 [%/min] of renewable energy ramp rate. The case of Korea, government actively conducts propagating large-scale renewable energy for green growth policy, to interconnecting more renewable energy into power system is necessary for stabilization technology. For these reasons, the POSCO consortium has constructed a wind stabilization demo-site that is configured as 500 [kWh] battery energy storage systems can output up to 3 [C-Rate] and two wind turbines rated 750 [kW]. In POSCO consortium, which implements various methods stabilizing output power of wind turbine such as smoothing, section firming and ramp control, we derive the results of long-term demonstration that can be controlled to satisfy to the international standard about ramp rate [%/kW] of wind turbine output power.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.3068-3073
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• 2007

Aerodynamic forces and moments have been used to control rocket propelled vehicles. If control is required at very low speed, Those systems only provide a limited capability because aerodynamic control force is proportional to the air density and low dynamic pressure. But thrust vector control(TVC) can overcome the disadvantages. TVC is the method which generates the side force and roll moment by controlling exhausted gas directly in a rocket nozzle. TVC is classified by mechanical and fluid dynamic methods. Mechanical methods can change the flow direction by several objects installed in a rocket nozzle exhaust such as tapered ramp tabs and jet vane. Fluid dynamic methods control the flight direction with the injection of secondary gaseous flows into the rocket nozzle. The tapered ramp tabs of mechanical methods are used in this paper. They installed at the rear in the rocket nozzle could be freely moved along axial and radial direction on the mounting ring to provide the mass flow rate which is injected from the rocket nozzle. In this paper, the conceptual design and the performance study on the tapered ramp tabs of the thurst vector control has been carried out using the supersonic cold flow system and shadow graph. Numerical simulation was also performed to study flow characteristics and interactions between ramp tabs. This paper provides to analyze the location of normal shock wave and distribution of surface pressure on the region enclosed by the tapered ramp tabs.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.361-367
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• 2019

램프미터링은 고속도로로 진입하는 차량들을 제어함으로써 고속도로 본선의 정체를 줄이는 교통운영기법으로, 국외에서는 많이 사용되고 있으며 우리나라도 외곽순환도로 7개소에서 운영중이다. 램프미터링은 본선 정체를 줄이는 장점이 있는 반면 단점도 존재하는데, 램프 출구에서 차량들이 신호를 받고 대기하기 때문에 대기행렬이 발생하고 차량이 많은 시간대는 램프 대기행렬이 인접 도로에 까지 영향을 미치게 된다. 따라서 이를 해결하기 위해 공간적으로 여유가 있는 램프는 진입 수요를 많이 제어하고 공간적으로 여유가 없는 곳은 진입 수요를 적게 제어하도록 램프미터링 알고리즘을 개선하였다. 이를 평가하기 위해 통합평가지수(Combined Index)를 사용하였고 평가 결과 형평성과 효율성을 동시에 만족하는 것으로 나타났다.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.85-105
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• 2016

In this paper accelerated life testing is incorporated in quality control technique of acceptance sampling plan to induce early failures in high reliability products.Stress under accelerated condition can be applied in constant-stress, step-stress and progressive-stress or combination of such loadings. A ramp-stress results when stress is increased linearly (from zero) with time. In this paper optimum failure-censored ramp-stress accelerated life test sampling plan for log-logistic distribution has been formulated with cost considerations. The log-logistic distribution has been found appropriate for insulating materials. The optimal plans consist in finding optimum sample size, sample proportion allocated to each stress, and stress rate factor such that producer's and consumer's interests are safeguarded. Variance optimality criterion is used when expected cost per lot is not taken into consideration, and bilevel programming approach is used in cost optimization problems. The methods developed have been illustrated using some numerical examples, and sensitivity analyses carried out in the context of ramp-stress ALTSP based on variable SSP for proportion nonconforming.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2007

Aerodynamic forces and moments have been used to control rocket propelled vehicles. If control is required at very low speed, Those systems only provide a limited capability because aerodynamic control force is proportional to the air density and low dynamic pressure. But thrust vector control(TVC) can overcome the disadvantages. TVC is the method which generates the side force and roll moment by controlling exhausted gas directly in a rocket nozzle. TVC is classified by mechanical and fluid dynamic methods. Mechanical methods can change the flow direction by several objects installed in a rocket nozzle exhaust such as tapered ramp tabs and jet vane. Fluid dynamic methods control the flight direction with the injection of secondary gaseous flows into the rocket nozzle. The tapered ramp tabs of mechanical methods are used in this paper. They installed at the rear in the rocket nozzle could be freely moved along axial and radial direction on the mounting ring to provide the mass flow rate which is injected from the rocket nozzle. In this paper, the conceptual design and the study on the tapered ramp tabs of the thurst vector control has been carried out using the supersonic cold flow system and schlieren system. This paper provides the thrust spoilage, three directional forces and moments and distribution of surface pressure on the region enclosed by the tapered ramp tabs.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2015

Thrust vector control is the method which generates the side force and roll moment by controlling exhausted gas directly in a rocket nozzle. TVC is classified by mechanical and fluid dynamic methods. Mechanical methods can change the flow direction by several objects installed in a rocket nozzle exhaust such as tapered ramp tabs and jet vane. Fluid dynamic methods control the flight direction with the injection of secondary gaseous flows into the rocket nozzle. The tapered ramp tabs of mechanical methods are used in this paper. They installed at the rear in the rocket nozzle could be freely moved along axial and radial direction on the mounting ring to provide the mass flow rate which is injected from the rocket nozzle. TVC of the tapered ramp tabs has the potential to produce both large axial thrust and high lateral force. We have conducted the experimental research and flow analysis of ramp tabs to show the performance and the structural integrity of the TVC. The experiments are carried out with the supersonic cold flow system and the schlieren graph. This paper provides to analyze the location of normal shock wave and distribution of surface pressure on the region enclosed by the tapered ramp tabs.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2010

도시고속도로 연결로 접속부 교통혼잡을 해결하기 위한 가장 대표적인 전략은 램프미터링 전략이다. 램프미터링 이란 고속도로의 유입램프에서 램프유입량을 조절하는 것을 말하며, 램프교통량을 제한함으로써 고속도로의 흐름을 정상 교통류로 유지시키는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 램프미터링 기법중에서 고정식 미터링 방식을 기초로 하여, 동일한 미터링율이 본선에 진입할 때 차량진입방식(단일차량, 차량군)에 따라 본선 교통류에 미치는 영향을 비교분석하고 평가하고자 한다. 연결로 차량의 진입방식별 본선 교통류의 효과를 살펴본 결과, 동일한 미터링율에서 한 주기에 많은 연결로 차량들이 진입하는 다중차량진입방식이 본선교통류의 속도, 밀도, 지체 측면에서 불리한 것으로 분석되었고, 또한 교통와해가 조기에 발생하여 합류용량도 감소시키고 정체로 전이되어 낮은 속도를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 본선 교통량수준이 높을수록 연결로 진입방식에 따른 미터링 전략이 매우 중요하다는 것을 의미한다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2008

ALINEA는 램프의 하류부에 설치된 검지기를 이용하여 최적의 차량점유율 상태를 유지하도록 유입램프의 교통량을 조절하는 방안으로 검지기를 이용한 차량의 점유율을 제어 변수로 이용하고 있다. 하지만, 현재 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 루프제어기 점유율의 정확도가 비교적 낮다는 점과 점유율은 검지기 길이의 함수로서 ALINEA의 적용 시 설치 지점마다, 그리고 검지기 길이마다 최적 점유율 보정과정이 필요한 점을 감안할 때 현재 사용 중인 ALINEA를 보완할 필요가 있다. 관리자와 이용자 측면에서 점유율이 사실상 인지하기 어려운 변수임을 감안할 때 쉽고 간편한 변수의 사용을 통한 모형개발이 의미를 가질 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 ALINEA 알고리즘의 기본 개념을 이용하되 제어변수인 점유율을 이용할 때의 불편한 점 및 단점을 일부 개선시킬 수 있는 속도 변수를 이용하여 ALINEA 모델을 보완하고자 한다.

• 오토저널
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.73-80
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• 1991

Air/fuel ratio control system for gasoline engines has been analyzed to determine the control gain of the system. In this analysis the engine is modelled to be a simple time delaying element and the ramp-and-jump method is used to control air/fuel ratio. The result shows that it is necessary to measure the air flow rate accurately to enhance the control performance. And also it is shown that the control gain must be determined in some bounded region to meet the fast dynamic response and high catalyst conversion efficiency together.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2018

In recent years, ESS (Energy Storage System) has been widely used in various parts of a power system. Especially, due to its fast response time and high ramp rate, ESS is known to play an important role in regulating grid frequency and providing rotational inertia. As the number of installed and commercially operating ESSs increases, the reliability becomes an important issue. This paper introduces control schemes and presents its test method for grid-connected ESS for primary frequency regulation. The test method allows to verify the control operation in the individual operation mode and state. A validation of the method through actual ESS test in a electrical substation is presented in the case study section.