• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권7호
• /
• pp.1068-1076
• /
• 2020

Objective: In the present study, we determined efficiency of incorporating caffeine, melatonin or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the diluent on mitigating consequences of (a) liquid chilled- and (b) cryo-storage of ram spermatozoa. Methods: In the first experiment, ejaculates (n = 30) were collected from 5 adult rams and were pooled, diluted (1:10) with Tris-citric acid (base diluent) and were split into 4 aliquots assigned for: control (untreated), caffeine (0.1 mM), melatonin (0.3 mM) or omega-3 fatty acids (0.3 mM) (T₀). The diluted specimens were stored at 4℃ for 48 h, during which sperm physical and cytological properties were evaluated along with oxidative stress indices (T₂₄, T₄₈). In the second experiment, 15 ejaculates (3 per male) were pooled, diluted with glycerolized base diluent (4% glycerol, v/v) and were split corresponding to the same previous treatment groups before being processed for cryopreservation. Post-thaw physical and kinematic sperm properties were assessed by a computer-assisted sperm analysis system. Results: The results clarified superiority of both melatonin and omega-3 supplementation on maintaining (p<0.05) sperm properties, while reducing (p<0.05) lipid peroxidase reaction and enzymatic activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase in preservation medium, compared to caffeine either during liquid-chilled storage or cryopreservation of spermatozoa. Conclusion: Melatonin and omega-3 are regarded efficient alternatives to caffeine when processing ram spermatozoa for application of artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization.

• 한국가축번식학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.42-47
• /
• 1988

This experiment was carried out to investigate the sex ratio of produced lamb after artificial insemination into the cervix with spermatozoa from the top and bottom portion of ram semen separated by diluting semen a column of protein, and after implantation into the uterus with normal morulae and blastocyst cultured in BMOG-3 and Ham F-10 medium containing H-Y anbibody and complement treated with spleen and testis, respectively. All embryos developed to morulae and blastocyst were cultrued in medium under gas phase of 5% CO2 in air at 37$^{\circ}C$, 24 hrs. Estrus of ewes induced by a MAP vaginal sponge and 750 IU PMSG during the non-breeding season. The result obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows: 1. The ratio of heating, lambing, and prolificacy after artificial inseminatin into the cervix of ewes induced by a MAP vaginal sponge and 750 IU PMSG during the non-breeding season were 100%, 40% and 2.74 heads, respectively. 2. Involving 44 ewes, spermatozoa from the top of the protein column produced 23.1% male and 76.9% female lambs, while spermatozoa from the bottom of the column produced 81.3% male and 18.8% female offspring, respectively. 3. The sex ratio (male-to-female) of progeny produced after implantation with normal morulae and blastocyst cultured in medium containing H-Y antibody and complement treated with spleen and testis were 21.0%, 79.0% and 17.4%, 82.6%, respectively.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 2018

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the single oral toxicity of HBX-6 in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods : Twenty SD rats were randomly assigned to four groups of 5 rats each and were administrated singly to female and male SD rats, as an oral dose of 2000 mg/kg. HBX-6 is a newly combined Korean herbal medicine formula 30 % Ethanol extract derived from The Dongui Bogam. Now we are developing the prescription for the aim of improving benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) without undesirable side effects. HBX-6 is composed of nine medicinal herbs: Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata, Corni Fructus, Cistanchis Herba, Psoraleae Semen, Dendrobii Herba, Morindae Radix, Cuscutae Semen, Trigonellae Semen, Foeniculi Fructus. Animals were monitored for the mortality and changes in the body weight, clinical signs, gross observation and necropsy findings for the 14 days according to "Standard for Toxicity Study of Pharmaceuticals" of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) guideline and "Acute Oral Toxicity - Fixed Dose Procedure" of OECD Test Guideline. Results : We could not find any mortality. Compared with the control group, significant weight change was not observed in the experimental group. After administration, the more common symptoms were not observed. There were no gross abnormalities in all cases. Conclusions : Taken together, these results suggest that the approximate lethal dose of HBX-6 in both female and male SD rats were considered as over 2000 mg/kg.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.267-274
• /
• 2017

2016년 6~12월 서울약령시에서 원형 또는 분말 형태로 유통 판매되는 식 약 공용 농산물 총 62건을 구입하여, 후칼럼 유도체화 장치인 광화학 반응장치를 연결한 HPLC-FLD를 이용하여 아플라톡신($B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, $G_2$)을 정성 및 정량 분석함으로써 오염도를 조사하였다. 아플라톡신의 검출한계는 $B_1$ $0.086{\mu}g/kg$, $B_2$ $0.020{\mu}g/kg$, $G_1$ 0.363 g/kg, $G_2$ $0.126{\mu}g/kg$이었고, 정량한계는 $B_1$ $0.262{\mu}g/kg$, $B_2$ $0.059{\mu}g/kg$, $G_1$ 1.101 g/kg, $G_2$ $0.382{\mu}g/kg$였다. 회수율은 $B_1$ 95.1~101.8%, $B_2$ 86.9~105.6%, $G_1$ 95.2~100.6%, $G_2$ 98.6~114.0%이었으며, 변동계수(Coefficient of Variation, %)는 $B_1$ 1.9~9.8%, $B_2$ 1.2~8.2%, $G_1$ 2.1~9.5%, $G_2$ 0.9~9.3%였다. 사용부위에 따른 아플라톡신 오염의 특성을 살펴본 결과 종자(Semen)만 아플라톡신이 검출되었으며, 21건 중 6건(원형 3건, 분말 3건)에서 아플라톡신이 검출되었다. 품목별 아플라톡신 검출 건수를 살펴본 결과, 연자육 중 원형은 7건을 검사한 결과 2건에서 아플라톡신 $B_1$, $B_2$가 검출되었고, 분말은 6건 중 2건에서 아플라톡신 $B_1$이 검출되었다. 산조인 원형은 5건 중 1건에서 아플라톡신 $B_1$, $B_2$가 검출되었으며, 분말은 3건 중 1건에서 아플라톡신 $B_1$, $B_2$가 검출되었다. 아플라톡신 검출량을 살펴보면, 연자육 원형은 총아플라톡신($B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$ 및 $G_2$의 합)이 $ND{\sim}14.655{\mu}g/kg$($B_1$ $ND{\sim}11.869{\mu}g/kg$) 검출되었고, 분말은 총아플라톡신이 $ND{\sim}2.223{\mu}g/kg$($B_1$이 $ND{\sim}2.223{\mu}g/kg$) 검출되었다. 산조인 원형의 아플라톡신 검출량은 총아플라톡신이 $ND{\sim}9.182{\mu}g/kg$($B_1$이 $ND{\sim}6.612{\mu}g/kg$) 검출되었고, 분말은 총아플라톡신이 $ND{\sim}21.797{\mu}g/kg$($B_1$이 $ND{\sim}19.345{\mu}g/kg$) 검출되었다. 따라서 이러한 곰팡이독소 검출현황을 토대로 식 약 공용 농산물에 대한 곰팡이독소 기준을 설정하여 식 약 공용 농산물의 안전한 유통을 관리할 필요가 있다.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.190-197
• /
• 2020

The effects of the number of frozen-thawed ram sperm per single and double intra-cervical artificial insemination (AI) on fertility in ewes were studied. A total of 89 non-pregnant ewes were synchronized for oestrus with two doses of 100 ㎍ PGF_2α (Cloprostenol) 9 days apart. The ewes were randomly assigned to one of four groups; D200 (n = 23; double AI with 200 × 10⁶ sperm), S200 (n = 24; single AI with 200 × 10⁶ sperm), D100 (n = 24; double AI with 100 × 10⁶ sperm) and S100 (n = 18; single AI with 100 × 10⁶ sperm). Ewes were inseminated within 12 to 18 h for single AI and, within 10 to 12 h and 16 to 18 h for double AI after the onset of oestrus. The onset of oestrus ranged from 28 to 76 h (54.33 ± 1.28 h). The high percentage (29.2%) of ewes showed oestrus between 51 to 60 h. The non-return rates were highest in group D200 (56.5%) and differed significantly (p < 0.05) from group S100 (11.1%). No ewes were pregnant in group S100, and the pregnancy rates among the remaining groups did not differ. The mean gestation period was 152.8 ± 0.5 days and no difference was observed among the groups. The lambing and multiple birth rates were 100% in group D200. The single and twin lambing was highest in group D100 (33.3%) and group D200 (83.3%), respectively. Only one triplet lambing and the highest lambing size (2.2 ± 0.2) was recorded in group D200. In conclusion, double AI with 200 × 10⁶ sperm showed comparatively most practical for achieving high pregnancy rates and lambing performances in Bangladeshi ewes under field conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권8호
• /
• pp.1160-1168
• /
• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to compare morphological defects, viability, motility (MOT), fertility (F), and hatchability (H) in four Korean native chicken breeds (KNCBs), and to evaluate whether defective segments of spermatozoa are associated with MOT, F, and H. Methods: Four KNCBs, including Korean Ogye (KO), Hwangbong (HB), Hyunin Black (HH), and Hoengseong Yakdak (HY) were used. White Leghorn (WL) was used as a control. Nine cocks from each breed were randomly assigned into three groups. Semen was collected by abdominal massage method. Eosin-nigrosin staining method was used to identify live-dead spermatozoa. Different segments and specific morphological defects of spermatozoa were identified using 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylidole and MitoTracker Red CMXRos. F and H rates were evaluated following artificial insemination (AI). Results: KO had the highest MOT rate compared to HY. Viable normal sperm rates of KO and HH were high and comparable with WL. HY spermatozoa had the highest viable abnormal sperm (VAS) or morphological defect rate followed by HB. Likewise, HB spermatozoa had the highest dead sperm (dead) rate compared to KO, HY, and WL. Bent, coiled, detached, broken, and knotted were common identified specific morphological defects for all breeds. Most morphological defects were at the head and tail in all breeds. VAS showed strong negative correlation with MOT (r = -0.697) and F (r = -0.609). Similarly, defective tail was negatively correlated with MOT (r = -0.587), F (r = -0.797), and H (r = -0.448). The F and H rates of KO and WL were comparable. Conclusion: These data indicate that most identified specific morphological defects are at the head and tail. VAS and defective tail were associated with poor motility, F, and H. KNCBs showed more morphological defects than WL. Finally, these results will facilitate successful AI and semen cryopreservation.