• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.63-70
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• 2001

To identify and evaluate the benzidine-DNA adducts in liver and bladder, we exposed the 80 ppm benzidine to 40 sprague-dawley rats by drinking water for 4 weeks(6.2 mg/kg body wt./day). Only one benzidine-DNA adduct was found at the same site of thin layer chromatogram of $^{32}$ P-postlabeling method in the liver and bladder of exposed rats. So we know the DNA adduct formed at liver and bladder were similar to each other, which was N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-N'-acetylbenzidine. Relative adduct labeling(RAL) of DNA adduct was similar to each other for 1 and 2 weeks, but that in liver was significantly higher than in bladder for 3 and 4 weeks. RAL$\times$10$^{9}$ of DNA adduct were 84.45$\pm$11.31 and 152.8$\pm$5.53 in liver, and were 24.76$\pm$7.06 and 38.00$\pm$10.57 in bladder for 3 and 4 weeks, respectively. Regression equation between liver and bladder was Y=-3.801+2.507 X(r=0.6036, p<0.01). In conclusion, benzidine-DNA adduct formed in liver was significantly higher than that in bladder, with the similar compound structure in sparague-dewley rates treated benzidine in drinking water.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.361-373
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• 2006

치주질환의 진행이 나이에 의해 영향을 받는다는 사실은 알려져 있으나 노화에 따른 치주조직 세포의 기능적인 변화에 관한 사실은 많이 알려져 있지 않다. 노화에 따른 세포의 노화가 치주질환의 진행에 어떠한 여향을 끼치는가를 아는 것은 중요하다. 염증 상태에서 nitric oxide (NO)는 조직 파괴에 관여하는 인자로 작용하여 치주질환의 진행에 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 사람의 치은에서 배양된 치은섬유아세포를 이용하여 세포의 노화에 따른 NO와 이의 합성효소인 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)의 발현을 알아봄으로써 세포의 노화가 치주질환의 진행에 끼치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 10세의 환자와 55세의 환자에서 각각 채취한 치은에서 배양된 세포와 10세의 환자에서 채취한 세포를 계속적인 계대배양을 통해 얻은 실험실 상 노화된 세포를 포함하여 총 3 종류의 치은섬유세포를 실험에 이용하였다. Hot phenol-water extraction을 통해 추출된 Porphyromonas, gingivalis ATCC 33277 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)와 재조합 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 를 세포에 적용시켜 Griess assay를 통해 조건화된 배지에서 NO를 측정하였다. 20세와 55세의 환자에서 채취된 치은 조직과 총 3 종류의 배양된 세포에 NOS-II 항체를 적용시켜 iNOS 단백질 발현을 관찰하였다. Total RNA를 추출하여 RT-PCR를 통해 iNOS mRNA의 발현을 분석하였다. 치은섬유아세포에서 NO는 자발적으로 발생되었고, 이러한 발현은 젊은 세포보다 노화된 세포에서 강하였다. P, gingivalis LPS와 제조합 $IFN-{\gamma}$는 치은섬유아세포에서 NO의 발현을 증가시켰고, 이러한 발현은 젊은 세포보다 노화된 세포에서 강하였다. 면역조직화학 염색에서 iNOS 단백질은 젊은 사람과 노화된 사람의 치은 조직 모두에서 치은섬유아세포와 상피의 기저층 세포와 염증세포에서 발현되었으나 노화에 따른 발현의 차이를 구별할 수는 없었다. 세포의 면역염색에서 iNOS 단백질은 노화된 세포에서 강하게 발현되었고 이러한 발현은 LPS와 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 에 의해 강화되었다. LPS와 $INF-{\gamma}$ 의 조건이 주어지지 않은 상태에서 iNOS mRNA는 젊은 세포에서보다 노화된 세포에서 강하게 발현되었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 세포의 노화가 NO와 iNOS 발현을 증가시킴으로서 치주질환의 진행에 영향을 끼칠 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.219-223
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• 2017

The preliminary data reduction, analysis and first results from the Herschel survey of the AKARI NEP field are presented. Herschel SPIRE observations of the NEP-Wide region and PACS observations of the NEP-Deep region have yielded galaxy catalogues of 4000 and 900 sources respectively down to flux density levels of approximately 15 mJy at 100-250 microns. Source counts produced from these catalogues reach cosmologically significant depths tracing the evolutionary upturn and turnover in the source counts. The source counts are in agreement with other large area surveys carried out with Herschel bridging the gap between the shallow and deep Herschel surveys.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1999

This study was performed to survey the exchange of frames on 83 persons. We investigated frame size, frame type, binocular prism effect etc. 80.4% among motives of frame-exchanges was a damage or corrosion. The type of frames was round-like 62.4% and 37.6% square-like. The size of frames was $49{\Box}18$ and vertical length 33mm on old-frames, $47{\Box}17$ and 31mm on new-frames. The scope of axis variation was average +3.20~3.80. According to estimation by the rule of RAL-RG 915, the inappropriate horizontal prism effect of new spectacles was 42.2%, more than 38.5% on old spectacles. The inappropriate vertical prism effect was 24.1% on old, 33.7% on new spectacles.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.256-264
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diet and health status of elderly women according to the family type. Methods: A total of 307 elderly women participated in this study were divided into one of three groups according to their family type: residing with spouse (RSP; n=88), residing with son or daughter (RSD; n=119), and residing alone (RAL; n=100). Chisquare test was used to assess dietary habits and health status of the subjects by the family types. Results: Results demonstrated significant associations between eating regular meals, person preparing meals, coffee intake, and bone fracture experience and family type. Among the three groups, the RSP and RAL groups had a higher percentage for preparing meals by themselves (p<0.001) than the RSD group. The RAL group had a lower percentage for eating regular meals (p<0.01) but a higher percentage for bone fracture experience (p<0.05) than the other groups. There were no significant differences in monthly allowance, self-estimated health status, physical activity, exercise, drinking, and dietary habits such as frequency of consumption of dairy, beans, eggs, fish, meat, fruits, and vegetables among the three groups. Conclusions: The results showed that elderly women residing alone without a son, daughter, or spouse had more diet-related and health problems such as irregular meals and high bone fracture experience. These findings suggested that elderly women residing alone need more attention and support.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to survey spectacle wearers's way of thinking through the questionaire and to investigate their wearing conditions through fitting conditions, the pantascopic angle, vertex distance, the coincidence of vertical and horizontal distance between optical center of the lens and pupillary distance of the eye in random selected 150 ametropic corrective wearers in the age of 17 to 19. The results are as follows : 1. The most popular causes of physical complaints in the ex-wearing spectacle are frame pressure(34.0%), slipping forward(30.0%) and most popular visual complaints are blur vision(30.0%) and asthenopia(20.0%). 2. The most common physical or visual complaints in the present wearing spectacle are slipping forward(30.0%), pressure (50.0%), color(10.0%). 3. Myopic glasses wearers accounted for 56.7% of the subjects, the others were compound myopic astigmatism. In 60% of the subjects' binocular diopter did not coincide. 4. In the pantascopic angle of the both eyes coincide in 66.7% of the subjects. The average of pantascopic angle is $10.07^{\circ}$. 5. In the vertex distance of the both eyes coincided in 65.3% of the subjects. the he average of vertex distance is 13.6 mm. 6. Among 150 eyes with monocular, the vertical distance between optical center of the lens and pupillary distance of the eye is within the RAL-RG 915 that is tolerance of ophthalmic dispensing in German Standards in 82 eyes (54.6%). 7. Among 150 eyes with monocular, the horizontal distance between optical center of the lens and pupillary distance of the eye is within the RAL-RG915 that is tolerance of ophthalmic dispensing in German Standards in 86 eyes(57.3 %).

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.375-380
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• 2012

The Herschel Space Observatory is the European Space Agency's state of the art infrared space telescope launched into space on 14 May 2009, covering the wavelength range from 70-700 microns with 3 instruments SPIRE, PACS and HIFI. Large area surveys are being carried out by Herschel in the AKARI legacy fields at the North and South Ecliptic Poles and the AKARI All-Sky Survey provides additional synergy with the largest survey with Herschel, H-ATLAS, covering more than 500 square degrees. This paper reports on some of the early results of these synergies between Herschel and AKARI including the first comparison of the AKARI All-Sky Survey number counts with the deeper Herschel surveys.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2009

A multilevel acoustic Fresnel lens (MAFL) for the ultrasonic imaging transducer of which center frequency is approximately 5.MHz was newly designed and fabricated. The phase level of the lens was 64, and the focal length and the aperture width were 30.mm and 11.mm, respectively. The characteristics of impulse response, acoustic field and imaging performance of the transducer attached the lens were compared with the transducer attached a conventional refraction type acoustic lens (RAL). The results show that the center frequency, the loop sensitivity, and the focal depth of the MAFL transducer were higher or larger than those of the RAL transducer by approximately 0.2.MHz, 1.4.dB, and 2.mm, respectively. Consequently, it was shown that the brighter acoustic images with higher lateral resolution and the increased imaging performance for deep targets can be obtained by using the MAFL transducer.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.588-593
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• 2014

Tumor angiogenesis is important in tumorigenesis and therapeutic interventions in cancer. To know inhibitor and effector of tumor angiogenesis in cancer, the specific gene of tumor and angiogenesis may develop the mechanisms of cancer suppression and therapy. Recently, we described the role of RalA-binding protein 1 (RLIP76) in tumor angiogenesis. Tumor vascular volumes were diminished, and vessels were fewer in number, shorter, and narrower in RLIP76 knockout mice than in wild-type mice. Moreover, angiogenesis in basement membrane matrix plugs was blunted in the knockout mice in the absence of tumor cells, with endothelial cells isolated from the lungs of these animals exhibiting defects in migration, proliferation, and cord formation in vitro. RLIP76 is expressed in most human tissues and is overexpressed in many tumor types. In addition, the protein regulates tumorigenesis and angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. As the export of chemotherapy agents is a prominent cellular function of RLIP76, it is a major factor in mechanisms of drug resistance. Moreover, RLIP76 acts as a selective effector of the small GTPase, R-Ras, and regulates R-Ras signaling, leading to cell spreading and migration. Furthermore, in skin carcinogenesis, RLIP76 knockout mice are resistant, with tumors that form showing diminished angiogenesis. Thus, RLIP76 is required for efficient endothelial cell function and angiogenesis in solid tumors.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.49-63
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• 2018

We carry out a study of Sub-Millimeter Galaxies (SMGs) in the AKARI NEP-Deep field using the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) SCUBA-2 $850{\mu}m$ source catalog, released as part of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey (S2CLS) program. The SCUBA-2 $850{\mu}m$ map has a root mean square (rms) noise of $1.2mJy\;beam^{-1}$ and covers an area of $0.60degree^2$. We find four SMGs which have counterparts to Herschel sources with spectroscopic redshifts in the literature. In addition, three dust obscured galaxies (DOGs) detected in Herschel bands are selected as a comparison sample. We derive IR luminosities of SMGs using the CIGALE code, which are similar to those of high redshift SMGs from previous studies. The contribution of AGN to the total IR luminosity in SMGs (2%-11%) is smaller than the lower limit for the one in DOGs (19%-35%), which is consistent with the expectation from the evolutionary scenario of massive galaxies. We search for SMGs in overdense regions as protocluster candidates and investigate four regions, including candidates around three DOGs. Finally, we argue that follow-up spectroscopic observation for the NEP-Deep field will provide crucial information to understand the role of SMGs in the evolution of massive galaxies.