• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2022.11a
• /
• pp.207-208
• /
• 2022

Since 1960, the green area has decreased due to rapid urbanization and the artificial surface has increased, and the repair and water function of the previous surface has decreased due to the decrease in rainwater absorption capacity. In addition, the risk of carbon dioxide and fine dust is emerging due to the use of fossil fuels due to urbanization. As a result, permeable blocks, an eco-friendly product, are in the spotlight. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the strength properties of the permeable block using a hydroball. As a result of the experiment, the flexural strength and compressive strength tended to decrease as the hydroball replacement rate increased. It is judged that the hydroball absorbs a large amount of moisture during the mixing process and lacks moisture required for curing, resulting in a decrease in strength. According to KS F 4419, since the hydroball replacement rate is satisfied up to 20%, further research is needed to analyze the adsorption performance of air pollutants in the future and evaluate their utilization as a permeable block in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.639-649
• /
• 2013

Over 96.2% of the agricultural water in Jeju Island is obtained from groundwater and there are quite distinct characteristics of agricultural water demand/supply spatially because of regional and seasonal differences in cropping system and rainfall amount. Land use for cultivating crops is expected to decrease 7.4% (4,215 ha) in 2020 compared to 2010, while market garden including various vegetable crop types having high water demand is increasing over the Island, especially western area having lower rainfall amount compared to southern area. On the other hand, land use for fruit including citrus and mandarin having low water demand is widely distributed over southern and northern part having higher rainfall amount. The agricultural water demand of $1,214{\times}10^3\;m^3/day$ in 2020 is estimated about 1.39 times compared to groundwater supply capacity of $874{\times}10^3\;m^3/day$ in 2010 with 42.4% of eastern, 103.1% of western, 61.9% of southern, and 77.0% of northern region. Moreover, net secured amount of agricultural groundwater would be expected to be much smaller due to regional disparity of water demand/supply, the lack of linkage system between the agricultural water supply facilities, and high percentage of private wells. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the total net secured amount of agricultural groundwater to overcome the expected regional discrepancy of water demand and supply by establishing policy alternative of regional water supply plan over the Island, including linkage system between wells, water tank enlargement, private wells maintenance and public wells development, and continuous enlargement of rainwater utilization facilities.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.5 no.3 s.17
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2005

Sewage facilities are positively necessary for environment improvement such as rainwater removal, sewage disposal, preservation of the quality of water and health of the citizens in present-day. Meanwhile, a deterioration of the concrete sewer pipe is increasing rapidly due to the chemical and physical attack and especially biochemical attack that is to say biodeterioration. So, in advanced countries, prediction techniques and corrosion inhibition system for sewer concrete are developed and are being applied. Also, antibiotics were developed already but application of that is low because it is not economical and has no practical use. But, in domestic, countermeasures for the corrosion of sewage concrete are not sufficient and biochemical attack is not reflected in those essentially. In this study, to prevent biochemical corrosion of the sewer concrete, surface of the concrete was spread with liquefied inorganic antibiotics and then its engineering properties were experimentally investigated. As a result, compressive strength of the specimen spread with antibiotics were similar to those of non spread, Both bond strength and abrasion amount of the specimen spread with antibiotics were inferior to non spread. Properties of absorption and air permeability of the specimen spread with antibiotics were superior to non spread. Finally, carbonation depth, chloride ion penetration depth and weight change ration of the specimen spread with antibiotics were smaller than non spread.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2011.02a
• /
• pp.191-191
• /
• 2011

최근 빗물이 우리가 앞으로 이용할 수 있는 수자원이라는 사회적인 인식의 변화와 함께 빗물이용이 더욱 요구되어졌다. 특히 빗물의 이용 저류 침투를 목적으로 하는 우수 관리에 대한 관심이 증가하면서 빗물이용시설의 설치, 운용의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 반해 화재발생은 해마다 증가하고 있으며, 화재 증가는 소방력 활동의 증가로 귀결되는데 현장활동 인력과 장비 그리고 화재를 진압하는데 사용되는 소방용수 증가를 의미한다. 따라서 본 연구는 빗물을 소방용수로 즉, 화재진압시 활용 가능성과 수자원 절약, 화재 사각지역 해소 측면을 살펴보기 위해서 통계분석, 현장조사, 기존 빗물이용시설 및 향후 완공 예정인 우수유출저감시설 활용과 소방용수 미설치 지역과 소방관서 옥상에 빗물이용시설 설치 방안을 제시하였으며, 그에 따른 공공서비스 확대와 경제성 분석을 통하여 다음과 같은 연구결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 기존 빗물이용시설을 소방용수로 적극적으로 활용해야 한다. 빗물이용시설의 주 용도로 조경용수, 청소용수, 소방용수로 나눌 수 있는데 이수 측면에서 화재가 발생하지 않으면 소방용수로서 이용이 거의 없는 실정이다. 이는 해당 건물관계자나 소방대원들이 빗물이용시설을 인식을 못하고, 사용과 접근성 불편으로 상수도와 연결된 소화전에 의존하는 경우가 많다고 본다. 둘째, 상수도시설이 없는 지역은 빗물이용으로 소방용수를 확보해야 한다. 섬, 산간, 고지대, 농촌지역 등 상수도 서비스를 공급받지 못하는 지역은 화재발생시 수원확보곤란으로 인명과 재산피해의 증가요인으로 작용할 수 있다. 공공서비스 확대차원에서 화재 사각지역을 해소하기 위해 지붕면을 이용한 각 가정마다 또는 공동 빗물저장소와 지형의 비탈면을 이용한 빗물이용시설 설치로 소방용수 확보의 필요성을 확인했다. 셋째, 소방관서 신설시 빗물이용시설을 도입하여 설치한다. 화재통계와 현장조사를 통하여 소방차 출동대기부터 화재진압까지 많은 양의 물이 사용되는 것으로 파악되었다. 대부분 먹는 물 즉, 상수도를 이용한다는 점에서 수자원 절약과 화재진압에 사용된 물은 재생 불가능이라는 환경보전 측면에서 빗물이용으로 해답을 찾아본다. 따라서 빗물을 많이 저장할 수 있도록 옥상, 부지 등 집수면적을 확대하고 이에 적합한 저류시설을 갖춘 빗물이용시설을 설치한다. 끝으로 신속하고 효율적인 화재진압이 중요한 만큼 빗물을 소방용수로 활용하고자 할 때는 언제 어디에서나 현장 접근성, 사용 편리성, 충분한 수량을 고려해야한다.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.175-189
• /
• 2021

In this study, 48 streams in the Sapgyo Watershed were selected, and the Load Duration Curves (LDC) were drawn up for each stream using water quality and flow monitoring over the last three years (2018-2020), and it was evaluated whether the target water quality was achieved for each flow section. As a result of evaluating whether or not the target water quality exceeded according to the LDC, it was found that 22 rivers exceeded the target water quality. Five rivers exceeded the target water quality due to point pollutant sources, 13 rivers exceeded the target water quality due to non-point pollutant sources, and 4 rivers exceeded the target water quality due to both point and non-point pollutant sources. Among the rivers that exceeded the target water quality due to point pollutant sources, which included domestic sewage of the untreated population, there is a need to reduce the influx of polluted loads by the untreated population. The use of eco-friendly fertilizers is recommended for rivers with a relatively high farmland ratio among rivers exceeding the target water quality due to non-point pollutant sources, and installation of boiling point reduction facilities that can reduce the amount of polluted load introduced during rainfall or manage water shores. In rivers with a large number of livestock breeding heads, the livestock houses located in these rivers need to be preferentially transferred to livestock manure treatment plants. Due to the high ratio of land area because of urbanization, initial rainwater treatment facilities are required to reduce the amount of pollutant load flowing into the river through the impermeable layer during rainfall.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.661-670
• /
• 2022

In recent years, extreme rainfall and rainy seasons caused by climate change have caused river flooding and flooding damage, and it is urgent to solve economic and environmental problems in the city center due to the increase in the number of peak homes. The gap block, called the fitting block, is designed to facilitate rainwater pitching by forming a gap between the block and the block by forming a concave part and a protrusion of the block differently without the use of an existing spacer. In this study, for the production of such a gap block, the existing cement content was reduced and aramid fibers and exploration fibers, which are industrial by-products such as Goroslag fine powder and reinforcing fibers, were applied.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2020.06a
• /
• pp.329-329
• /
• 2020

일정규모 이상의 공공건축물에 대하여 빗물이용시설의 설치는 의무화 되어있으나, 빗물이용시설의 용량결정의 관한 기준은 부처별, 기관별로 상이하고, 동일한 기관의 기준내에서도 적용방법에 따라 용량 결정의 기준 범위는 광범위 하다. 본 연구에서는 대전광역시에 위치한 토지주택연구원을 대상으로 빗물이용시설의 물수지 분석을 수행하고, 그에 따른 편익을 용량 및 집수면적별로 산정하여 최적용량 결정을 위한 가이드를 제시하였다. 빗물이용시설의 편익은 우수유출 저감, 폭염 저감, 미세먼지 저감, 조경용수 사용으로 설정하였으며, 대전광역시의 2019년 실제 강우사상을 대상으로 물수지 분석을 수행하였다. 빗물이용시설은 일반적으로 B/C가 낮게 산정되어 경제성 측면에서는 부정적인 평가를 받아왔다. 빗물이용시설의 경제성은 빗물이용시설의 용량에 따른 빗물의 활용정도를 계산하여 산정하였으나, 실제 빗물이용시설의 경제성에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요소는 강우패턴과 빗물의 용도에 따른 사용량이다. 강우에 의한 공급량과 빗물의 소비량이 1차적인 요소이고, 2차적으로는 공급량을 수용할 수 있는 정도인 빗물이용시설의 집수면적과 용량, 소비되는 빗물의 용도별 편익에 따라 빗물이용시설의 경제성이 결정된다.빗물이용시설의 설치를 위한 선행단계로 빗물의 사용용도와 그에 따른 사용량을 설정하고, 각 용도에 따라 편익을 설정한 후 용량별 집수면적별 B/C를 산정한다. 이렇게 작성된 B/C 테이블을 현장에 제공하고, 현장여건에 맞추어 공사감독자가 용량을 결정한다면, 기존의 광범위한 용량기준의 문제점을 해결하고, 효율적인 빗물이용시설 용량 결정에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.31-46
• /
• 2021

Shin Hong-Gyun and his family have been in medicine for many generations as Korean Medical Doctors (KMDs). In 1919 when Shin Hong-Gyun was participating in an independence movement in Jang-Baek-Hyun, his younger brother Shin Dong-Gyun was killed by Japanese military police forces. This tragic incident triggered Shin Hong-Gyun to establish an army for national independence called , holding 200 young men, to serve in armed struggle against the Japanese Government with Kim Jung-Geon in May, 1920. In March 1933, Shin Hong-Gyun, as a military surgeon, led his men to the Korean Independence Army to fight a battle. Once he became a member of the Korean Independence Army, he, in fact, participated in few battles: Sadohaja, Dong-Kyung-Sung, Deajeonjayeong. Daejeonjayeong was a waypoint that the Japanese military needed to pass through in order to reach the Wangcheong area. Shin Hong-Gyun's independence forces had to endure painful starvation and heavy rain while hiding in ambush for long periods of time until the Japanese military would appear. Due to its summer rainy season, rainwater overflowed into their trenches and was filled up to the waist. Even worse, food stockpiles were low and the Japanese army did not appear for longer time. Shin Hong-Gyun's entire team suffered severe hunger and extreme cold. At this critical moment, Shin Hong-Gyun used his expertise as a KMD to find edible black mushrooms that grow wild in the mountains and use them to feed his men. This event led to the victory of the independence army at the battle of Daejeonjayeong. The purpose of the paper is to inform and highlight the forgotten history of Shin Hong-Gyun who was, both, a Korean Medical Doctor and a military surgeon.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.325-331
• /
• 2015

Due to urbanization and increase in impervious area, changes in natural water circulation system have become a cause of groundwater recharge reduction, streamflow depletion and other hydrological problems. Therefore, this study developed the infiltration planter techniques applied in an LID facility treating roof stormwater runoff such as, performance of small decentralized retention and infiltration through the reproduction of natural water circulation system and use of landscape for cleaning water. Assessment of an infiltration planter was performed through rainfall monitoring to analyze the water balance and pollutant removal efficiency. Hydrologic assessment of an infiltration planter, showed a delay in time of effluent for roof runoff for about 3 hours and on average, 79% of facilities had a runoff reduction through retention and infiltration. Based on the analysis, pollutant removal efficiency generated in the catchment area showed an average of 97% for the particulate matter, 94% for the organic matter and 86-96% and 92-93% for the nutrients and heavy metals were treated, respectively. Comparative results with other LID facilities were made. For this study, facilities compared the SA/CA to high pollutant removal efficiency for the determination to of the effectiveness of the facility when applied in an urban area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.211-220
• /
• 2020

When domestic sewage and rainwater runoff are discharged into a single sewer pipe, it is called a "combined sewer system." The sewage design standards in Korea specify the flow velocity based only on the volume of rainfall; therefore, sedimentation occurs on non-rainy days owing to the reduced flow rate and velocity. This sedimentation reduces the discharge capacity, causes unpleasant odors, and exacerbates the problem of combined sewer overflow concentration. To address this problem, the amount of sewage on non-rainy days, not just the volume of rainfall, should also be considered. There are various theories on sedimentation in sewer movement. This study introduces a self-cleansing velocity based on tractive force theory. By applying a self-cleansing velocity equivalent to the critical shear stress of a sand particle, sedimentation can be reduced on non-rainy days. The amount of sewage changes according to the water use pattern of citizens. The design hourly maximum wastewater flow was considered as a representative value, and the velocity of this flow should be more than the self-cleansing velocity. This design method requires a steeper gradient than existing design criteria. Therefore, the existing sewer pipelines need to be improved and repaired accordingly. In this study, five types of improvement and repair methods that can maximize the use of existing pipelines and minimize the depth of excavation are proposed. The key technologies utilized are trenchless sewer rehabilitation and complex cross-section pipes. Trenchless sewer rehabilitation is a popular sewage repair method. However, it is complex because the cross-section pipes do not have a universal design and require continuous research and development. In an old metropolis with a combined sewer system, it is difficult to carry out excavation work; hence, the methods presented in this study may be useful in the future.