• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.447-456
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• 2016

Access to clean and affordable water is one of the fundamental human rights because water is essential to life and a foundation for socioeconomic development of any country in the world. Despite the efforts to secure water supply in Burundi, the amount of water supplied by public utilities does not meet the demand of the population because population keeps increasing with fluctuation of weather conditions. This study selected north Bujumbura that is a sprawling new residential area in the western part of Burundi as a case to investigate the potential of rainwater harvesting in meeting water demand of the country. Based on a long-term average monthly precipitation in the region, the rainwater harvesting potential was assessed as a function of roof sizes, number of households, and runoff coefficients of roof materials. For the entire region of north Bujumbura, the current water supply capacity of the local water company combined with the rainwater harvesting potential resulted in the water surplus of $468,604.1m^3/yr$. Although three communes among them still showed water deficit in dry season, they still got help from rainwater to relieve their water shortage. This suggests that at the regional scale, proper storages and water quality control for harvestable rainwater could contribute to relieving the regional water shortage and allow the population growth.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2018년도 학술발표회
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• pp.485-485
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• 2018

Rainwater harvesting system (RWH) can provide a relief for the household and farmers especially in areas with intense water scarcity during the long lull of rainy season. However, much attention has not been given to this alternative water source in Nigeria. This paper estimates the per capita water demand for 1,950 inhabitants and rainwater potential in Ojonbodu Estate, Oyo State, Nigeria, using data from detailed questionnaires, water consumption calculator software, and 20-year rainfall data. The potential rainwater estimation was based on amount of precipitation, size of catchment and runoff coefficient. Consequently, using estimated values of $39420m^3$ and $6.5114{\times}10^7m^3$ for per capita consumption and potential rainwater respectively, the rainwater harvesting system was designed for rainwater collection, and storage. The harvested rainwater was $450, 000m^3$ with collection efficiency of 69.16 %, which exceeded the household water consumption requirement. Thus, the harvested rainwater was able to meet the estimated water demand of the Ojonbodu Estate households during the period of water scarcity.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.91-94
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• 2013

Recently Ibadan in southwestern Nigeria has been facing severe water shortage due to the increase of population, social and economic activities. In order to meet the shortfall, attempts to utilize rainwater harvesting (RWH) have been made to provide an alternative source of water supply. A desk study was conducted to review various RWH technologies locally, regionally and globally. A hydrological analysis was also carried out using rainfall data for 30 years from two meteorological stations, with the aim of providing a more sustainable RWH system for water supply to private individuals, organizations, and government agencies. RWH is found to be technically feasible based on the prevailing rainfall pattern with over 90% of households having a rooftop constructed from technically appropriate materials. Results of the study indicate that an average roof of $80m^2$ will collect 82,835 L/yr (45 L/person/day) for a family of five people which is about the required water demand for drinking and cooking purposes. Hence, the capacity of storage tanks and the catchment area required for an all-purpose water supply system based on RWH are quite large. These can be reduced to affordable sizes, by collecting and storing water for cooking and drinking only while non-potable uses are supplemented by water from other sources. However, it must be highlighted that due to the type of roofing material, rainwater should go through proper treatment in order to be used for potable purposes. This study clearly shows that Ibadan city has a good rainwater harvesting potential.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2009년도 학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.524-528
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• 2009

The objectives of this study were to install RCR systems at a typical single family house and a school in Alabama, and evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of using the RCR systems for water harvesting in Alabama. The RCR systemswere equipped with a control system and a CR10X data logger to monitor the system operation and to collect data on precipitation, temperature, overflow, water depth in the storage tank and daily uses of toilet flushing. Daily average water use of the home for toilet flushing was 95 liter and 2100 liter was used at the school during the school days. Rainwater harvesting efficiency was 83.3 and 89 percent and RCR use efficiency was 18 and 98 percent from the home and the school, respectively. A computer program was developed to estimate potential effectiveness of RCR systems. From the analysis result with 10 years rainfall data, a total of 67,000 liters of rainwater could be harvested for domestic uses from a typical single family house which supplies 190 liters per day.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2013

전 세계적으로 발생하고 있는 국지성 집중호우, 가뭄, 혹서, 태풍, 해수면 상승 등과 같은 징후는 기후변화가 진행되고 있음을 보여준다. 이러한 기후변화로 인해 일정빈도이상의 과도한 강우가 발생하면 필리핀의 마닐라는 높은 도시화와 홍수에 취약한 구조 때문에 홍수피해가 빈번하게 발생한다. 마닐라의 홍수조절 기능 및 생활용수 공급은 Angat댐을 통해서만 관리되기 때문에 홍수방지와 원활한 물공급을 위해 가정용우수저류시설은 최적의 대체자원이 될 수 있다. 가정용우수저류시설에 의해 공급되는 물은 여과 및 살균과 같은 수처리 과정을 거쳐 식수로 사용될 수 있으며 수처리 과정을 거치지 않은 잡용수는 세정, 세차, 청소 등의 목적으로 사용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 기후조건을 적용하여 가정용우수저류시설의 잠재가용량과 잠재가용성을 결정하기 위해 마닐라에 위치한 5개 강우관측소에서 갈수해, 평수해, 강수해로 구분하여 강우자료를 수집하였다. 필리핀은 대부분의 지역이 도시화되어 과도한 강우 발생시 많은 양의 우수가 발생되었으며 본 연구의 결과를 통해 가정용우수저류시설의 사용은 잡용수의 대체자원으로서 적절한 대안이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.503-507
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• 2011

신도시 A에 저탄소 녹색 마을(약 40만$m^2$)을 개발하고자 한다. 저탄소 녹색 마을의 조성을 위해서는 수문 순환의 복원 또는 물순환의 복원은 필수적이다. 저탄소 녹색 마을의 자연계 물순환 복원을 위해 LID-분산형 빗물 관리 시설의 설치를 계획하였다. 물순환에 미치는 영향 분석은 저탄소 녹색마을 개발 이전과 개발 후, 그리고 LID 시설(빗물정원, 인공습지, 빗물이용시설 등)을 설치한 후의 조건에서 EPA에서 개발된 SWMM-LID 모델을 이용하여 수행하였다. 개발 전의 침투 영역의 특성, 개발 후의 상당한 녹지 공간 탓으로, 수문 순환을 복원하기 위한 LID 설치 계획은 뚜렷한 효과를 보여주지 않고 있다. 그러나 LID 시설 설치에 의한 물순환의 가능성을 볼 수는 있었다. 이는 본 연구에서 제시한 LID 시설의 설치 계획이 해당 개발 지역의 물순환을 위해서는 더 확대되어야 함을 의미한다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.66-78
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• 2011

It is getting difficult to manage water resources in South Korea because more than half of annual precipitation is concentrated in the summer season and its intensity is increasing due to global warming and climate change. Artificial recharge schemes such as well recharge of surface water and roof-top rainwater harvesting can be a useful method to manage water resources in Korea. In this study, potential artificial recharge site is evaluated using geographic information system with hydrogeological and social factors. The hydrogeological factors include annual precipitation, geological classification based on geological map, specific capacity and depth to water level of national groundwater monitoring wells. These factors were selected to evaluate potential artificial recharge site because annual precipitation is closely related to source water availability for artificial recharge, geological features and specific capacity are related to injection capacity and depth to water is related to storage capacity of the subsurface medium. In addition to those hydrogeological factors, social aspect was taken into consideration by selecting the areas that is not serviced by national water works and have been suffered from drought. These factors are graded into five rates and integrated together in the GIS system resulting in spatial distribution of artificial recharge potential. Cheongsong, Yeongdeok in Gyeongsangbuk-do and Hadong in Gyeongsangnam-do, and Suncheon in Jeollanam-do were proven as favorable areas for applying artificial recharge schemes. Although the potential map for artificial recharge in South Korea developed in this study need to be improved by using other scientific factors such as evaporation and topographical features, and other social factors such as water-curtain cultivation area, hot spring resorts and industrial area where groundwater level is severely lowered, it can be used in a rough site-selection, preliminary and/or feasibility study for artificial recharge.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 1994

자연상태(自然狀態)의 강우조건(降雨條件)에서 작물의 잠재적(潛在的)인 피해여부(被害與否)를 파악하기 위하여 1992년 5월부터 9월까지 수원지역(水原地域)에 내린 강우의 화학적조성과 강우(降雨) 차단구(遮斷區)와 강우(降雨) 무차단구간(無遮斷區間) 작물의 엽록소 및 양이온함량 차이와 전자현미경(SEM)을 이용한 작물의 잎표면 조직 변화를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수원지역의 강우(降雨)는 $SO_4$ 함량에 비해 pH가 높으며, 월별 pH 변화는 5월에 4.65를 나타낸 이후 6, 7, 8월에는 각각 5.47, 5.32, 5.44로 일정한 경향을 보이다 9월에 4.80으로 다시 낮아졌다. 2. 강우중(降雨中) 이온의 함량은 양이온의 경우 $NH_4^+$ > $Ca^{2+}$ > $Na^+$ > $K^+$ > $Mg^{2+}$ > $H^+$ 순(順)이었으며, 음이온의 경우는 $SO_4^{2-}$ > $NO_3^-$ > $Cl^-$ 순(順)이었다. 3. 강우량별 pH의 차이는 초기강우(初期降雨)(5mm 이하)가 그 이후의 강우(降雨)에 비(比)해 pH가 높았다. 4. 참깨잎의 엽록소함량은 초기(初期)에는 강우차단구(降雨遮斷區)에 비해 강우무차단구(降雨無遮斷區)와 석회유처리구(石灰乳處理區)에서 약간 높게 나타났으나 후기(後期)에는 반대의 경향을 보였으며, 강우(降雨)를 맞은 두 처리구간에는 석회유처리구(石灰乳處理區)에서 약간 회복되는 경향이었다. 5. 수확기(收穫期)의 참깨 식물체중의 처리별 양이온함량은 강우(降雨) 무차단구(無遮斷區)가 다른 처리구에 비해 $K_2O$를 제외한 CaO 및 MgO의 함량이 낮았다. 6. 가시적인 피해는 발견할 수 없었으나 SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope)를 이용한 참깨잎의 조직(組織)을 관찰한 결과 강우(降雨) 무차단구(無遮斷區)와 석회유(石灰乳) 처리구(處理區)에서 trichome의 변형(變形)을 발견하였다.