• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.777-786
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• 2016

Raillietina species are prevalent in domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Phayao province, northern Thailand. Their infection may cause disease and death, which affects the public health and economic situation in chicken farms. The identification of Raillietina has been based on morphology and molecular analysis. In this study, morphological observations using light (LM) and scanning electron microscopies (SEM) coupled with molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) gene were employed for precise identification and phylogenetic relationship studies of Raillietina spp. Four Raillietina species, including R. echinobothrida, R. tetragona, R. cesticillus, and Raillietina sp., were recovered in domestic chickens from 4 districts in Phayao province, Thailand. LM and SEM observations revealed differences in the morphology of the scolex, position of the genital pore, number of eggs per egg capsule, and rostellar opening surface structures in all 4 species. Phylogenetic relationships were found among the phylogenetic trees obtained by the maximum likelihood and distance-based neighbor-joining methods. ITS2 and ND1 sequence data recorded from Raillietina sp. appeared to be monophyletic. The query sequences of R. echinobothrida, R. tetragona, R. cesticillus, and Raillietina sp. were separated according to the different morphological characters. This study confirmed that morphological studies combined with molecular analyses can differentiate related species within the genus Raillietina in Thailand.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.96-98
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• 1984

A new poultry cestode Raillietina (Skrjabinia) doggaddaensis n.sp. has been described from the domestic fowl Gallus gallus domesticus (L.). The new species has been compared with R.(S.) dhuncheta Sharma (1943) and R.(S.) magnicoronata (Fuhrmann, 1908).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 1988

프라지관텔 주사제의 조충류 피료 효과를 평가하였다. 개, 고양이, 산양, 사슴, 닭, 쥐 및 마우스 등 총 93마리 동물의 장관내에 기성하는 조충류 dipylidium caninum, Taenia pisiformis, Spirometra sp., Taenia taeniaeformis, Moniekia expanse, Moniexia sp., Raillietina sP. 및 인ymenolepis nana에 체중 kg당 프라지콴텔 12 mg, 9 mg, 6 mg, 3 mg, 1.5 mg을 대퇴부에 근육주사한 후 치료효과를 판정하였다. H. nana에 감염된 마우스는 6mg/kg 투여 후 3시 간부터 6시 간 사이에 충체를 배출하였다. 다른 조충류도 약제투여 48시 간 이내에 모두 체외로 배출되었다. H. nana 및 M. expansa를 제외한 모든 충체는 체외 배출시 심하게 손상되어 있었으며, D.cnninum의 충란낭은 붕괴되어 충란이 분리되었다. 조충의 종류와 감염강도 등에 따른 숙주 체중 kg당 투여 용량의 차이는 관찰되지 않았으며 Spirometra sp.에 감염되었던 한 마리의 개를 제외하고는 프락지관텔 6 mg/kg 1회 용량으로 완치되어 97.9% (46/47)의 치유율을 보임으로써 우수한 치료 효과를 나타내었다.

• 셀메드
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.9.1-9.4
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• 2019

Ayurveda is one of the ancient systems of traditional medicine in India, however, there is a lack of proper scientific research and controlled studies on efficacy and toxicity of several Ayurvedic formulations using the methods of modern science, which hinders the proper development of Ayurveda, both in India and abroad. The present study was undertaken to further corroborate the efficacy of some popular anthelmintic Ayurvedic medicines, as evident by the pharmacological effects of Ayurvedic formulations on body surface of a cestode parasite. This study employed a common intestinal cestode of domestic fowl, Raillietina sp., as a model parasite, that was exposed in vitro to different concentrations of three common Indian Ayurvedic anthelmintic drugs, namely Krimimudgar Ras, Kriminol and Vidangasava, and also to a modern anthelmintic drug, praziquantel (PZQ). After the paralysis of parasites, the specimens from the highest drug-treated concentration (50 mg/ml), praziquantel (1 mg/ml), and control groups, were collected and processed for scanning electron microscopic studies to document the effects of drugs on the body surface of parasite. In this study, maximum degree of alterations on parasite body surface was observed in the worms exposed to Krimimudgar Ras, indicating this drug to be highly efficacious against intestinal worms and brings out a transtegumental mode of action on parasite. In conclusion, the findings of present study suggest that of the three Ayurvedic formulations tested, Krimimudgar Ras possesses significant anthelmintic effects, which are mediated through parasite's body surface. Therefore, Krimimudgar Ras may be considered as a reliable anthelmintic Ayurvedic formulation, as validated through this study.

• 셀메드
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.15.1-15.5
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• 2018

Helminthiasis is one of the most common worm diseases which causes a range of adverse health problems in humans. Ayurveda is one of the most prominent and ancient systems of traditional medicines in India. Most Ayurvedic drugs used against intestinal helminths have been developed by traditional wisdom and therefore lack a proper validation through controlled studies. The aim of the present study was to scientifically validate the in vitro efficacy of three common Indian Ayurvedic anthelmintic drugs, viz. Krimimudgar Ras, Kriminol and Vidangasava in relation to the synthetic broad-spectrum anthelmintic drugs, praziquantel and albendazole. The in vitro testing of Ayurvedic anthelmintics was done against an intestinal cestode, Raillietina sp. and a nematode, Syphacia obvelata, employing 10 mg/ml, 30 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml concentrations of each medicine. The anthelmintic efficacy was judged on the basis of paralysis and mortality time of worms after exposing to these Ayurvedic drugs. Of the three tested Ayurvedic medicines, Krimimudgar ras (KR) showed the most prominent efficacy, against both the cestode and nematode parasites. At 50 mg/ml concentration, KR caused mortality of cestodes in $7.53{\pm}0.15hr$, and of nematodes in $7.61{\pm}0.19hr$. Vidangasava was found to be comparatively less effective against the tested helminth parasites. The results of this study indicate that Ayurvedic formulations do possess significant anthelmintic effects, however, an evidence-based research is required to validate all currently used Ayurvedic anthelmintics, using proper controlled studies.