• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.42-49
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• 2008

The most important job in the container terminal area is to handle the cargo effectively in the limited time. To achieve this object, many strategies have been introduced and applied to. If we consider the automated container terminal, it is necessary that the cargo handling equipments are equipped with more intelligent control systems. From the middle of the 1990's, an automated rail-mounted gantry crane(RMGC) and rubber-tired gantry crane(RTG) have been developed and widely used to handle containers in the yards. Recently, in these cranes, the many equipments like CCD cameras and sensors are mounted to cope with the automated terminal environment. In this paper, we try to support the development of more intelligent automated cranes which make the cargo handling be performed effectively in the yards. For this plant, the modelling, tracking control, anti-sway system design, skew motion suppressing and complicated motion control and suppressing problems must be considered. Especially, in this paper, the system modelling and tracking control approach are discussed. And, we design the tracking control system incorporating an observer based on the 2DOF servo system design approach to obtain the desired state informations. In the case of observer design, a weighted $H_{\infty}$ error bound approach for a state estimator is considered. Based on an algebraic Riccati equation(inequality) approach, a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a full-order estimator which satisfies the weighted $H_{\infty}$ error bound is introduced. Where, the condition for existence of the estimator is denoted by a Linear Matrix Inequality(LMI) which gives an optimized solution and observer gain. Based on this result, we apply it to the tracking control system design for the transfer crane.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.299-309
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• 2012

This paper introduces some of the developments related to the handling equipment in container terminals and various new conceptual handling systems that have been proposed during the last several decades. The basic ideas behind the previous equipment improvements are analyzed to identify future directions that can be used for devising new handling systems. The handling systems in the container terminals include a quayside handling system, transport system, and yard system. In response to the deployment of mega-sized vessels for container transportation systems, productivity improvement has become one of the most urgent issues in the container terminals. This paper analyzes the previous improvements made for achieving higher productivity in the three subsystems of container handling. Some conceptual handling systems are introduced including the linear motor conveyance system (LMCS), automated storage and retrieval systems (AR/RS), overhead grid rail (GRAIL), SPEEDPORT, SuperDock, the automated container system by ZPMC (ACS-ZPMC), and AUTOCON.

• IE interfaces
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.281-294
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• 2011

This paper considers the rail crane scheduling problem which is defined as determining the sequence of loading/unloading container on/from a freight train. The objective is to minimize the weighted sum of the range of order completion time and makespan. The range of order completion time implies the difference between the maximum of completion time and minimum of start time of each customer order consisting of jobs. Makespan refers to the time when all the jobs are completed. In a rail freight terminal, logistics firms as a customer wish to reduce the range of their order completion time. To develop a methodology for the crane scheduling, we formulate the problem as a mixed integer program and develop three metaheuristics, namely, genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, and tabu search. To validate the effectiveness of heuristic algorithms, computational experiments are done based on a set of real life data. Results of the experiments show that heuristic algorithms give good solutions for small-size and large-size problems in terms of solution quality and computation time.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.121-140
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to identify economic benefits for analyzing the future port and propose an appropriate estimation model. This research has conducted the empirical analysis in order to examine the developed research model. First of all, several existing economic benefits are reviewed and the list of benefits, are able to quantify and characterizable, is selected for the next step. We test the application possibility of the proposed model applying for the three suggestions(AS/RS, OSS, Sky Rail) which are based on "Development of Smart Green Container Terminal Technology." The results of this paper are as follows: Firstly, all of the alternatives are proved economic validation because the values of B/C analysis are over 1.0. Secondly, sensitive analysis is attempted to test unforeseeable circumstances based on the cost increases. The result of the test is identified economic validation as well. Lastly, we convince that the proposed research model in this study is particularly applicable to future container terminal so-called "eco-friendly and fully automated container terminal with high productivity."

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.175-181
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• 2010

The government have plans to improve the railway transport capacity and transport hub for the sustainable national transport and logistics system. Specially, there are much efforts to improve transportation capacity such as high speed transportation of rail freight, enlargement of BT train, development of double stack train, etc. between railway transport hubs. If the transport capacity between railway logistics hubs is increased as planned, we must increase the handling capacity of railway hub terminals. But there are limits to enlarge the terminal infrastructure because of investment scale, location circumstances and urban development plans. To ensure the capacity, with the minimum required enlargement of infrastructure, it is necessary to extremely increase the efficiency of terminal operations. For improving the efficiency, we have to introduce the efficient terminal operation systems based on u-IT and operation optimize technologies. In this paper, we analyse the issues and problems of railway terminals(including ICD) and suggest the concept of intelligent railway terminal and the construction components of technology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1479-1482
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• 2004

LMTT (Linear Motor-based Transfer Technology) is horizontal transfer system in the maritime container terminal for the port automation. The system is driven by PMLSM (Permanent Magnetic Linear Synchronous Motor) that is consists of stator modules on the rail and shuttle car. This paper investigates the effect of the drop height of container on impact reaction force of the Impact Absorber (IA) in shuttle car for LMTT. The results of this investigation are obtained from detailed finite element analysis for various parameters, such as the spring coefficient, the drop height of container.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-20
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• 1990

The Port of Pusan, the largest port in Korea, handled 23% of total sea borne cargo movement, 14% of imported cargo, 58% of exported cargo and 95% of container cargo in 1989. Also the port of Pusan has been played a key role in handing container cargo throughout the last 10 years. The paper is aimed to survey the effect of sea borne cargo movement to urban transportation, that is, to find traffic volume arising by general/bulk cargoes through the port and to estimate vehicle rated of container tractor tailer on the roads between terminal including conventional piers and ODCY, and finally the following results are obtained. (1) AADV of truck to transport general/bulk cargoes are 6,322 units in 1989,and routes penetrate into the center of city and pass through the most of urban arterials. (2) In the container transport, if HVEF is adopted to 3 of tractor trailer, AVR in each transport freeway 13.7%. (3) IF HVEF is adopted to 6 of tractor trailer. AVR are as follows: BooDoo-Ro 44.1%, WooAm-Ro 39.3%, SooYoung-Ro 17.8%, Urban freeway 20.3%. Based upon these results, the following suggestions were drawn : o ODCY scattered around the city should be unified in a few groups to raise port productivity. o Rail service for inland container transportation should be escalated to relieve urban traffic congestion. o Coastal feeder service between terminal and hinterland should be studied to restrict the penetration of container tractor trailer into the central parts in the urban areas. o Exclusive freeway system for effective container transportation should be implemented to reduce urban traffic delay.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.399-400
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• 2006

LMTT(Linear Motor based Transfer Technology) is a new type of transfer system used in the maritime container terminal fur the port automation, and largely consists of a controller, shuttle car, and rail. The shuttle car is divided into the frame part, the driving part, and wheels. In order to design this system, various researches on each part of it must be conducted. In this study, we dealt with the optimum design for the frame part of the shuttle car designed from previous studies on the strength of the frame with respect to the number of cross beams to minimize the weight of the shuttle car and to satisfy design criteria of cargo-handling systems in container terminal. For the optimization of the frame, thicknesses of each beam were adopted as design variables, the weight of the frame as objective function, and stress and deflection per unit length as constraint condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.321-324
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• 2006

LMTT(Linear Motor based Transfer Technology) is a new type of transfer system used in the maritime container terminal for the port automation, and largely consists of a controller, shuttle car, and rail. The shuttle car is divided into the frame part, the driving part, and wheels. In order to design this system, various researches on each part of it must be conducted. In this study, we dealt with the optimum design for the mover of the shuttle car designed from previous studies on the strength of the frame with respect to the number of cross beams to minimize the weight of the shuttle car and to satisfy design criteria of cargo-handling systems in container terminal. For the optimization of the mover, thicknesses of each beam were adopted as design variables, the weight of the frame as objective function, and stress and deflection per unit length as constraint condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.515-520
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• 2002

Automatic Transfer Crane is needed for automation of container terminal. It requires the control capability of exact position for loading/unloading job in yard. But it has the limitation of improvement because it has the operational environmental and its structural problems. It has the positioning errors caused by the deformation of rail, yawing motion of crane, wear of wheel, sliding motion between wheel and rail and so on. This study shows the calibration method of crane position by using the primitivity sensor and calibrating plate fixed on the ground.