• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.29-36
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• 2022

Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility for the treatment of hypertension of herbal medicines belong to Umbelliferae family. Methods : Domestic and international articles about Herbology were investigated. A review was performed via the database (DB) search engines such as Pubmed, Korean studies Information Service System (KISS), KoreaScience, and Google Scholar. Hypertension-related terms including "vasorelaxation", "vasorelaxant", "vasodilation", "vasodilatory", "vasodilative", "hypotension", and "hypotensive" were performed as search terms. Results : A list was made about herbal medicines and origin plants belonging to the Umbelliferae family in Korean Pharmacopoeia 12 and Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia. 14 herbal medicine and 22 origin plants were searched. Ostericum koreanum root and rhizome, Notopterygium incisum root and rhizome, N. forbesii root and rhizome, Ligusticum tenuissimum root and rhizome, L. jeholense root and rhizome, Angelica gigas root, A. dahurica root, A. dahurica var. formosana root, Bupleurum falcatum root, Peucedanum japonicum root, P. praeruptorum root, A. decursiva root, Cnidium officinale rhizome, L. chuanxiong rhizome, Foeniculum vulgare fruit, and Ferula assa-foetida resin and stem showed significant vasorelaxant or hypotensive effects. Conclusion : These review results showed that Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma, Ligustici Tenuissimi Rhizoma et Radix, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Bupleuri Radix, Peucedani Japonici Radix, Peucedani Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Foeniculi Fructus, and Ferulae Resina had vasorelaxant or hypotensive effects. The results are expected as basic data in clinical trials and experimental researches for the treatment of hypertension of herbal medicines.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1117-1122
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• 2004

We compared with heavy metal concentration of herbal medicines in products of Gyeongbuk and the other area of Korea. The concentration of heavy metal were studied for the estimation of quality in herbal medicines which is Bupleuri Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma and Astragali Radix in products of north Gyeongbuk area. The average levels of heavy metal of herbal medicines in Gyeongbuk area are as follows : Mercury is 0.037mg/kg, Chromium is 0.093mg/kg, Nickel is 0.108mg/kg, Copper is 0.475mg/kg, Zinc is 3.14mg/kg, Manganese is 1.52mg/kg, Iron is 7.83mg/kg, and Cadmium, Lead and Arsenic is not detected. It was very lower in concentrations than those of average Korea area. Therefore, Gyeongbuk area appear to be more proper to cultivated land than other area.. Minerals such as Ca and K were extracted more than Na and P in herbal medicines products of Gyeongbuk respectively. Minerals and heavy metal concentrations distributed in herbal medicines were analyzed. Little or no relationship was observed between minerals and heavy metals.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.179-214
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• 1999

The result were as follows: 1. Yu Wan So(劉完素) regarded the cause of surgical disease as the heat(熱). He used the three method to drain(疏通), promoting pus drainage(托裏) and the balance between ying-energy(營氣) and wei-energy(衛氣). 2. Jang Jong Jeung(張從正) only refered to medicines without entire theory. 3. Lee Dong Won(李東垣) regarded the cause of surgical disease as the greasy diet(膏梁厚味), damp air(濕氣), wetness heat(濕熱). For each treatment he used the method of Yu Wan So's treatment and emphasized the balance between ying-energy(營氣) and wei-energy(衛氣), stomach energy(胃氣). 4. Ju Jin Heung(朱震亨) distinguished the cause of surgical disease from enternal(內), external(外) and channel(經). For each treatment he used the method to drain(疏通), promoting pus drainage(托裏) and the balance between ying-energy(營氣) and wei-energy(衛氣). The first stage used the clearing away heat and toxic materials(淸熱解毒) and the last stage used the invigoration and dispersion(補托). 5. Yu Wan So(劉完素) used to be very busy of Moschus(麝香), Alumen(白礬), Olibanum(乳香), Coptidis Rhizoma(黃連), Minium(黃丹) and Scutel1ariae Radix(黃芩) In classification of the medical action, great part of the medicine are activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis(活血祛瘀), clearing away heat and toxic materials( 淸熱解毒) and external application(外用). 6. Jang Jong Jeung(張從正) used to be very busy of Olibanum(乳香), Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸), Minium(黃丹), Myrrha(沒藥), Calomelas(輕粉), Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma(大黃) and Phellodendri Cortex(黃柏). In classification of the medical action, great part of the medicine arc activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis(活血祛瘀), clearing away heat and toxic materials(淸熱解毒) and diverged wind-cold evil(發散風寒). 7. Lee Dong Won(李東垣) used to be very busy of Forsythiae Fructus(連翹), Scuteliariae Radix(黃芩), Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸). Astragali Radix(황기), Glycyrrhizae Radix(炙甘草), Bupleuri Radix(紫胡), Phellodendri Cortcx(黃柏), and Coptidis Rhizoma(黃連). In classification of the medical action, great part of the medicine are activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis(活血祛瘀), regulating vital energy(理氣) and clearing away heat and toxic materials(淸熱解毒). 8. Ju Jin Heung(朱震亨) used to be very busy of Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草), Astragali Radix(황기), Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸), Phellodendri Cortex(黃柏), Scutellariae Radix(黃芩), Ginseng Radix(人蔘), Qlibanum(乳香). In classification of the medical action, great part of the medicine are clearing away heat and toxic materiaIs(淸熱解毒), activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis(活血祛瘀) and diverged wind-cold evil(發散風寒).

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.48-63
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was performed to review the recent clinical research trends of the effects of herbal medicine treatment on chronic pancreatitis in China. Methods: We searched for clinical studies about chronic pancreatitis from the China Academic Journal (CAJ) of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from January 1, 2005, to August 1, 2016. Results: Thirty-seven papers were selected from 126 studies. The most commonly used herbal prescriptions included Bupleuri Radix (柴胡), Paeoniae Radix Alba (白芍藥), Glycyrrhizae Radix (甘草), Scutellariae Radix (黃芩), Aucklandiae Radix (木香), and Rhei Rhizoma (大黃). Qingyi-tang (淸胰湯) was the most frequently used herbal prescription. Clinical symptoms, physicochemical examination, radiological examination, and relapse were used to evaluate the treatments. The effective treatment rate was 77.5-100%, and effectiveness in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group in 15 papers (p<0.05). Conclusions: Herbal medicine treatment has been shown as an effective treatment for chronic pancreatitis. In the future, more scientifically designed clinical studies should be performed to prove the effectiveness of herbal medicine treatment on chronic pancreatitis. These research results can be utilized in other clinical studies and in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.115-128
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• 2003

Bojungikgitang is the water extracts prepared from Ginseng Radix, Astragali Radix, Angelicae gigantis Radix, Astractylodis Rhizoma alba, Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Bupleuri Radix, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, which has been used for the treatment of indigestion, and immunological disease in oriental countries. In this study, the effects of Bojungikgitang on the productions of nitiric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were examined using RAW 264.7 macrophages activated with $interferon-{\gamma}\;(IFN-{\gamma})$ plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bojungikgitang (10-400 ${\mu}$g/ml) per se had no cytotoxic effect in unstimulated macrophages, but this compound dose-dependently reduced the release of NO and $PGE_2$ caused by stimulation of $LPS/IFN-{\gamma}$. The levels of iNOS and COX-2 protein were markedly suppressed by the treatment with Bojungikgitang in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, Bojungikgitang also attenuated the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (1L)-1${\beta}$ and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. These results suggest that Bojungikgitang decreases the NO and $PGE_2$ production in macrophages by inhibiting iNOS and COX-2 expression and these properties may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of Bojungikgitang.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.69-94
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• 1996

The main purpose of this work is comparing the difference between Soumin Bojungyikgitang of constitutional medicine and Li Dongyuan's Bojungyikgitang Bojungyikgitang, the prescription originated from the Pi-Wei theory(脾胃論) of Li Dongyuan who was a medical man in the Jin Yuan dynasty, had been used widely for many kinds of disease caused by the singking of the qi of middle energizer due to the weakness of the spleen and stomach. But in the singking of the qi of middle energizer due to the weakness of the spleen and stomach. But in the end of Choseon dynasty Li Je Ma, the creator of the constitutional medicine, modified the Bojungyikgitang and applied to Soumin's disease. In this paper, the difference between the two prescription were investigated from the viewpoint of chinese herb pharmacology and purpose of prescription. Additionally the problems which could be brought out by applying Bojungyikgitang to the Soyangin and the Taeumin were studied. And the conclusion could be summarized as follows: 1. The prescription of the Li Dongyuan's Bojungyikgitang is based on the deficiency of vital energy due to internal damage and the Soumin Bojungyikgitang is useful to only a certain stage of progressing disease on the basis of Shanghanlun(傷寒論). 2. In the Li Dongyuan's Bojungyikgitang, Cimicifugae Rhizoma and Bupleuri Radix were used for emphasizing the ascending action and have the antipyretic action and the effect of elavating of yangqi as they are bitter in taste and cold in nature. 3. In the Soumin Bojungyikgitang, Pogostemonis Herba and Perillae Folium have the ascending-descending action and strengthen the stomach with the effect of mild sweating by pungent taste and warm nature. 4. The effect of elavating of yangqi in the Li Dongyuan's Bojungyikgitang offers the pathway where vital qi go up by eleminating the pathogenic fire with the action of Cimicifugae Rhizoma and Bupleuri Radix in the triple energizer and yangming muscular striae. On the other hand, the Soumin Bojungyikgitang depends on the effect of reinforcing qi and elavating yangqi by Astrgalli Radix entirely and supply vital qi by reinforcing yangqi with Ginseng Rsdix. 5. The exahausion of yin(亡陰證) in the Soyangin exterior syndrome and cold limbs(寒厥證) in Taeumin exterior syndrome are similar to the indication of Li Dongyuan's Bojungyikgitang. As the causes of the disease are fundamentally different in the view of constitutional medicine, the diseases could be aggravated by applying Li's Bojungyikgitang. These results suggest that Li Dongyuan's Bojungyikgitang is proper to the exterior syndrome of Soumin and Soumin Bojungyikgitang seems to be appropriate to the Soumin's disease.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.143-156
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• 2001

Modulatory effect of cAMP-PKA system on inhibitory- and excitatory herbs-induced ion currents were investigated by nystatin-perforated patch clamp method under voltage-clamp condition. Ion currents induced by Bupleuri radix and Coptidis rhizoma were not affected by cAMP-PKA system. Ion current induced by Ecliptae herba was partially inhibited by cAMP-PKA system. Ion currents induced by Aconiti tuber and Boshniakiae herba were inhibitory modulated and ion current induced by Zingiberis rhizoma was excitatory modulated by cAMP-PKA system. Modulation of cAMP-PKA system on ion currents induced by Ginseng radix was fluctuated. In this results, it can be seen generally that excitatory herbs-induced ion currents were modulated by cAMP-PKA system while cAMP-PKA system did not affect inhibitory herbs-induced ion currents.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.205-210
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• 1974

Four kinds of Bupleuri Radix, namely 'Dang shiho', 'Won shiho', 'Shik shiho' and 'Jook shiho', are currently used in the market of Korea. It is thought that 'Dang shiho' is the root of Bupleurum falcatum and B. scorzoneraefolium. It was also reported that 'Won shiho' and 'Shik shiho' are the root of B. falcatum. Since 'Jook shiho' which is widely used in the market and even exported, has not been clarified as to the origin of the plant and the chemical components, the author obtained some results by this study, the summaries of which are as following: 1. The results of microscopical examination of 'Jook shiho' and 'Kae shiho' were entirely identical and the TLC patterns were coincided as well. It was therefore definitely clarified that the origin of 'Jook shiho' is Bupleurum longe-radiatum. 2. The TLC patterns of 'Won shiho', 'Jook shiho' and 'Kae shiho' which are belonging to the same family and the same genus, appeared identical, and reveal the similarity of the chemical constituents and thereby strongly support the fact that 'Jook shiho' can be used for the same purpose as 'Won shiho'.

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.55-55
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• 2003

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 1998

High titer rabbit polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) which show a specificity for saikosaponin a (SSA), have been generated. The immunogen used was a conjugate of SSA linked through its glucose moiety to bovine serum albumin by periodate oxidation method. The antibody titers obtained from two rabbits, innoculated with the immunogen, reached a plateau after the fourth and third booster injection, respectively. The specificity of the pAbs was determined by hapten inhibition assays using several SSA-like structures. SSA competitively inhibited the binding of the rabbit anti-SSA pAbs to SSA-ovalbumin on solid phase, a coated antigen on the well. The antibodies showed high specificity to SSA, exhibiting no significant cross-reactivity with any of SSA analogues tested.