• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2006

Infectious and inflammatory bone diseases include a wide range of disease process, depending on the patient's age, location of infection, various causative organisms, duration from symtom onset, accompanied fracture or prior surgery, prosthesis insertion, and underlying systemic disease such as diabetes, etc. Bone infection may induce massive destruction of bones and joints, results in functional reduction and disability. The key to successful management is early diagnosis and proper treatment. Various radionuclide imaging methods including three phase bone scan, Ga-67 scan, WBC scan, and combined imaging techniques such as bone/Ga-67 scan, WBC/bone marrow scan add complementary role to the radiologic imaging modalities including plain radiography, CT and MRI. F-18 FDG PET imaging also has recently been introduced in diagnosis of infected prosthesis and chronic active osteomyelitis. Selection of proper nuclear medicine imaging method will improve the diagnostic accuracy of infections and inflammatory bone diseases, based on understading of pathogenesis and radiologic imaging findings.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.103-106
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• 2002

Specific diagnosis of orthopedic disease can be diffcult in canine practice. Failure to detect the clinical signs of a disorder during physical examination of dogs with acute or chronic lameness is the most common reason for failure to make specific diagnosis. A 6-month-old, female doberman with history of swelling and non-weight-bearing lameness in the left forelimb was referred to Beterinary Teaching Hospital of Chungbuk National University. Physical examination, plain radiography, and conventional three-phase radionuclide bone scan were performed in the patient. Based on the physical exam and radiography, this case was diagnosed as elbow strain and subluxation. Conventional three-phase bone scan detected soft tissue inflammation and osteochondral lesions of elbow joint, and revealed good agreement with clinical findings. Therefore, conventional three-phase bone scan was able to provide the precise information about inflammation of soft tissue and osteochondral lesions of joint.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제22권1호통권176호
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• pp.37-48
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• 1984

Clinical assessment of bone-graft healing in the maxillofacial region is generally limited to clinical evaluation, radiographs, and biopsy. Sequential interpretation of osseous repair, more sensitive than with conventional radiography is possible with a non-invasive, non-destructive radionuclide method. Technetium-99m radionuclide bone scan was used in the evaluation of the progress of osteogenic activity in autologous iliac bone graft and freeze-dried bone allograft of dog's mandible. Bone scan was performed at 1wk, 2wk, 4wk, 6wk, and 8wk after grafting. In autologous graft the activity ratio for the graft bone remained greater than that of the host since 2자 after grafting; however, in lyophilized allograft the activity ratio for graft bone was greater than that of the host at 6자 after grafting.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.105-107
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• 1985

It is very difficult to check the severity and clinical course of the toxicity in snake bite patients by virtes of clinical manifestation and laboratory tests. And we observed the. findings of bone scan with 99mTc-MDP in two snake bite patients. First patient was bitten in the right ankle with local pain and swelling. The finding of bone scan of him was increased uptake of radionuclide in the soft tissue of right leg and thigh. Others were normal findings. Second patient was bitten in the right hand. But his symptom was severe and he complained local pain and swelling, nausea, blurred vision, and oliguria. The bone scan findings of second patient was; Increased uptake of radionuclide in the soft tissue of whole body. Decreased uptake in the bone tissue. Renal outline was not delineated. Follow up study 10 days after, revealed more improved findings in the scan.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 1986

Recently, radionuclide angiocardiogram is one of the most common procedure for assessment of ventricular performance due to its distinctive advantages such as safety, accuracy, and ease of repeated studies. Also, measurement and comparison between pre and postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] are meaningful for assessing the severity of myocardial damage which occurred during open heart surgery and the status of myocardial recovery. We obtained pre and post operative LVEF using radionuclide angiocardiogram on 30 patients composed of atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, cyanotic congenital heart disease, and valvular heart disease who undergone the open heart surgery from March to august 1984. The study revealed that ventricular septal defect and mitral valvular heart disease showed 8.1% and 6.2% decreases of postoperative LVEF, respectively. But, there are little increases of postoperative LVEF in the atrial septal defect and cyanotic congenital heart disease. In ventricular septal defect, each group of Qp/Qs over 2.0 and systolic pulmonary artery pressure over 50mmHg showed significant 17% and 14.7% decreases of postoperative LVEF, respectively. Considering the duration of the aortic cross clamping times and closing methods of VSD, each group of duration over 30 min. and of patch closure showed 13.9% and 14.2% decreases of LVEF between pre and postoperative status respectively which was significant finding statistically.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한핵의학회 1991년도 제30차 춘계학술대회
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• pp.153.2-153.2
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• 1991

• 핵의학기술
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2012

단 반감기 핵종을 이용한 PET검사는 방사성동위원소의 빠른 물리적 붕괴로 인하여 영상 획득을 위한 계수검출이 제한적이다. 이러한 이유로 비교적 낮은 감도의 검사에서는 보다 정확한 정량적 평가를 위하여 긴 시간동안 영상 획득을 적용하기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 $^{11}C$와 $^{18}F$를 이용한 PET 검사 시 영상 획득 시간에 따른 차이를 평가하여 합리적인 영상 획득 시간에 관하여 알아보고자 한다. 1994 NEMA Phantom에 $^{11}C$은 $30.08{\pm}4.22MBq$, $^{18}F$은 $40.08{\pm}8.29MBq$을 증류수에 희석하여 채운 후 $^{11}C$은 동적영상 1분씩 20회, 정적 영상 20분, $^{18}F$은 동적영상 2분30초씩 20회, 정적영상 50분을 획득하였다. 모든 데이터는 동일한 재구성법을 적용하였으며, 시간의 경과에 따른 붕괴보정을 적용하였다. 방출영상에 관심영역을 설정하고 최대 방사능 농도값(kBq/mL)을 비교하였으며, 각각의 동적영상을 영상 획득 시간의 증가에 따라 1개씩 증가시켜 영상 합산(Image summation) 후 영상의 관심 영역 내에서의 최대 방사능 농도값(kBq/mL)을 평가하였다. $^{11}C$ 동적영상의 시간 경과에 따른 최대 방사능 농도값은 $3.85{\pm}0.45{\sim}5.15{\pm}0.50kBq/mL$, 정적영상은 $2.15{\pm}0.26kBq/mL$였다. $^{18}F$ 동적영상은 $9.09{\pm}0.42{\sim}9.48{\pm}0.31kBq/mL$, 정적영상은 $7.24{\pm}0.14kBq/mL$였다. $^{11}C$의 동적영상 합산에서 영상 획득 시간의 합이 5, 10, 15, 20분으로 증가할수록 $2.47{\pm}0.4$, $2.22{\pm}0.37$, $2.08{\pm}0.42$, $1.95{\pm}0.55kBq/mL$으로 감소하였으며, $^{18}F$의 경우 합산된 영상 획득 시간의 합이 12분 30초, 25분, 37분 30초, 50분으로 증가할수록 $7.89{\pm}0.27$, $7.61{\pm}0.23$, $7.36{\pm}0.21$, $7.31{\pm}0.23kBq/mL$으로 감소하였다. 영상의 질을 평가 하는 SNR에서는 $^{11}C$과 $^{18}F$ 모두 동적영상획득 방법에서는 주사 후 시간이 흐를수록 SNR가 저하 되었으나, 영상 합산획득 방법에서는 합산 횟수가 증가 할수록 SNR가 향상 되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 동적영상에서 시간 경과에 따른 최대 방사능 농도값은 $^{11}C$과 $^{18}F$에서 증가하였고, 동적영상 합산의 경우는 합산수가 증가함에 따라 최대 방사능 농도값은 $^{11}C$과 $^{18}F$ 감소함을 보였다. $^{18}F$을 이용할 경우에는 시간 경과에 따른 정량평가의 오차를 크게 고려하지 않아도 될 것으로 사료되고, $^{11}C$를 이용한 PET 검사는 시간경과에 따른 감쇠 보정의 오차를 감안하여 추가의 감쇠 보정법을 적용하거나 30%정도의 오차를 적용하여 정적영상 획득시간을 반감기의 25% 이내인 5분 내외로 설정해야 할 것이다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.186-191
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• 1991

Radionuclide cardiac studies lend themselves exceptionally well to functional imaging. This is especially true for gated blood pool scan (GBP). Making functional images is also possible in radionuclide angiocardiography (RNAC). In this study we tried to validate the functional images obtained from RNAC by comparing it with GBP. Twenty three patients (16 patients with coronary artery diseases, 5 with hypertensive heart diseases, and 2 with nonspecific chest pains) underwent simultaneous RNAC and GBP at the same position (LAO $45^{\circ}$). From both studies, global ejection fraction, regional ejection fraction, phase image, amplitude image, stroke image, paradox image, maximum ejection and maximum filling rates were obtained. Global ejection fraction are almost same in both studies. Regional ejection fractions of apex and inferior portion of left ventricle calculated from RNAC are well correlated with those of GBP. Phase and paradox image, maximum ejection and maximum filling rates were obtained. Global ejection fraction are almost same in both studies. Regional ejection fractions of apex and inferior portion of left ventricle calculated from RNAC are well correlated with those of GBP. Phase and paradox images of RNAC are very similar to those of GBP. However, amplitude and stroke images are different. Regional ejection fractions of the left ventricular base, maximum ejection and maximum filling rates obtained from RNAC are significantly different from those of GBP. In conclusion, albeit all of functional images of RNAC is not same as GBP, regional walt motions and global left ventricular function are expected to be successfully analyzed by phase and paradox image and ejection fraction.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 1986

Thyroid scans using $Na^{131}I\;and\;^{99m}TcO_4^-$ in two (anterior and anterior oblique) projections were done simultaneously in 50 patients with single palpable nodule and in euthyroid state(nodular nontoxic goiter) and 20 normal subjects to evaluate the imaging ability of each radionuclide and the necessity of oblique view. In detection of a nodule as a cold or cool area, $^{99m}TcO_4^-$ was slightly superior to $^{131}I$(82 % to 78% with anterior view alone, 92% to 84% when oblique view is added in detectability), with addition of an oblique view, 5 more cold or cool area in $^{99m}Tc$ scan and 3 more $^{131}I$ scan were detected. In normal subjects $^{99m}TcO_4^-$ scan was significantly superior to $^{131}I$ scan(90% to 70%) in getting normal pattern of tracer uptake in the glands. For routine imaging study of the thyroid, $^{99m}Tc$ pertechnetate scan with multiple projection is considered to be a preferable method.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.377-383
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• 1994

완전 치유되었던 골임파종 환자에서 치료효과를 판정하기 위해 치료후 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP 스캔과 $^{67}Ga$ 스캔으로 추적검사한 35례를 후향적으로 분석하였다. $^{99m}Tc$-MDP 스캔은 35례중 29례에서 치료중, 33례에서 치료후 추적검사하였고, $^{67}Ga$ 스캔은 16 례중 13례에서 치료중, 15례에서 치료후 추적검사를 하였다. 핵의학적검사의 병적섭취농도의 분류는 4단계로 나누었는데 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP 스캔의 경우 정상 천장골관절 섭취농도와 같은 병변의 섭취농도를 3으로, $^{67}Ga$ 스캔의 경우 정상간의 섭취농도와 같은 병변의 섭취농도를 3으로 기준하였다. 치료중과 치료후 치료효과를 나타내는 소견은 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP 스캔의 경우 각각 66.0%(19/29), 72.7%(24/33)였으며 $^{67}Ga$ 스캔의 경우 각각 84.6%(l1/13), 86.7%(13/15)였다. 치료전, 치료중, 치료후의 병변 섭취농도는 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP 스캔의 경우 각각 3.06, 2.34, 1.75였으며, $^{67}Ga$ 스캔의 경우 각각 3.22, 1.42, 1.30이었다. 따라서 골임파종에서 치료효과를 판정하는 추적검사로는 $^{67}Ga$ 스캔이 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP 골 스캔보다 더 예민한 결과를 나타내었다.