• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.419-426
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• 2021

Purpose: In the surgical treatment of pyogenic lumbar spondylodiscitis, screw insertion at the affected vertebra has been avoided because of biofilm formation, and the risk of infection recurrence. The authors analyzed the success rate of infection treatment while minimizing the number of instrumented segments by inserting pedicle screws into the affected vertebrae. Therefore, this study examined the usefulness of this technique. Materials and Methods: From January 2000 to June 2018, among patients with pyogenic lumbar spondylodiscitis treated surgically, group A consisted of patients with pedicle screws inserted directly at the affected vertebrae (28 cases), and group B underwent fusion by inserting screws at the adjacent normal vertebrae due to bone destruction of the affected vertebral pedicle (20 cases). The classified clinical results were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were treated via the posterior-only approach, so the affected disc and sequestrum were removed. Posterior interbody fusion was performed with an autogenous strut bone graft, and the segments were then stabilized with pedicle screw systems. The hospitalization period, operation time, amount of blood loss, EQ-5D index, duration of intravenous antibiotics, and the clinical and radiological results were analyzed. Results: In group A, the number of instrumented segments, operation time, blood loss, and EQ-5D index at one month postoperatively showed significant improvement compared to group B. There were no significant differences in the duration of antibiotic use, hospitalization, radiological bone union time, sagittal angle correction rate, and recurrence rate. Conclusion: Minimal segmental fixation, in which pedicle screws were inserted directly into the affected vertebrae through the posterior approach, reduced the surgery time and blood loss, preserved the lumbar motion by minimizing fixed segments and showed rapid recovery without spreading or recurrence of infection. Therefore, this procedure recommended for the surgical treatment of lumbar pyogenic spondyodiscitis.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 1988

A retrospective analysis was peformed on 23 patients with pineal region tumors treated with radiation from 1979 through 1985 at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital. Histologic confirmation was done in only one case by surgical removal, and in the remaining 22 patients, the diagnosis was based on clinical and radiological findings. The radiation volume was the primary tumor site in 1 case, whole brain in 14 cases, and the whole craniospinal axis En 8 cases. The overall 5 year survival was $71.5\%$. The 5 year survival was $69.3\%$ for whole brain treated group and $73.3\%$ for craniospinal axis treated group. The survival for the two groups did not differ significantly. In two cases sites of recurrence were detected, one in supratentorial area, and the other in the lung. The results from this retrospective analysis and the review of other reports indicate that routine use of prophylactic spinal irradiation is not warranted in pineal region tumor, and the craniospinal irradiation is recommended in cases with high risk for subarachnoid seeding such as positive CSF cytology, surgical removal or biopsy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.955-960
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• 2019

The Computed tomography (CT) scan can have high radiation in a few tests, and this risk is significant given that it is often repeated in one patient. In children, the incidence of radiation-induced cancer is reported because organs are growing, are more sensitive to radiation. 3D printing has recently been studied to be applied to various applications as a research field for 3D printing applications, research on fabrication of radiation shields and materials has been conducted. The purpose of the 3D printer is to replace the existing panel-type shields and to make customized designs according to the shape of the human body. Therefore, research on 3D information processing to be input to the 3D printer is also necessary. In this study, 3D data of the human body surface, which is the preliminary step of the manufacture of patient-specific eye shield using stereo vision depth map technology, was studied. This study aims to increase the possibility of three-dimensional output. As a result of experimenting with this method, which is relatively simple compared with other methods of 3D information processing, the minimum coordinates for 3D information are extracted. The results of this study provided the advantages and limitations of stereo images using natural light and will be the basic data for the manufacture of eye shields in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.433-442
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• 2020

This study established the relationship between job stress and burn-out syndrome of firefighters. The research targets were 582 firefighters who worked at five fire stations in the D metropolitan city. The survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire during the period from July 1st 2019 to September 30, 2019. On the correlation analysis, burn-out showed a significant positive correlation with job stress. On the results of the logistic regression anaylsis, the risk ratio of high levels of burn-out was significantly higher in the very high stress groups than that in the groups with low job stress. According to the multiple regression analysis, the factors having an influence on burn-out were gender, age, the specific level of job career, shift work, the physical burden of work, the sense of satisfaction with the work, consideration for quitting the job and job stress. These findings suggest that the job stress of firefighters is closely related to burn-out. This demands the development and implementation of programs that can properly control and curb the factors of job-stress.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1601-1607
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• 2013

A determination of circulating tumor cell (CTC) effectiveness for prediction of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was conducted as an adjunct to standard treatment of care in breast cancer management. Between November 2008 and March 2009, 22 metastatic and 12 early stage breast carcinoma patients, admitted to Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, were included in this prospective trial. Patients' characteristics, treatment schedules and survival data were evaluated. CTC was detected twice by CellSearch method before and 9-12 weeks after the initiation of chemotherapy. A cut-off value equal or greater than 5 cells per 7.5 ml blood sample was considered positive. All patients were female. Median ages were 48.0 (range: 29-65) and 52.5 (range: 35-66) in early stage and metastatic subgroups, respectively. CTC was positive in 3 (13.6%) patients before chemotherapy and 6 (27.3%) patients during chemotherapy in the metastatic subgroup whereas positive in only one patient in the early stage subgroup before and during chemotherapy. The median follow-up was 22.0 (range: 21-23) and 19.0 (range: 5-23) months in the early stage and metastatic groups, respectively. In the metastatic group, both median PFS and OS were significantly shorter in any time CTC positive patients compared to CTC negative patients (PFS: 4.0 vs 14.0 months, Log-Rank p=0.013; and OS: 8.0 months vs. 20.5 months, Log-Rank p<0.001). OS was affected from multiple visceral metastatic sites (p=0.055) and higher grade (p=0.044) besides CTC positivity (log rank p<0.001). Radiological response of chemotherapy was also correlated with better survival (p<0.001). As a result, CTC positivity was confirmed as a prospective marker even in a small patient population, in this single center study. Measurement of CTC by CellSearch method in metastatic breast carcinoma cases may allow indications of early risk of relapse or death with even as few as two measurements during a chemotherapy program, but this finding should be confirmed with prospective trials in larger study populations.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.131-145
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• 2019

Korea has set up a radiation emergency planning zone based on the 「Act on Physical Protection and Radiological Emergency」 to protect residents living near nuclear power plants in the event of nuclear disasters. Little research has been conducted on the appropriateness of existing nuclear evacuation facilities because of a general lack of interest in nuclear accidents. This research addresses this gap by analyzing the location adequacy of evacuation facilities in Busan's emergency protection planning area based on vulnerable populations and accessibility analyses. The Gijang-gun which has the greatest risk, shows that only 4.05% of the total urban area was included in the evacuation service area within 5 minutes while only 36.93% of Geumjeong-gu and 37.23% of Haeundae-gu were included in the evacuation-enabled area. In addition, evaluation facilities in the elderly population hotspots were lacking, and there was a wide gap between dongs within the same Gu. Thus, additional evacuation facilities need to be designated and installed considering the spatial equity between areas and safety of both the public and vulnerable populations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.401-408
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is confirmed to usefulness between division exam and combine exam of chest and abdomen according to comparing chest and abdomen radiation dose of division exam and combine exam in CT exam method. This study was conducted on patients who were admitted to the E hospital from July 2013 to March 2014 underwent CT studies for the diagnosis of chest and abdomen disease. In study result, male dose were more higher than female dose according to gender analysis of exposure dose that combine exam effective dose were male $33.10{\pm}2.75mSv$, female $31.66{\pm}3.12mSv$ and chest exam effective dose were male $9.07{\pm}2.62mSv$, female $8.30{\pm}2.18mSv$(p<0.05). And, division exam dose and combine exam dose were similar in gender comparison (p>0.05). And, combine exam effective dose, only chest exam effective dose, only abdomen exam effective dose were more higher than DRL(Diagnostic Reference Level) in comparison of patient exposure dose with DRL (p<0.05). In conclusion, chest-abdomen combine exam dose and division exam dose were similar. The chest-abdomen combine study can be used as follow-up and emergency trauma patients. That study will be reduce exam time and the occurrence risk of side effect of the contrast medium.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2009

Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous chondroplasia, characterized by delayed development of the ossification centers and, deformities of the extremities that involve only the epiphysis and result in mild short stature. Mutations in the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) gene are most commonly found, and most of the mutations are located in the calmodulin-like repeats and the C-terminal domain. We report a Korean kindred of 12 family members with MED in four generations who were found to have a novel mutation in the COMP gene. A pedigree showed early onset osteoarthritis requiring arthroplasty that was an autosomal dominant inherited trait. Radiological examinations demonstrated the presence of osteochondral defects in the medial femoral condyles, and the knee and hip joints showed variable degrees of precocious degenerative changes. Mutation analysis of the COMP gene in the proband and five other affected family members identified a novel missense mutation, c.1280G>C (p.Gly427Ala) in exon 12, which was not found in three unaffected family members. Direct sequencing of the COMP gene may yield pathogenic mutations in dominantly inherited MED cases, and may provide opportunities of carrier detection among high-risk family members, leading to genetic counseling for early diagnosis and intervention before the onset of complications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2016

The goal of this study is to investigate corpus callosum and both internal capsule changes with the internet addiction disorder compared to control group using MR diffusion tensor imaging. A total of 22 teenager volunteers who had 10 high-risk group with internet addiction and 12 normal control group were conducted for this study. Imaging was conducted on a 3 T using a EPI sequence. Image evaluation was analysed of the FA, ADC($10^{-3}mm^2/s$), length(mm). We did select ROI for image tracking on corpus callosum of 5 and including 2(internal capsule). The data from these ROIs were compared statistically among the groups using independent t-test, correlation coefficient. There were significant inter-group differences(p<0.05) among FA, ADC($10^{-3}mm^2/s$) and length(mm). And also significantly negative correlations were fond between FA values of corpus callosum and IAD scale(p=0.000). DTI was shown significant changes of FA and ADC, LNF values in IAD compared to control group. Therefore, our results may provided clinical information for brain wite matter functions.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.114-129
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this paper is to confirm the event timings and the magnitude of fission product aerosol release from the Fukushima accident. Over a few hundreds of technical papers have been published on the environmental impact of Fukushima Daiichi accident since the accident occurred on March 11, 2011. However, most of the research used reverse or inverse method based on the monitoring of activities in the remote places and only few papers attempted to estimate the release of fission products from individual reactor core or from individual spent fuel pool. Severe accident analysis code can be used to estimate the radioactive release from which reactor core and from which radionuclide the peaks in monitoring points can be generated. Materials and Methods: The basic material used for this study are the initial core inventory obtained from the report JAEA-Data/Code 2012-018 and the given accident scenarios provided by Japanese Government or Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) in official reports. In this research a forward method using severe accident progression code is used as it might be useful for justifying the results of reverse or inverse method or vice versa. Results and Discussion: The release timing and amounts to the environment are estimated for volatile radioactive fission products such as noble gases, cesium, iodine, and tellurium up to 184 hours (about 7.7 days) after earthquake occurs. The in-plant fission product behaviors and release characteristics to environment are estimated using the severe accident progression analysis code, MELCOR, for Fukushima Daiichi accident. These results are compared with other research results which are summarized in UNSCEAR 2013 Report and other technical papers. Also it may provide the physically based arguments for justifying or suspecting the rationale for the scenarios provided in open literature. Conclusion: The estimated results by MELCOR code simulation of this study indicate that the release amount of volatile fission products to environment from Units 1, 2, and 3 cores is well within the range estimated by the reverse or inverse method, which are summarized in UNSCEAR 2013 report. But this does not necessarily mean that these two approaches are consistent.