• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.2195-2206
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• 2021

In order to mitigate the damage caused by accidents in nuclear power plants (NPPs), evacuation strategies are usually managed on the basis of off-site effects such as the diffusion of radioactive materials and evacuee traffic simulations. However, the interactive behavior between evacuees and the accident environment has a significant effect on the consequential gap. Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a method that can control and observe such interactions by establishing agents (i.e., the evacuees) and patches (i.e., the accident environments). In this paper, a radiological emergency evacuation model is constructed to realistically check the effectiveness of an evacuation strategy using NetLogo, an ABM toolbox. Geographic layers such as radiation sources, roads, buildings, and shelters were downloaded from an official geographic information system (GIS) of Korea, and were modified into respective patches. The dispersion model adopted from the puff equation was also modified to fit the patches on the geographic layer. The evacuees were defined as vehicle agents and a traffic model was implemented by combining the shortest path search (determined by an A ^* algorithm) and a traffic flow model incorporated in the Nagel-Schreckenberg cellular automata model. To evaluate the radiological harm to the evacuees due to the spread of radioactive materials, a simple exposure model was established to calculate the overlap fraction between the agents and the dispersion patches. This paper aims to demonstrate that the potential of ABM can handle disaster evacuation strategies more realistically than previous approaches.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2007

세계화 추세에 맞추어 우리나라에서 많은 국제회의 및 국제 운동경기가 개최되고 있다. 2001년 미국 911 테러 이후 이라크 파병 등으로 인해 우리나라도 테러로부터 안전지대가 아니라는 불안감의 목소리가 커지고 있는 상황이다. 생물테러와 폭탄테러 등이 세계 곳곳에서 발생하고 있어 우리나라도 소방공무원에 대한 화생방테러 교육훈련의 필요성이 대두되고 있어, 소방공무원을 위한 화생방 응급의료 교육훈련 교과목을 제언하고자 한다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2013

전베타 방사능 분석법을 이용한 내부오염 스크리닝법을 검증하였고 실제 의료용 동위원소 생산시설 종사자 내부오염을 판단하는데 적용하였다. 종사자의 작업 종료 후 첫 번째로 채취된 뇨시료(spot 시료)와 24시간 동안 취합된 뇨시료(24 h 시료)를 채취하여 측정하였다. 특정 종사자의 경우를 제외하고 대부분의 측정결과는 일반인 체내 기저준위인 100 Bq $kg^{-1}$을 기준으로 22% 이내로 변동폭이 작았다. 측정결과 작업종료 후 수 시간 이내 종사자 뇨시료의 전베타 농도가 전반적으로 35% 이상 상승하는 경향이 있었다. 또한 스크리닝 결과와 작업일지를 바탕으로 작업장내부 구조상 오염을 유발하는 요인을 추정 할 수 있었으며 추가 세부 핵종별 분석법을 바탕으로 내부피폭선량을 평가해야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 한편 사업장에서 신속히 적용 가능한 내부오염평가 절차를 수립하였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2015

원자력사고 등의 방사선비상시 환경으로 누출된 방사성물질은 일반인의 내부피폭을 야기할 수 있다. 특히 감마선 방출핵종의 내부피폭의 경우 전신계수기가 널리 사용되지만 현장에서 신속히 내부피폭을 분류하는 용도로는 부적합하다. 본 연구에서는 휴대용 감마스펙트로메터를 비상시 내부피폭 신속분류에 적용하기 위하여 몬테카를로 전산모사 방법을 이용하여 NaI 검출기의 계측효율을 BOMAB 팬텀의 크기별로 평가하였다. 두 가지 측정 지오메트리에서 계측효율을 비교한 결과 앉은 모델에서의 계측효율이 서 있는 모델에 비해 약 1.1배 높은 계측효율을 나타내었다. 하지만 측정 지오메트리에 의한 계측효율 차이보다 신체크기에 따른 계측효율 차이가 크게 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. 특히 신체크기가 작은 4세 팬텀의 경우 표준남성과 비교하면 약 2.4~3.1배의 높은 계측효율을 나타내어 신체크기가 상이한 일반인을 대상으로 내부피폭을 모니터링할 경우 반드시 계측효율에 대한 고려가 필요한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한방사선방어학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한방사선방어학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회 및 심포지엄
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• pp.100-101
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• 2010

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.83-97
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for the development of personal protective equipment (PPE) for emergency medical technicians (EMTs) during chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive situations. Methods: Body measurements were obtained for adults aged from 20 to 59 years from the data in the 6 th Size Korea national sizing survey. These data were compared to the sizes of protective clothing currently available in the market. In-depth interviews with active paramedics with experiences of wearing PPE were conducted. Results: Most of the imported protective clothing turned out to be unfit for Korean adults. This showed the urgent need for developing appropriately sized protective clothing for Korean emergency technicians. In total, 55.0% of the respondents indicated that the current protective clothing is unsafe, and 71.0% requested the clothing to have level C protective performance. Regarding the design, many people wanted hooded all-in-one type of clothing. Conclusion: Considering these requirements, most of the wearers wanted their protective clothing to be fundamentally protective of their body, be available in various sizes with adjustable parts, and easy to wear and take off. They also wanted the clothing to be secure in clear sight, while not revealing any parts of their body and not interfringe with their ability to communicate with others.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2007년도 추계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.450-457
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• 2007

• BMB Reports
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• 제47권10호
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• pp.575-580
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• 2014

In this study, we investigate whether arsenite-induced DNA damage leads to p53-dependent premature senescence using human glioblastoma cells with p53-wild type (U87MG-neo) and p53 deficient (U87MG-E6). A dose dependent relationship between arsenite and reduced cell growth is demonstrated, as well as induced ${\gamma}H2AX$ foci formation in both U87MG-neo and U87MG-E6 cells at low concentrations of arsenite. Senescence was induced by arsenite with senescence-associated ${\beta}$-galactosidase staining. Dimethyl- and trimethyl-lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3DMK9 and H3TMK9) foci formation was accompanied by p21 accumulation only in U87MG-neo but not in U87MG-E6 cells. This suggests that arsenite induces premature senescence as a result of DNA damage with heterochromatin forming through a p53/p21 dependent pathway. p21 and p53 siRNA consistently decreased H3TMK9 foci formation in U87M G-neo but not in U87MG-E6 cells after arsenite treatment. Taken together, arsenite reduces cell growth independently of p53 and induces premature senescence via p53/p21-dependent pathway following DNA damage.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2020

Background: The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has recently published report series on the occupational intakes of radionuclides (OIR) for internal dosimetry of radiation workers. In this study, the optimized monitoring program including the monitoring interval and the minimum detectable activity (MDA) of major radionuclides was suggested to perform the routine individual monitoring of internal exposure based on the ICRP OIR. Materials and Methods: The derived recording levels and the critical monitoring quantities were reviewed from international standards or guidelines by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS). The OIR data viewer provided by ICRP was used to evaluate the monitoring intervals and the MDA, which are derived from the reference bioassay functions and the dose coefficients. Results and Discussion: The optimal monitoring intervals were determined taking account of two requirement conditions on the potential intake underestimation and the MDA values. The MDA requirement values of the selected radionuclides were calculated based on the committed effective dose from 0.1 mSv to 5 mSv. The optimized routine individual monitoring program was suggested including the optimal monitoring intervals and the MDA requirements. The optimal MDA values were evaluated based on the committed effective dose of 0.1 mSv. However, the MDA can be adjusted considering the practical operation of the routine individual monitoring program in the nuclear facilities. Conclusion: The monitoring intervals and the MDA as crucial factors for the routine monitoring were described to suggest the optimized routine individual monitoring program of the occupational intakes. Further study on the alpha/beta-emitting radionuclides as well as short lived gamma-emitting nuclides will be necessary in the future.

• 한국기술혁신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국기술혁신학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.369-386
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• 2003

Radiation technologies are being utilized in a wide range of daily modern life and provide the public with valuable benefits through applications in fields of medical, industrial, agricultural, and science & engineering research. On the other hand, there is a high possibility that radioactive materials can be used for malevolent purposes such as dirty bombs. The International community, therefore, has made efforts to improve the security of radioactive sources aimed at protecting the public from radiological terrorism. The paper investigated high-risk radioactive sources which could be used as dirty bombs. The paper reviewed the possibility of radiological weapon attacks and analyzed international trends to enhance security of radioactive sources. This study also proposed our countermeasures to reduce the threat of radiological terrorism and to properly respond to the radiological emergency caused by the radiological weapon attack.