• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1693-1697
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• 2012

Objective: To explore the effect on radiosensitivity of arsenic trioxide ($As_20_3$) in conjunction with hyperthermia on the esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cell line. Method: Inhibition of EC-1 cell proliferation at different concentrations of $As_20_3$ was assessed using the methyl thiazolyl blue colorimetric method (MTT method), with calculation of $IC_{50}$ value and choice of 20% of the $IC_{50}$ as the experimental drug concentration. Blank control, $As_20_3$, hyperthermia, radiotherapy group, $As_20_3$ + hyperthermia, $As_20_3$ + radiotherapy, hyperthermia + radiotherapy and $As_20_3$ + hyperthermia + radiotherapy groups were established, and the cell survival fraction (SF) was calculated from flat panel colony forming analysis, and fitted by the 'multitarget click mathematical model'. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect changes in cell apoptosis and the cell cycle. Results: $As_20_3$ exerted inhibitory effects on proliferation of esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cells, with an $IC_{50}$ of 18.7 ${\mu}mol/L$. After joint therapy of $As_20_3$ + hyperthermia + radiotherapy, the results of FCM showed that cells could be arrested in the $G_2$/M phase, and as the ratio of cells in $G_0/G_1$ and S phases decreased, cell death became more pronounced. Conclusion: $As_20_3$ and hyperthermia exert radiosensitivity effects on esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cells, with synergy in combination. Mechanistically, $As_20_3$ and hyperthermia mainly influence the cell cycle distribution of EC-1 esophageal carcinoma cells, decreasing the repair of sublethal damage and inducing apoptosis, thereby enhancing the killing effects of radioactive rays.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.373-380
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• 2002

Humic and fulvic acids present in soil of different depth were extracted and their characteristics were analyzed as a basic study to evaluate the effect of humic substances on the behaviour of radioactive elements deposited on soil. Molecular size distribution of the humic and fulvic acids was measured by stirred cell ultrafiltration technique and the structural informations were obtained from their UV-Vis., IR and synchronous fluorescence (SyF) spectral analysis. Main molecular size ranges of the soil 1) humic and fulvic acids were 30~100 kDa (46~56%) and 10~30 kDa (33~43%) respectively, and their overall molecular sizes were found to became smaller with increasing the soil depth. Absorptivities measured at 280 nm in the UV-Visible spectra of humic acids were 1.4~1.5 times higher than those of fulvic acids, and increased with increasing the soil depth. SyF spectral data showed two distinct peak components having maximum peak positions of 428 nm (type I) and 498 nm (type II) for the soil humic and fulvic acids. From the analysis of the peak components, it was found that humic molecules are mainly made up of aromatic compounds corresponding to longer wavelength (type II), and the molecular components increased with increasing the soil depth. Analysis of IR spectral data indicated that the humic molecules contain a higher relative concentration of carboxylic groups than those of fulvic molecules, and the carboxylic group contents are seen to increase as the soil depth increase.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2003

Adsorption and desorption characteristics of methyl iodide at high temperature conditions up to 25$0^{\circ}C$ by TEDA-impregnated activated carbon and silver-ion exchanged zeolite(AgX-10), which are used for radioiodine retention in nuclear facility, were experimentally evaluated. In the range of temperature from 3$0^{\circ}C$ to 25$0^{\circ}C$, the adsorption capacity of base activated carbon decreased sharply with increasing temperature but that of TEDA-impregnated activated carbon showed higher value even at high temperature ranges. Especially, the residual amount of methyl iodide after desorption on TEDA-AC represented 30% lower value than that on AgX-10. However, it can be used as an adsorbent for the removal of methyl iodide up to 15$0^{\circ}C$ if it is preventing explosion by Ignition. The breakthrough curves of methyl iodide in the fixed bed packed with AgX-10 uP to 40$0^{\circ}C$ were compared upon the effects of bed temperatures, bed depth and input concentration of methyl iodide. Removal mechanism of methyl iodide on AgX-10 was proposed, based on the analysis of by-product gas generated from adsorption reaction.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.263-269
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• 2015

It is necessary to investigate the electrodeposition behavior of uranium and other elements on the cathode in the electrorefining process to recover the uranium selectively from the reduced metals of the electrolytic reduction process since transuranic elements and rare earth elements is dissolved in the LiCl-KCl eutectic salt. Study on separation factors of U, Ce, Y and Nd based on U and Ce was performed to investigate the deposition behavior of the cathode with respect to the concentration of rare earth elements in LiCl-KCl eutectic salt. After electrorefining with constant current mode by using Ce metal as a sacrifice anode, the contents of U, Ce, Y and Nd in the salt phase and the deposit phase of the cathode were analyzed, and separation factors of the elements were obtained from the analyses. Securing conditions of pure uranium recovery in the elctrorefining process was investigated by considering the separation factors with respect to $UCl_3$ and $CeCl_3/UCl_3$ ratio.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.229-236
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• 2012

A molten salt technology using $Li_2O$-LiCl has been extensively investigated to recover uranium metal from spent fuels in the field of nuclear energy. In the reduction process, it is an important point to maintain the concentration of $Li_2O$. $ZrO_2$ is inevitably contained in the spent fuels because Zr is one of the main components of fuel rod hulls. Therefore, the fate of $ZrO_2$ in $Li_2O$-LiCl molten salt has been investigated. It was found that $Li_2ZrO_3$ and $Li_4ZrO_4$ were formed chemically and electrochemically and they were not reduced to Zr. The recycling of $Li_2O$ is the key mechanism ruling the total reaction in the electrolytic reduction process. However, $ZrO_2$ will have a role as a $Li_2O$ sink.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 1992

Allanite crystals rich in rare-earth elements(REE) occur in soil developed on top of anorthositic rocks in the Jungsu-ri area of Okjong-myun, Hadong-run, where large Ti orebodies are embedded in the bed rock. In this study allanite is investigated mainly by transmitted light microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, atomic absoption spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrocopy. In addition, its specific gravity and micro=indentation hardness value are measured. Allanite occurs with max. dimension of $3cm{\times}6cm$ and coexists with quartz, epidote, zircon, biotite and muscovite. It shows nearly nonmetamict crystallinity, although ${\alpha}$-particles bombardment from the disintegration of the radioactive element Th is detected by an autoradiography. The allanite is particularly enriched in REE(19.88-23.99 wt.%), but is deficient in CaO(8.35-10.29wt.%). Genesis of the allanite in this area is not understood yet. It is, however, assumed to have been formed from magmatic fluid rich in REE and Ti, based on the facts that it ocexists with zircon and that it has high $TiO_2$(0.89-1.13 wt.%) whose concentration is significant in the country rocks.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.365-372
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• 2006

A dynamic compartment model is presented to predict the contamination level of agricultural plant by $^{137}C_s$ as a result of a soil deposition. The model considered the processes of a percolation, soil mixing by a plowing before transplanting, plant uptake, leaching to a deep soil, and fixation to a clay mineral. The effects of the soil properties (pH, clay mineral, organic matter content, and exchangeable K), which are spatially varied, on a plant uptake and the leaching rates of $^{137}C_s$ in a root zone soil were modeled by the Absalom model. To test the validity of the model, the $^{137}C_s$ aggregated transfer factors(TFa) for rice plants were compared with those observed from some simulated $^{137}C_s$ soil deposition experiments, which were carried out with respect to rice plants cultivated in seventeen paddy soils of different properties for two consecutive years. Observed $^{137}C_s$ TFa values of the rice plants did not show an evident trend for the pH and clay content of the soil properties, while they increased with an increasing organic matter content or a decreasing exchangeable K concentration. Predicted $^{137}C_s$ TFa values of the rice plants were found to be comparable with those observed.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.311-320
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• 2006

Removal characteristics of $H^{14}CO_3$ ion from IRN-150 mixed resin contaminated with $^{14}C$ radionuclide and a gasification behavior of $^{14}C$ radionuclide to $^{14}CO_2$ were investigated. The stripping solutions used for the removal of $^{14}C$ from spent resin were $NaNO_3,\;Na_3PO_4,\;NH_4H_2PO_4,\;H_3PO_4$. The influence of stripping solution concentration on the desorption characteristics of inactive $HCO_3$ ion into stripping solution from IRN-150 mixed resin and the gasification of this ion to $CO_2$ was analyzed. The gasification behavior to $CO_2$ by using NaOH, $HNO_3$, HCl was also compared to that of phosphate solution. Real spent resin stored in Wolsung nuclear power plant was used to evaluate the gasification characteristics of $^{14}C$ radionuclide to $^{14}CO_2$. Gamma radionuclides such as $^{137}Cs,\;^{60}Co$ in residual striping solutions after desorption experiment were analyzed.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.133-141
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• 2009

Study on the chemical speciation of uranium(VI) species, ${UO_2}^{2+}$, $UO_2(OH)^+$, ${(UO_2)}_2{(OH)_2}^{2+}$, ${(UO_2)}_3{(OH)_5}^+$, has been peformed by using time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. Speciation sensitivity which depends on the excitation wavelength was investigated. We obtained the speciation sensitivity in the order of $10^{-9}$ M concentration of U(VI) compounds at the excitation wavelength of 266 nm. The fluorescence spectrum and lifetime of ${UO_2}^{2+}$ were carefully measured at pH 1 and ion strength of 0.1 M. The spectrum showed the four characteristic peaks located around 488, 509, 533, 559nm and the fluorescence lifetime of $1.92{\pm}0.17{\mu}s$. The wavelength shifts of fluorescence peaks and the change of lifetimes for uranium hydrolysis compounds were compared with those of ${UO_2}^{2+}$. We report on the characteristic features, the shifts of peaks to the longer wavelength direction and the prolonged lifetimes, in the fluorescence of the U(VI) hydrolysis compounds.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.297-306
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• 2008

This study was carried out to identify the characteristics of hydrochemistry controlling groundwater chemical condition in a repository site of Gyeongju. For this study, 12 bore holes of all monitoring bore holes in the study area were selected and total 46 groundwater samples were collected with depth. In addition, 3 surfacewater samples and 1 seawater sample were collected. For water samples, cations and anions were analyzed. The environmental isotopes(${\delta}^{18}O-{\delta}D$, Tritium, ${\delta}^{13}C,\;{\cdot}{\delta}^{34}S$) were also analyzed to trace the origin of water and solutes. The result of ${\delta}^{18}O\;and\;{\delta}D$ analysis showed that surface water and groundwater were originated from precipitation. Tritium concentrations of groundwater decreased with depth but high concentrations of tritium indicated that groundwater was recharged recently. The results of ion and correlation analysis showed that groundwater types of the study area were represented by Ca-Na-$HCO_3$ and Na-Cl-$SO_4$, which was caused by sea spray and water-rock interaction. Especially, high ratio of Na content in groundwater resulted from ion exchange. For redox condition of groundwater, the values of DO and Eh decreased with depth, which indicated that reducing condition was formed in deeper groundwater. In addtion, high concentration of Fe and Mn showed that redox condition of groundwater was controlled by the reduction of Fe and Mn oxides.