• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2004

Objective : This study was undertaken to determine the inhibitory effect of Whallak-tang against Nitric Oxide, the scavenging effect of Whallak-tang on DPPH radical. Methods : Both nitric concentration 1, 3, 6 and 24 hours after treatment with Vit. C and Whallak-tang at 0.1, 1, 10 mg/ml and scavenging effect 10, 20, 30 and 60 minute after treatment with Vit. C and Whallak-tang at 0.1, 1, 10 mg/ml were estimated. Results : The inhibitory effect of Whallak-tang against Nitric Oxide was dose-dependent. The scavenging effect of Whallak-tang on DPPH radical was dose-dependent. Conclusion : These results would provide important basic data on the possibility of the clinical treatment of Whallak-tang in musculoskeletal disease.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2014

The protective role of phloroglucinol against oxidative stress and stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) was investigated in vitro and in cell culture. Phloroglucinol had strong and concentration-dependent radical scavenging effects against nitric oxide (NO), superoxide anions ($O_2{^-}$), and hydroxyl radicals. In this study, free radical generators were used to induce oxidative stress in LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells. Treatment with phloroglucinol attenuated the oxidative stress induced by peroxyl radicals, NO, $O_2{^-}$, and peroxynitrite. Phloroglucinol also increased cell viability and decreased lipid peroxidation in a concentration-dependent manner. WI-38 human diploid fibroblast cells were used to investigate the protective effect of phloroglucinol against hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced SIPS. Phloroglucinol treatment attenuated $H_2O_2$-induced SIPS by increasing cell viability and inhibited lipid peroxidation, suggesting that treatment with phloroglucinol should delay the aging process. The present study supports the promising role of phloroglucinol as an antioxidative agent against free radical-induced oxidative stress and SIPS.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 휴믹산 농도, 초기 pH 그리고 공기주입유량과 같은 실험인자가 오존/페록시라디칼 반응시스템의 처리효율에 미치는 영향과 연속 처리을 통한 시스템의 처리 특성을 실험적으로 검토하였다. 오존과 페록시라디칼을 조합한 시스템의 처리효율은 각각의 단독공정에 비해 더 높은 색도 제거효율을 나타내었다. 초기 휴믹산 농도가 증가할수록 처리효율이 증가했지만 초기 휴믹산 농도 30mg/L 이상에서는 오히려 처리효율이 감소한 결과를 나타냈고 초기 pH의 경우 산성영역에서 보다는 중성과 알카리성 영역에서 휴믹산 제거효율이 더 높았으며 공기주입유량이 증가할수록 시스템의 처리효율이 증가하였다. Pilot-scale 시스템을 실제 정수장 유입수에 적용시킨 결과, TOC와 $COD_{Cr}$에 대한 각각의 평균 제거율은 약 70%와 60%로 나타나 수중 난분해성 유기물 제거를 위한 적용가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was done to evaluate degradation characteristics of non-biodegradable organic matters including aromatic compounds in livestock wastewater using CFZ process. The CFZ process is consisted of coagulation/sedimentation, Fenton oxidation and zeolite adsoption process. degradation charateristics of each treatment water including livestock wastewater were analyzed by UV scanning, FT-IR and GC/MS. After coagulation/sedimentation process as 1st treatment, non-biodegradable matters remained after 1st treatment were removed by using OH radical produced in Fenton oxidation process. As a result of treatment using these processes, NBDCOD removal efficiency was over 90%. Increase of $E_2/E_3$ ratio (absorbance at 250 and 365 nm) in each treatment water means that aromaticity of livestock wastewater decreased. In case of GC/MS, most aromatics or polynuclear aromatics like benzene, phenol and scatol in livestock wastewater almost wasn't detected after oxidation using OH radical.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.404-410
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• 2014

배(Pyrus pyrifolia)의 과피와 과심에 복합효소처리 의해 물리화학적 특성 및 기능성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 배의 과피와 과심에 4종의 복합효소를 처리할 경우 과피의 가용성 고형분 함량이 증가하였고 과심은 유의적으로 증가하지 않았다. 과피의 가용성 고형분 함량은 Pectinex로 처리하였을 때 가장 높은 증대효과를 나타냈다. 또한 배의 과피와 과심에 Pectinex로 처리하였을 때 높은 환원당 추출 수율을 얻을 수 있었다. 총당 함량은 대부분의 효소처리군에서 증가하여 효소에 의해 탄수화물이 분해되어 당 함량이 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 배의 과피에 Viscozyme으로 처리할 경우 총 폴리페놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량, DPPH radical 소거능, ABTS radical 소거능 및 SOD 유사활성이 가장 높은 증대효과를 보였다. 또한 과심에 Celluclast로 처리할 경우 총 폴리페놀 함량이 증가하였고, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 Ultraflo 처리군을 제외한 나머지 효소처리군에서는 비슷한 양상으로 증가하였다. 또한 과심에 4종의 복합효소처리 시 DPPH radical 소거능과 ABTS radical 소거능은 유의적으로 증가하지 않았고 SOD 유사활성은 모두 증가하였다. 결과적으로 배의 과피와 과심에 탄수화물 분해 복합효소를 처리함으로써 고형분, 환원당 및 항산화 물질의 추출률을 증가시키고 항산화 활성을 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2015

In the present study, an optimum protease was selected to hydrolyze the egg white liquid protein for the antioxidant peptides. Alcalase treatment yielded the highest amount of ${\alpha}$-amino groups (15.27 mg/mL), while the control (no enzymatic hydrolysis) showed the lowest amount of ${\alpha}$-amino groups (1.53 mg/mL). Alcalase also gave the highest degree of hydrolysis (DH) value (43.2%) and was more efficient for egg white liquid hydrolysis than the other enzymes. The Alcalase hydrolysate had the highest radical-scavenging activity (82.5%) at a concentration of 5.0 mg/mL. The conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis of egg white liquid with Alcalase were selected as substrate : water ratio of 2:1. Five percent Alacalse treatment did not show significant (P>0.05) increases of DH and ${\alpha}$-amino nitrogen content after 24 hhydrolysis. Thirty two hour-hydrolysis with 5% Alcalase is sufficient to make antioxidative egg white liquid hydrolysate from egg white liquid. DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities were significantly (P<0.05) higher after enzymatic digestion. These results suggest that active peptides released from egg-white protein are effective radical-scavengers. Thus, this approach may be useful for the preparation of potent antioxidant products.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2023

To enhance the efficacy of Abeliophyllum distichum leaves, extracts were prepared using different solvents for hydrolytic enzyme-treated Abeliophyllum distichum leaves. Physicochemical quality and antioxidant activity were measured. Soluble solids, reducing sugar, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, and polyphenols contents showed the lowest values in the control without enzyme treatment. However, they showed high contents in ethanol extract. In the case of enzyme treatment, their values were higher than those of the control. In particular, verbascoside content increased about 220 times more than that of the control group when treated with enzymes and extracted with 50% ethanol. pH was lowered upon enzymatic treatment. Regarding DPPH radical scavenging activity, for enzyme-free, 25% ethanol extract showed the highest activity among extracts with different solvents. For cellulase and pectinase-treated leaves, water extract showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity among extracts with different solvents. For leaves treated with enzyme combination, 50% ethanol extract showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity among extracts with different solvents. Regarding ABTS radical scavenging activity, it was generally higher in the 50% ethanol extract than in the water extract and 25% ethanol extract. In particular, verbascoside content was increased when the extract was prepared by co-treatment with enzymes and 50% ethanol.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.715-719
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• 2000

It is reported that we are facing the serious environment pollution difficulties such as acid rain, green house effects, etc. The gaseous matter CO, NOx, SOx, VOCs which are regarded as main factors for these current pollutions are mainly emitted from power plants and vehicles. Therefore several leading countries are regulating the related laws strictly, especially exhaust emissions from a Diesel engine without an after treatment device. The Objective of this study is to find out NOx removal characteristics focused on emissions of a Diesel engine using radical at each engine speed and load. It is generated from outer air and put into a mixing chamber in the end of exhaust line. In addition, the optimum temperature condition to activate reaction by radical is experimentally carried out. Concentration of exhaust emissions is analyzed from the gas anlayzer(KaneMay) and FTIR to estimate by-products.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.631-638
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• 2015

In Korea, yam with thermal treatment is widely used to produce tea and beverage, which appeals to all age groups. To better understand the antioxidative activity of thermal treatment yam (Dioscorea batatas $D_{ECNE.}$), n-butanol and ethyl acetate extracts were evaluated with different antioxidant testing system. Their antioxidant activities, including ABTS [2,2' -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt] radical scavenging activity, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and ferric reducing antioxidant power as well as total phenol contents were assessed in vitro. Results showed ethyl acetate extract ($51.63{\pm}2.51mg\;CAE/g$) possessed similar total phenol content compared with n-butanol extract ($53.93{\pm}1.00mg\;CAE/g$). Ethyl acetate extract also exhibited similarly stronger antioxidant activity compared with n-butanol extract apart from ABTS radical scavenging activity assay.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.481-493
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• 2006

The purpose of the review article was to summarize and discuss the available information concerning the effect of bleaching on human teeth and reduced treatment on negative influence. Tooth bleaching effect was differ from extent of concentration and application period of a tooth bleaching agent, certainly full knowledge prior treatment about adverse effect possible appearance and follow clinical treatment for the least reduce. It remains unclear in how far those observation may result in significant adverse effect under clinical conditions. Nevertheless, further investigation are necessary to elucidate these aspect more precisely. The findings of the study were as follows : 1. It is recommended to delay placement of restorations after termination of bleaching therapy for at least 1-3 weeks. 2. Reduced negative influence that is clinical feasibility of catalase in protecting bleached surface against Oxygen radical. 3. The residual peroxide in tooth after bleaching seems to be removed by gradual diffusion and it may be possible to eliminate the adverse effect on tooth by using water displacement solution, ethylalcohol and aceton including it for effective removal of free radical oxygen.