• Toxicological Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2010

The ability of 80% ethanol extracts from five medicinal plants, Aralia continentalis, Paeonia suffruticosa, Magnolia denudata, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and Schizonepeta tenuifolia, to neutralize hydroxyl radical, peroxyl radical and peroxynitrite was examined using the total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay. Peroxyl radical was generated from thermal homolysis of 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (ABAP); hydroxyl radical by an iron-ascorbate Fenton reaction; peroxynitrite by spontaneous decomposition of 3-morpholinosydnonimine N-ethylcarbamide (SIN-1). The oxidants generated react with $\alpha$-keto-$\gamma$-methiolbutyric acid (KMBA) to yield ethylene, and the TOSC of the substances tested is quantified from their ability to inhibit ethylene formation. Extracts from P. suffruticosa, M. denudata, and S. tenuifolia were determined to be potent peroxyl radical scavenging agents with a specific TOSC (sTOSC) being at least six-fold greater than that of glutathione (GSH). These three plants also showed sTOSCs toward peroxynitrite markedly greater than sTOSC of GSH, however, only P. suffruticosa revealed a significant hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity. Seven major active constituents isolated from P. suffruticosa, quercetin, (+)-catechin, methyl gallate, gallic acid, benzoic acid, benzoyl paeoniflorin and paeoniflorin, were determined for their antioxidant potential toward peroxynitrite, peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals. Quercetin, (+)-catechin, methyl gallate, and gallic acid exhibited sTOSCs 40~85 times greater than sTOSC of GSH. These four components also showed a peroxynitrite scavenging capacity higher than at least 10-fold of GSH. For antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radical, methyl gallate was greatest followed by gallic acid and quercetin. Further studies need to be conducted to substantiate the significance of scavenging a specific oxidant in the prevention of cellular injury and disease states caused by the reactive free radical species.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.134-137
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• 2012

Mushrooms collected from Deogyu mountain, Korea, in 2011, were identified as four classes, four orders, 13 families, 22 genera, and 33 species. In particular, agaricales was most abundant and comprised more than 70%. Their antioxidant activities were estimated using three different bioassay methods, the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and reducing power assay. As a result, the methanol extracts of Stereum ostrea, Laetiporus sulphureus var. miniatus, and Tyromyces sambuceus exhibited potent antioxidant activity in all bioassays tested.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.290-295
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• 1992

Reactive oxygen scavenging activity and immune stimulatory activity of lactobacilli were investigated by different free radical scavenging assays and Ig G assay. Lactobacilli culture (S/N) and its complex with $Mn^{2+}$ have significant effects in XOD assay and response to paraquat. Cell free extract significantly prevented the photohemolysis. Thus, it seems that each sample from lactobacilli has a different free radical scavening mechanism. Furthermore, it is assumed that cell free extract from lactobacilli activates antibody stimulation of B cell through a stimulation of T cell.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2019

In this study, extracts of bark from Ulmus davidiana var. japonica and its fractions were investigated the antioxidative, antibacterial and tyrosinase inhibition activity for physiological activity towards functional applications. In the measurement of DPPH radical scavenging activity, the ethyl acetate fraction showed higher radical scavenging ability than others. Moreover, in the tyrosinase inhibition assay, showed that the ethyl acetate fraction has good inhibition effects. Results of the DPPH radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibition activity are related with the total polyphenol concentrations of ethyl acetate fraction. In antibacterial activity used to find out by utilizing the disc diffusion assay, chloroform fraction showed strong effect against Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis. These results are related with the flavonoid contents of chloroform fraction. On the other hand, in the L929 cell viability measurement by MTT assay, the hexane, butanol and aqueous fraction treated at high concentration were showed cytotoxicity. But the others samples were exhibited a moderate viabilities. As a result of investigated the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activity, the ethyl acetate fraction could be applicable for cosmetics related fields. And the chloroform fraction showed significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2012

Chaff-vinegar is known for having a variety of useful purposes in the fields of health and lifestyles. In a previous study we isolated and identified the active fractions of the polyphenol compound 7 species as a potential biomaterial for cosmeceuticals. To further test for its potential use as a functional material, we carried out an MTT assay, collagenase inhibition assay, elastase inhibition assay, tyrosinase inhibition assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, SOD-like activity assay and a xanthine oxidase inhibition assay. Chaff-vinegar exhibited potent collagenase and elastase inhibitory activities in a concentration dependent manner, indicating that the agent has the potential to alleviate the skin wrinkling process. Chaff-vinegar also showed 80% tyrosinase inhibition at a concentration of $100{\mu}L/mL$. DPPH radical scavenging, xanthine oxidase inhibition, and SOD-like activity results for each activity were 80%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. Taken together, the present study suggests that chaff-vinegar is a good candidate for use as an anti-wrinkling and/or whitening agent.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2005

Objectives : Circium japonicum is a pharmacologically active used in traditional Korean medicine. An aqua-acupuncture solution of the Circium japonicum was assessed to determine the mechanism of its antioxidant activity. Materials : Circium japonicum was obtained from a Dongguk Korean Medicine Hospital (Kyung-ju, Kyungbuk). The freeze-dry powder was collected (yield 5.1%) for the aqua-acupuncture solution. Scavenging activity on DPPH free radicals by the Circium japonicum aqua-acupuncture solution (CJAS) was assessed according to the method followed by Gyamfi et al.. and then scavenging activity orl superoxide radicals $(O_2^-{\cdot})$ was assessed by the method described by Gotoh et al. with slight modification. Deoxyribose assay to determine the rate constant for the reactions between either antioxidants and hydroxyl radicals or antioxidants and iron ions. We tested by; (1) Non-site-specific scavenging assay (hydroxyl radicals, OH), (2) Site-specific scavenging assay (chelate iron ions), and (3) Pro-oxidant effect of the CJAS on iron dependent hydroxyl radical generation. Finally, we determined hydroxyl radical-mediated DNA nicking formation. Conclusion : Our study demonstrated that CJAS has antioxidant activities and we investigated the potential effectiveness of CJAS in preventing oxidative stress-mediated disease further.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2006

The essential oil (EC-oil) obtained from the buds of Eugenia caryophyllata (Myrtaceae) was examined for its free radical-scavenging activity, cytotoxicity, and in vivo toxicity. To find the xenobiotic properties of EC-oil, serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities were measured. It was found that EC-oil displayed xenobiotic properties like bromobenzene. The cytotoxicities of eugenol and of the EC-oil were greatly attenuated by the sulfhydryl-containing N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), suggesting that eugenol was susceptible to nucleophilic sulfhydryl. In addition, eugenol also showed potent free radical-scavenging activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Moreover, methyleugenol considerably exhibited less cytotoxicity and less potent free radical-scavenging activity than eugenol, and the cell viability of the methyleugenol was more increased with NAC treatment than the eugenol. These results indicate that the phenolic OH in eugenol may play a crucial role in both cytotoxicity and free radical-scavenging activity. The fashion on oxidative stress and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities of eugenol resembled those of bromobenznene.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.514-517
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• 2007

The radical scavenging activity of Artemisia vulgaris essential oil was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) assay in this study. Essential oil exhibited a significant free radical scavenging activity, with the highest activity at 15 ${\mu}$L/mL concentration. The reaction rate was slow and concentration-dependent

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.28
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• pp.25-29
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• 2010

The colored sweet potato, particularly purple sweet potato, has been well known to contain anthocyanins abundantly. This study was conducted to examine the antioxidant properties of purple sweet potato. The chopped purple sweet potato was extracted 2 times with water or acetone for 18 hours at $28^{\circ}C$. The antioxidative potential of each solvent extract was assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay, FRAP assay, and total phenolic contents. The results showed that both extracts had not only high DPPH free radical scavenging activity but had high level of total phenolic compounds. Furthermore, both solvent extracts were found to have antioxidative effects in human colon cancer cells (HCT 116, HT 29) in DCFDA assay. The notable antioxidant activity of purple sweet potato suggests its significant health benefit and deserves further study to develop into functional food ingredient.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.1 s.55
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• pp.23-28
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• 2006

In this study, we performed anti-oxidation, whitening, cell recovery and anti-inflammation effects with Alisma orientale to evaluate the cosmeceutical properties. Alisma orientate extract (30, 70, 100 % MeOH) exhibited a significant tree radical scavenging effect against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) radical generation and showed tyrosinase inhibition effect in a dose dependent manner (over 0.5% concentration). In cell proliferation assay using human fibroblast, it didn't show any proliferation effect but showed safety from cytotoxicity under 0.05% concentration. For whitening assay, we evaluated the melanin synthesis rate using B16 melanocyte and it showed a significant inhibitory effect (up to 40% under 0.05% concentration). After major screening assay, we separate 3 fractions from Alisma orientate extract by MPLC and performed cell recovery assay, melanin synthesis inhibition assay and anti-inflammatory assay. The third fraction showed a cell recovery effect over 30% against radical damage and remarkable repression in melanin synthesis and COX-2 synthesis.