• 설비공학논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2013

A near infrared (NIR) heating system has advantages over the conventional convection-based systems, in terms of heating uniformity and energy efficiency. When it is over-heated during its operation, the radiation lamp gets blackened, and the life of the radiation module becomes severely limited. The heat transfer system in the module is based on a high operating-temperature, and the radiation makes it difficult to analyze in detail the reliability issue, with an experimental approach alone. We developed a numerical heat-transfer model of the NIR heating system. We applied a ray-tracing method on the radiative heat transport, and a finite volume method on the conductive and convective systems, respectively. The cooling performance of the system is presented, based on the energy and flow distributions in the module. The factors that directly affect the module life are analyzed, such as the surface temperatures of the lamp glass and the reflector, and design improvements are discussed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권7호
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• pp.1749-1757
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• 2019

Predicting lower flammability limits (LFL) of hydrogen has become an ever-important task for safety of nuclear industry. While numerous experimental studies have been conducted, LFL results applicable for the harsh environment are still lack of information. Our aim is to develop a calculated non-adiabatic flame temperature (CNAFT) model to better predict LFL of hydrogen mixtures in nuclear power plant. The developed model is unique for incorporating radiative heat loss during flame propagation using the CNAFT coefficient derived through previous studies of flame propagation. Our new model is more consistent with the experimental results for various mixtures compared to the previous model, which relied on calculated adiabatic flame temperature (CAFT) to predict the LFL without any consideration of heat loss. Limitation of the previous model could be explained clearly based on the CNAFT coefficient magnitude. The prediction accuracy for hydrogen mixtures at elevated initial temperatures and high helium content was improved substantially. The model reliability was confirmed for $H_2-air$ mixtures up to $300^{\circ}C$ and $H_2-air-He$ mixtures up to 50 vol % helium concentration. Therefore, the CNAFT model developed based on radiation heat loss is expected as the practical method for predicting LFL in hydrogen risk analysis.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.67.1-67.1
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• 2019

We present 2-dimensional continuum radiative transfer modeling for EC53. EC 53 is a Class I YSO, which was brightened at $850{\mu}m$ by a factor of 1.5. This luminosity variation was revealed by the JCMT Transient Survey. The increase in brightness is likely related to the enhanced accretion. We aim to investigate how much increase of protostellar luminosity causes the observed brightness increase at $850{\mu}m$. Thus we modeled the SED of EC 53 both in the quiescence and (small scale) outburst phases, with and without the external heating from the interstellar radiation field (ISRF). We found that the internal protostellar luminosity should increase more to fit the observed flux enhancement if the ISRF is considered in the model.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.37.1-37.1
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• 2019

We perform Lyα radiative transfer calculations for reproducing Lyα properties of star-forming galaxies at high redshifts. We model a galaxy as a halo in which the density distributions of Lyα sources and HI plus dust medium are described with exponential functions. We also consider an outflow of the medium that represents a momentum-driven wind in a gravitational potential well. We demonstrate that this outflowing halo model with Lyα scattering can successfully reproduce both the spectrum and the surface brightness profile of eight star-forming galaxies at z=3-6 observed with MUSE. The best-fit model parameters (i.e., the outflowing velocity and optical depth) for these galaxies are in good agreement with other studies. We also demonstrate benefits of using spectrum and surface brightness profile simultaneously to the constraints on model parameters and thus spatial/kinematic distributions of medium. We examine the impacts of individual model parameters and intrinsic spectrum on emerging spectrum and surface brightness profile. Further investigations on the escape fraction, spatially resolved spectra, and the spatial extent of Lyα halos are presented as well.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.563-569
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• 2008

Radiative, heating is suitable for outdoor heating system in windy and cold seasons. Optimal design of the reflector is very important to maximize heat transfer to a specific target area in the open space. The geometrical optical theory can be applied to analyze efficiency of the reflector. Commercial ray tracing computer programs are available only for limited geometries of the reflector. Alternatively, it may be designed and analyzed through an approximated simple lens theory. Two types of reflectors are analyzed using either of these methods. The key issue in this paper is to propose a new illumination experimental method for determination of the radiative efficiency. Optical light source and illuminometer are employed. The calculated efficiency of the reflector is compared with experimental one for checking the reliability. The relative errors between the experimental and analytical results are less than 5%, which proves the validity of this method. Based on these methodologies, a practical reflector and heating lamp unit is developed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.89-100
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• 1994

It is very important to assess accurately the terms which are included in the heat budget equation of soil surface because they are used in the UM and miso-scale circulation modeling as well as in the micrometeorological studies. Each terms in the heat budget equation change according to the soil moisture content. So, it is necessary to specify clearly the relations between soil moisture content and these terms. Special experiment with micrometeorological measurements was executed to study these relations at Environmental Research Center of Tsukuba University, Japan. The results are as follow: 1. The soil moisture contents of 1 cm and 4 cm depth are oscillated with one day Period in drying process and the amplitude of variation of 1 cm depth is greater than that of 4 cm. 2. Increase in soil moisture contents due to precipitation result in decrease of albedo with step function. 3. Sensible heat is in reverse proportion to the soil moisture content and latent heat is in direct proportion to it. Latent heat is more sensitive than sensible heat according to the soil moisture variation. Net long wave radiation have high correlation with soil moisture. 4. Comparing with the radiative term with the flux term in wetting process due to precipitation, the energy transfer of the aero and thermodynamic flux is greater than that of the radiative heat flux.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 제26회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.261-266
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• 2003

An experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the effects of $CO_{2}$ on heat transfer from hydrogen oxygen-enriched flame. Experiments were performed on flames stabilized by a co-flow swirl burner, which mounted on top of the furnace. Five composition conditions of oxidizer were chosen with replacing $N_{2}$ with $CO_{2}$. In a steady state, total and radiative heat flux rates from the flame to the wall of furnace has been measured using heat flux meters. Temperature distribution in furnace also has been checked. Increasing $CO_{2}$ ratio in the oxidizer, the dominant heat transfer mode was changed into convection from radiation. Temperature in the furnace decreased but total heat flux increased.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.266-275
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• 1995

A numerical investigation on the conduction-natural convection-surface radiation conjugate heat transfer in the enclosure having substrate and chips has been performed. A 2-dimensional simulation model is developed by considering heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation. The solutions to the equation of radiative transfer are obtained by the discrete ordinates method using S-4 quadrature. The effects of Rayleigh number and the substrate-fluid thermal conductivity ratio on the cooling of chip are analyzed. The result shows that radiation is the dominant heat transfer mode in the enclosure.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2000

An analysis of heat and mass transfer has been carried out for multi-wafer Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD). Surface radiation analysis considering specular radiation among wafers, heaters, quartz tube and side plates of the reactor has been done to determine temperature distributions of 150 wafers in two dimensions. Velocity, temperature and concentration fields of chemical gases flowing in a reactor with multi-wafers have been then determined, which determines Si deposition growth rate and uniformity on wafers using two different surface reaction models. The calculation results of temperatures and Si deposition have been compared and found to be in a reasonable agreement with the previous experiments.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume II
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• pp.680-683
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• 2006

A one-dimensional planar model is considered of the atmosphere with multi-layer clouds illuminated by a mono-directional parallel flux of solar radiation. A new approach is proposed to radiation transfer modeling and daylight background formation for the atmosphere with such clouds that is represented as a heterogeneous multi-layer system each layer of which is described by different optical characteristics. The influence functions of each layer are determined by solutions of the radiation transfer boundary problem with an external monodirectional wide flux while the contribution of multiple scattering and absorption in the layer is taking into account.