• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.177-180
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• 2012

The acid and bile tolerance changes of 5 different lactic acid bacteria (LAB; Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus debruekii) with gamma irradiation were evaluated. The abilities of LAB to survive in the acidic conditions at the stomach and the bile acidic conditions at the beginning of the small intestine are the key functions for applying LAB to probiotics. In the results, all of LAB survived more than 50% after incubation in PBS (pH 2.5) for 2 hr, which indicated more than half of LAB are possible to pass through the stomach. However, gamma irradiation decreased the acid tolerances of LAB. The bile tolerances of all bacteria except Lactobacillus acidophilus were observed to survive at a 3% oxgall concentration in MRS, and 1 kGy of gamma irradiation to LAB did not affect any bile tolerances changes. But gamma irradiated Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus casei (3 kGy) showed decreasing survival rate with oxgall added MAS agar. In conclusion, gamma irradiation should be applied to yogurt or fermented foods with care because LAB could be changes their properties on acid and bile tolerances.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.1189-1198
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• 2021

When performing remote tasks using robots in nuclear power plants, a 3D shape measurement system is advantageous in improving the efficiency of remote operations by easily identifying the current state of the target object for example, size, shape, and distance information. Nuclear power plants have high-radiation and underwater environments therefore the electronic parts that comprise 3D shape measurement systems are prone to degradation and thus cannot be used for a long period of time. Also, given the refraction caused by a medium change in the underwater environment, optical design constraints and calibration methods for them are required. The present study proposed a method for developing an underwater 3D shape measurement system with improved radiation tolerance, which is composed of commercial electric parts and a stereo camera while being capable of easily and readily correcting underwater refraction. In an effort to improve its radiation tolerance, the number of parts that are exposed to a radiation environment was minimized to include only necessary components, such as a line beam laser, a motor to rotate the line beam laser, and a stereo camera. Given that a signal processing circuit and control circuit of the camera is susceptible to radiation, an image sensor and lens of the camera were separated from its main body to improve radiation tolerance. The prototype developed in the present study was made of commercial electric parts, and thus it was possible to improve the overall radiation tolerance at a relatively low cost. Also, it was easy to manufacture because there are few constraints for optical design.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.2198-2203
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• 2022

As robotics become more sophisticated, there are a growing number of generic systems being used for routine tasks in nuclear environments to reduce risk to radiation workers. The nuclear sector has called for more commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) devices and components to be used in preference to nuclear specific hardware, enabling robotic operations to become more affordable, reliable, and abundant. To ensure reliable operation in nuclear environments, particularly in high-gamma facilities, it is important to quantify the tolerance of electronic systems to ionizing radiation. To deliver their full potential to end-users, mobile robots require sophisticated autonomous behaviors and sensing, which requires significant computational power. A popular choice of computing system, used in low-cost mobile robots for nuclear environments, is the UP Core single board computer. This work presents estimates of the total ionizing dose that the UP Core running the Robot Operating System (ROS) can withstand, through gamma irradiation testing using a Co-60 source. The units were found to fail on average after 111.1 ± 5.5 Gy, due to faults in the on-board power management circuitry. Its small size and reasonable radiation tolerance make it a suitable candidate for robots in nuclear environments, with scope to use shielding to enhance operational lifetime.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.43-61
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• 2004

목적 : 환자의 치료에 있어서 정확한 장비의 설치와 성능 평가는 치료의 질을 향상시키는데 중요한 요소라고 할 수 있으며 사용자가 장비의 특성과 사용 방법을 숙달하고 업무를 수행하는 것이 매우 중요하다고 생각한다. 그러므로 방사선 치료기를 설치하고 방사선 치료를 하기 전에 사용자가 직접 장비의 설치와 성능 평가에 참여하고 특성을 파악하여 이해하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 CAP의 과정과 성능 평가결과를 소개하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 선형가속기 21EX(varian, USA)를 대상으로 설치 시부터 성능 검사까지 전 과정을 평가하였고 성능평가는 크게 radiation survey, mechanical test, radiation isocenter test, beam performance, dosimetry, enhanced dynamic wedge로 구분하여 X-omat film(kodark), 선량 측정 장비(multidata, densitometer, electrometa)를 이용하여 실시하였다. 또한 선형가속기에 부착된 MLC(millenium, 120leaf)와 EPID(portal vision)의 성능 평가는 별도로 실시하였다. 결과 : Survey meter를 이용하여 측정한 leakage는 허용 범위 이하의 선량이 검출되었고 mechanical test에서 collimator, gantey, couch rotation은 1mm 이하였고 육안으로 평가한 angle은 digital이 ${\pm}1^{\circ}$이내에 mechanical은 ${\pm}5^{\circ}$이내였다. 또한 light field와 cross-hair의 직선성 검사도 1mm이내로 평가되었다. (A)symmetrical jaw field는 upper/lower 모두 ${\pm}0.5mm$이내였다. X-omat film을 이용한 radiation isocenter test는 1mm 이하였고 light field와 radiation field 의 일치성 검사는 ${\pm}1mm$ 이내였으며 선량 측정 장비를 이용하여 측정한 $\%DD$는 photon energy는 모두 ${\pm}1\%$ 이내로 electron energy는 $90\%,\;80\%,\;50\%,\;30\%$를 측정한 결과 허용 범위 내에서 평가되었다. photon 과 electron energy의 flateness는 각각 $2.3\%$(기준 $3\%$)이내, $3\%$(기준 $4.5\%$)이내이고 symmetry는 $0.45\%$(기준 $2\%$), $0.3\%$(기준 $2\%$)이내에서 평가 할 수 있었다. 그리고 dosimetry test는 sort term, MU setting, rep rate, dose rate accuracy를 photon과 electron energy 별로 MU와 gantry angle을 바꿔가면서 측정한 결과 허용범위 오차이내에 포함되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. EPID(portal vision)의 Exact-Arm의 기계적인 검사는 vertical, lateral, longitudinal은 허용범위 내에서 동작했으며 명암과 해상도 검사도 05.mm의 니크롬선이 선명하게 나타났으며 phantom의 음영도 뚜렷하게 나타났다. Multileaf collimator(MLC)검사는 leaf이 isocenter의 중심에 정확하게 배열되었으며 재현성 검사도 정상적으로 동작하였다. 결론 : Clinac 21EX 장치의 customer acceptance를 통해서 향후의 환자의 치료를 하는데 있어 장치의 안정성을 확인 할 수 있었으며 치료 전의 선형가속기와 주변장치의 특성을 파악 할 수 있어서 장비 사용에 있어서 어려움을 감소시킬 수 있으리라고 생각된다. 또한 사용자가 적극적으로 참여함으로써 앞으로 환자를 치료하는데 있어서도 많은 도움이 되리라 생각한다.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2010

The present study has been performed to select the osmotic tolerant lines using polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) through an in vitro and in vivo mutagensis with a gamma-ray. During the screening, we selected three mutant lines that seemed to confer elevated osmotic tolerance in high concentrations of PEG 6000. Fruits of these mutants (Os-HK101, Os-HK102 and Os-HK103) were increased to sugar concentration, L-glutamine acid, vitamin C content and lycopine content than those of the wild type. Also the chlorophyll contents were few decreased more in the three mutant lines than the WT plants. Our results suggest that the Os-HK101 is characterized as osmotic stress tolerance considering the sugar concentration and lycopine content. It is expected that the result of this study can be used for breeding more competitive species with respect to contents in sugar or functional chemicals from the selected osmotic resistant lines.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.234-238
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• 2013

Purpose: Esophageal tolerance is needed to guide the safe administration of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). We evaluated comprehensive dose-volume parameters of acute esophageal toxicity in patients with spinal metastasis treated with SRS. Materials and Methods: From May 2008 to May 2011, 30 cases in 27 patients with spinal metastasis received single fraction SRS to targets neighboring esophagus. Endpoints evaluated include length (mm), volume (mL), maximal dose (Gy), and series of dose-volume thresholds from the dose-volume histogram (volume of the organ treated beyond a threshold dose). Results: The median time from the start of irradiation to development of esophageal toxicity was 2 weeks (range, 1 to 12 weeks). Six events of grade 1 esophageal toxicity occurred. No grade 2 or higher events were observed. $V_{15}$ of external surface of esophagus was found to predict acute esophageal toxicity revealed by multivariate analysis (odds radio = 1.272, p = 0.047). Conclusion: In patients with spinal metastasis who received SRS for palliation of symptoms, the threshold dose-volume parameter associated with acute esophageal toxicity was found to be $V_{15}$ of external surface of esophagus. Restrict $V_{15}$ to external surface of esophagus as low as possible might be safe and feasible in radiosurgery.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2023년도 임시총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.38-38
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• 2023

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a promising biomass crop with a high lignocellulose content. This study aimed to select high salt-tolerance sorghum lines for cultivation on reclaimed land. Using 7-day seedlings of the sorghum population consisted of 71 radiation-derived mutants (M₂ to M₆) and 33 genetic resources, survival rate (SR), plant height (PH), root length (RL), fresh weight (FW), and chlorophyll content (CC) were measured for two weeks after 102 mM (0.6%) NaCl treatment. Furthermore, the characteristics of the sorghum population were confirmed using correlation analysis, PCA (principal component analysis), and the FCE (fuzzy comprehensive evaluation) method. Under 102 mM NaCl conditions, SR ranged from 4.9 (IS645-200-6) to 82.4% (KLSo79125-200-1), with an average of 49.9%. PH varied from 7.5 (Mesusu-100-2) to 33.2 cm (DINE-A-MITE-100-2-10), with an average of 20.4 cm. RL ranged from 1.0 (IS645-200-1) to 17.0 cm (30-100-2), with an average of 7.7 cm. FW varied from 0.1 (IS645-200-6) to 4.5 g/plant (DINE-A-MITE-100-2-10), with an average of 2.1 g/plant. CC ranged from 0.9 (DINE-A-MITE-100-2-2) to 3.1 mg/g (IS12937), with an average of 1.7 mg/g. An overall positive correlation, with SR and FW (r = 0.86, P < 0.01), and FW and CC (r = 0.79, P < 0.01), was shown by correlation analysis. Among the five traits, two principal components were extracted by PCA analysis. PC1 was significantly associated with FW, while PC2 was highly involved with RL. To evaluate the salt tolerance level of the sorghum population when an FCE based on trait data was performed, MFV (membership function value) was 0.68. As a result of compiling the MFV of each line, eight lines with MFV > 0.68 were selected. Ultimately, the radiation-derived mutant lines, DINE-A-MITE-100-2-10 and DINE-A-MITE-100-2-12 were selected as salt-tolerant sorghum lines. The results are expected to inform salt-tolerant sorghum breeding programs, and the high salt-tolerance sorghum lines might be advantageous for cultivation on reclaimed land.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권8호
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• pp.2916-2922
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• 2024

\\In memory semiconductors such as a static random access memory (SRAM), a common problem is soft errors under radiation environment. These soft errors cause bit flips, which are referred to as single event upsets (SEUs). Some radiation-hardened SRAM cells such as a Quatro SRAM, we-Quatro SRAM, and DICE SRAM cells have been reported for years. However, these designs have the disadvantage of taking up more area than a conventional 6T SRAM cell. Thus, we propose a radiation-hardened SRAM cell design that we named capacitor-static random access memory (C-SRAM) without area overhead. The C-SRAM is formed by simply adding a capacitor to the conventional 6T SRAM. It was designed to mitigate the radiation effect using the conservation law of electrical charge. Moreover, it has the same cell size as the conventional 6T SRAM cell. Its static noise margins (SNMs), which are indicators of operational stability, are equal to the conventional 6T SRAM values of 530 mV, 220 mV, and 860 mV in hold, read, and write modes, respectively. The results of the SEU simulation test showed that it had 4.761 times better flipping tolerance than the conventional 6T SRAM with a charge value of 247.494 fC. In addition, irradiation experiments also confirmed that the C-SRAM cell was more tolerant than the 6T SRAM cell. The conventional 6T SRAM and C-SRAM were fabricated using a standard 0.18 ㎛ CMOS process.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2005

벼멸구(Nilapawata lugens Stal.)에 대한 저항성 마커 (R208)에서 확실한 차이를 보인 두 자포니카 품종(일품벼과 상해향혈나)을 대상으로 벼멸구 저항성 유전자(Os-Bil)와 내염성과의 관련성을 조사하였다. 이를 위해 두 품종에서 염처리에 의한 Os-Bil 발현량의 변화를 real-time PCR을 이용해 정량화 하였으며, 인디카 두 품종(Pokkali와 IR29)의 결과와 비교하였다. 일품벼는 50, 200 mM NaCl 처리에서 Os-Bil 유전자의 발현량이 농도 의존적으로 감소하였으며, 상해향혈나는 50mM에서만 약간 증가하고 200mM에서는 크게 감소하였다. 비교해서, 내염성인 Pokkali는 Os-Bil의 발현량이 100 mM의 NaCl 처리에 의해 약 2배 증가하였으나 감수성인 IR29는 같은 농도에서 발현량이 감소하였다. 이러한 결과들은 벼멸구 저항성 유전자(Os-Bil)가 적어도 인디카 품종들의 내염성 차이에 관여함을 의미하는 것으로 보인다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.142-142
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• 2017

Wheat (Triticum asetivum L.) is one of the major grain crops worldwide. The reduced productivity ascribed by adverse environment is increasing the risk of food security. Wheat cultivars have been actively released by public side since 1960s in Korea. Each variety has been developed for superior regional adaptation, pest resistance and mostly high yield. Heat stress tolerance is one of the major parameters that threaten wheat production in Korea. Heat stress during grain filling period has been conceived as critical level and directly influences on wheat production. We evaluated 11 common wheat cultivars ("Baegjoong", "Dajung", "Goso", "Hanbaek", "Jokyoung", "Joeun", "Jopum", "Keumgang", "Olgeuru", "Sinmichal", "Uri") that were exposed to abnormally high temperature during the grain filling period. Each plant was grown well in a pot containing "Sunshine #4" soil in controlled phytotron facility set on $20^{\circ}C$ and 16 h photoperiod. At 9 day-after-anthesis (DAA9), plants were subjected to a gradual increase in temperature from $20^{\circ}C$ to $33^{\circ}C$ and maintained constantly at $33^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. After the treatment, plants were subjected to gradual decrease to normal temperature ($20^{\circ}C$) and continue to grow till harvest. Seeds were harvested from each tiller/plant. Total chlorophyll contents decrease level as well as grain parameters were measured to evaluate varietal tolerance to heat stress. We also divide each spike into five regions and evaluate grain characteristics among the regions in each spike. The obtained results allow us to classify cultivars for heat stress tolerance. The pedigree information showed that typical wheat lines provide either tolerance or susceptible trait to their off-springs, which enable breeders to develop heat stress tolerance wheat by appropriate parental choice.