• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.184-194
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• 2016

Many industrial processes require reliable temperature measurements in harsh environments with high temperature, dust, humidity, and pressure. However, commercially-available conventional temperature measurement devices are not suitable for use in such conditions. This study thus proposes a reliable, durable two-color radiation thermometer (RT) for harsh environments that was developed by selecting the appropriate components, designing a suitable mechanical structure, and compensating environmental factors such as absorption by particles and gases. The two-color RT has a simple, compactly-designed probe with a well-structured data acquisition system combined with efficient LabVIEW-based code. As a result, the RT can measure the temperature in real time, ranging from 300 to $900^{\circ}C$ in extremely harsh environments, such as that above the burden zone of a blast furnace. The error in the temperature measurements taken with the proposed two-color RT compared to that obtained using K-type thermocouple readouts was within 6.1 to $1.4^{\circ}C$ at a temperature range from 200 to $700^{\circ}C$. The effects of absorption by gases including $CO_2$, CO and $H_2O$ and the scattering by fine particles were calculated to find the transmittance of the two wavelength bands of operation through the path between the measured burden surface and the two-color probe. This method is applied to determine the transmittance of the short and long wavelength bands to be 0.31 and 0.51, respectively. Accordingly, the signals that were measured were corrected, and the true burden surface temperature was calculated. The proposed two-color RT and the correction method can be applied to measure temperatures in harsh environments where light-absorbing gases and scattering particles exist and optical components can be contaminated.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.116-129
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• 2000

자유수면 아래 일정한 초기장력이 작용한 원형 박막이 수평으로 놓여있을 때 3차원 선형 유탄성 이론을 적용하여 파와 구조물의 상호작용문제를 고찰하였다. 속도포텐셜을 회절포텐셜과 방사포텐셜로 분리하여 각각의 경계치 문제를 푼다. 유체영열을 3개의 영역으로 나누어 각 영역에서 회절포텐셜과 방사포텐셜을 Bessel 함수의 전개식으로 표현하고 부족한 경계조건으로 생기는 미지수는 인접한 영역이 만나는 정합면에서 속도와 압력이 같다는 정합조건식을 적용하여 구해진다. 원형막의 크기와 잠긴 깊이 그리고 추기장력이 변함에 따라 원형 유연막 주위의 파의 형태가 달라짐을 볼 수 있었다. 즉, 적절히 설계된 몰수형 원형 유연막은 파 에너지를 집중시키는데 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2008

회전하는 물체의 표면에 걸리는 정상하중에 의해 발생되는 소음을 이론적으로 해석하여 그 방사특성을 분석하였다. 해석의 편의성을 위해, 물체의 표면에 걸리는 힘은 표면 전체에 고루 분포된 분산하중이 아닌 한 점에 집중된 점하중으로 표현하였고, 소음계산은 엄밀한 Lowson의 하중소음식을 사용하였다. Lowson 식의 각 항들을 수학적으로 보다 자세하게 구분하여 각 항들이 가지는 물리적 특성에 대해 논의하였다. 회전각속도를 변화시켜가며 단일 점하중에 의해 발생되는 소음의 방사특성을 근거리 및 원거리에서 조사하였고 그에 대한 이론적 근거를 제시하였다. 또한 거리에 따른 음압의 크기를 조사하여 근거리와 원거리에서의 음압감소비율 및 회전각가속도의 역할에 대해 논의하였다. 마지막으로, 점하중의 개수가 증가될 때 소음이 오히려 감소하는 현상을 설명함과 더불어 소음저감의 방안과 그 한계점 및 향후 연구주제에 대하여 논의하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2006

It is a well known fact that LCD is a central part of the IT industry which is important in the present and the future. But the biggest problem of LCD manufacturing is maintaining a cleaning room environment and administration. Therefore the purpose of this study is to first, prevent the yield depreciation and damage of products, and second, protect the worker ftom accidental electrostatic discharge during LCD manufacture. The soft x-ray ionizer is a type of electrostatic reducer device. It protects against electrostatic discharge in the cleaning room environment and is a necessary environmental factor during LCD production. The positive aspects of the soft x-ray are its shorter time and wider angle of exposure. But the negative aspect of the soft x-ray is its need for several shielding of protection from the harmful x-ray exposure. On this study, the development of the Air Nozzle-type ionizer to amend and refine some problems. For example, examined the electrostatic reduce device of a soft x-ray type and discovered the ion did not go inside well. also workers to be free from danger. An Air Nozzle-type ionizer is comprised of soft x-ray radiation and ionized air production. Air is injected through the nozzle after being ionized from radiation. It supplies air keeping the same pressure into the end foundation of ion production. The soft x-ray is the structure which radiates ionized air through the nozzle (21 holes) having micro holes of the ionizable radiation after ionizing the inside air by the ion production. A worker does not need a cover to protect against x-rays and the Air Nozzle-type ionizer is easy to set up and is more effective at eliminating electrostatic.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2018

Estimating the reference evapotranspiration is an important factor to consider in irrigation system design and agricultural water use. However, there is a limitation in using the FAO Penman-Monteith (FAO P-M) equation, which requires various meteorological data. The purpose of this study is to compare three reference evapotranspiration (ETo) equations in the case of meteorological data missing for 11 study weather stations. Firstly, the FAO P-M equation is used for reference potential evapotranspiration estimation with the actual solar radiation data $R_n$ and the actual vapor pressure $e_a$. Then, in the case of $R_n$, and $e_a$ are missed, the reference evapotranspirations applying FAO P-M, Priestley-Taylor (P-T), Hargreaves (HG) equation were calculated using other meteorological factors. Secondly, MAE, RMSE, $R^2$ were calculated to compare ETo relationship from the ETo equations. From the results, ETo with Hargreaves equation in coastal areas and the Priestley-Taylor equation in the inland areas showed relatively high correlation with FAO P-M when $e_a$ data is missed. In the case of $R_n$ data is missed or two weather data, $e_a$, and $R_n$ data are all missed, $R^2$ value in Priestley-Taylor equation was highest in coastal areas, and $R^2$ values in Hargreaves equation were the high values for 7 inland areas. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that net radiation was the most sensitive for P-T and HG equation, and for FAO P-M, the most sensitive factor was net radiation and relative humidity, air temperature and wind speed were follows. Therefore, in considering of the accessibility to the coast, the types of the missing wether data, and the correlation and the magnitude of error, the reference evapotranspiration equations would be selected in sense of different conditions.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2009

As the result of the rapid development of IT technology, an on-line diagnostic system using the field bus communication network coupled with a smart sensor module will be widely used at the nuclear power plant in the near future. The smart sensor system is very useful for the prompt understanding of abnormal state of the key equipments installed in the nuclear power plant. In this paper, it is assumed that a smart sensor system based on the fieldbus communication network for the surveillance and diagnostics of safety-critical equipments will be installed in the harsh-environment of the nuclear power plant. It means that the key components of fieldbus communication system including microprocessor, FPGA, and ASIC devices, are to be installed in the RPV (reactor pressure vessel) and the RCS (reactor coolant system) area, which is the area of a high dose-rate gamma irradiation fields. Gamma radiation constraints for the DBA (design basis accident) qualification of the RTD sensor installed in the harsh environment of nuclear power plant, are typically on the order of 4 kGy/h. In order to use a field bus communication network as an ad-hoc diagnostics sensor network in the vicinity of the RCS pump area of the nuclear power plant, the robust survivability of IT-based micro-electronic components in such intense gamma-radiation fields therefore should be verified. An intelligent CCD camera system, which are composed of advanced micro-electronics devices based on IT technology, have been gamma irradiated at the dose rate of about 4.2kGy/h during an hour UP to a total dose of 4kGy. The degradation performance of the gamma irradiated CCD camera system is explained.

• 센서학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2015

An infrared (IR) bolometer measures the change of resistance by absorbing incident IR radiation and generates a signal as a function of the radiation intensity. Since a bolometer requires temperature stabilization and light filtering except for the infrared rays, it is essential for the device to be packaged meeting conditions that above mentioned. Minimization of heat loss is needed in order to stabilize temperature of bolometer. Heat loss by conduction or convection requires a medium, so the heat loss will be minimized if the medium is a vacuum. Therefore, vacuum packaging for bolometer is necessary. Another important element in bolometer packaging is germanium (Ge) window, which transmits IR radiation to heat the bolometer. To ensure a complete transmittance of IR light, anti-reflection (AR) coatings are deposited on both sides of the window. Although the transmittance of Ge window is high for IR rays, it is difficult to use frequently in low-price IR bolometer because of its high price. In this paper, we fabricated IR window by utilizing silicon (Si) substrate instead of Ge in order to reduce the cost of bolometer packaging. To enhance the IR transmittance through Si substrate, it is textured using Reactive Ion Etching (RIE). The texturing process of Si substrate is performed along with the change of experimental conditions such as gas ratio, pressure, etching time and RF power.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1992

물분자와 전리방사선과의 상호작용에 의하여 생성된 방사능극소입자에 관한 많은 연구결과가 보고되어 왔으며, 특히 이전 연구에서는 물분자의 방사성분해에 의해 발생한 수산화라디칼의 높은 농도는, 유기물기체와 같은 실내기체와 반응즉시 낮은 증기압의 화학물로 변하여 극소입자가 된다고 알려져 왔다. 본 연구에서는, 라돈의 첫째딸핵종인 Po-218에 대한 물분자와의 의존성을 조사할 목적으로, 실내기체의 최적제어가 가능한 라돈챔버를 사용하여 일련의 실험들을 수행하였다. 특별히 설계 제작된 평행등급 금속망필터시스템을 사용하여, 서로 다른 습도조건하에서 0.5-100nm 크기의 라돈딸핵종에 대한 방사능크기분포도가 얻어졌으며, 그 결과가 분석되었다. 라든가스챔버내에 수증기분자의 첨가와 동 수증기분자의 방사성분해에 의하여 생성된 수산화라디칼에 의한 극소입자들의 형성을 확인하였는데 이는 수증기의 방사성분해과정에서 Po-218이온과 수증기분자 사이에 중화과정 때문인 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 공업화학
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2008

고분자함침콘크리트(PIC)는 물리화학적 물성뿐만 아니라 기계적 강도가 우수한 재료로서 성형된 일반 콘크리트를 변조하여 제조한다. PIC 제조공정은 성형된 공시체의 건조, 단량체의 함침, 중합공정으로 구성된다. PIC 제조공정 중 고분자 중합공정은 지금까지 주로 열 및 수중중합방법을 사용하여 콘크리트 내부의 온도구배가 크고 라디칼 생성이 억제되어 불균일한 중합을 초래하였다. 본 연구에서는 마이크로파를 이용한 중합 반응기를 제작하여 스티렌/메틸메타아크릴레이트(MMA) 1 : 1의 혼합물을 단량체로 사용한 PIC 제조의 중합공정에 사용하였다. 그 결과 열중합보다 매우 균일한 PIC를 제조할 수 있었으며, 30% 이상 중합도가 증가하였고, 공시체보다 기계적 압축강도는 600% ($800{\sim}1200kg_f/cm^2$)까지 증가하였으며, 내산성은 20% 이상 증가하였다. 또한 개시제는 1% 이하로 사용할 수 있었고 중합의 최적 조건은 400 W, 2450 MHz의 radiation 조사로 최적 온도는 $120^{\circ}C$였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.239-244
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• 1998

Piezoelectric pressure sensors and pyroelectric infrared detectors based on ZnO thin film have been integrated with GaAs metal-semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) amplifiers. Surface micromachining techniques have been applied in a GaAs MESFET process to form both microsensors and electronic circuits. The on-chip integration of microsensors such as pressure sensors and infrared detectors with GaAs integrated circuits is attractive because of the higher operating temperature up to 200 oC for GaAs devices compared to 125 oC for silicon devices and radiation hardness for infrared imaging applications. The microsensors incorporate a 1${\mu}$m-thick sputtered ZnO capacitor supported by a 2${\mu}$m-thick aluminum membrane formed on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate. The piezoelectric pressure sensor of an area 80${\times}$80 ${\mu}$m2 designed for use as a miniature microphone exhibits 2.99${\mu}$V/${\mu}$ bar sensitivity at 400Hz. The voltage responsivity and the detectivity of a single infrared detector of an area 80${\times}$80 $\mu\textrm{m}$2 is 700 V/W and 6${\times}$108cm$.$ Hz/W at 10Hz respectively, and the time constant of the sensor with the amplifying circuit is 53 ms. Circuits using 4${\mu}$m-gate GaAs MESFETs are fabricated in planar, direct ion-implanted process. The measured transconductance of a 4${\mu}$m-gate GaAs MESFET is 25.6 mS/mm and 12.4 mS/mm at 27 oC and 200oC, respectively. A differential amplifier whose voltage gain in 33.7 dB using 4${\mu}$m gate GaAs MESFETs is fabricated for high selectivity to the physical variable being sensed.