• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 1998

키토산은 키틴의 탈아세틸화반응을 통해서 얻어진 유전적 독성이 없는 천연착화제로써 방사성동위원소 혹은 중금속 이온의 제거제 및 체내 흡수 억제제로 알려져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 분자량이 다른 C-14 chitosan을 정맥투여 한 후 C-14 chitosan 분자량별 마우스 체내 대사과정을 알아보고자 하였다 ICR계 웅성 마우스(8-10주령, 체중 30-35g)를 사용하였다. C-14 chitosan은 증류수로 희석한 다음, 꼬리정맥을 통해 정맥 투여하였다. C-14 chitosan 투여후 6시간, 1일, 3일, 5일, 7일째 마우스를 희생시켜 혈액, 간, 신장, 비장, 폐, 근육, 고환, 오줌을 채취하였으며, 각각의 ${\beta}$-방사능을 측정하여 상대농도를 구하였다. 대부분의 C-14 chitosan이 6시간째에 오줌을 통해 체외 배출되었고, 체내대사과정은 분자량이 서로 다름에도 불구하고 비슷하였다. 간, 신장, 비장등에서 높은 방사능을 나타내었다. 조직간의 상대농도는 6시간째에 증가하다가 서서히 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 정맥 투여한 키토산은 분자량에 상관없이 대부분 오줌을 통해 체외배출 되고, 체내 장기중의 대사과정은 비슷하게 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2021

Far-infrared rays (FIR) are known to have various effects on atoms and molecular structures within cells owing to their radiation and vibration frequencies. The present study examined the effects of FIR on gene expression related to glucose transport through microarray analysis in rat skeletal muscle cells, as well as on mitochondrial biogenesis, at high and low glucose conditions. FIR were emitted from a bio-active material coated fabric (BMCF). L6 cells were treated with 30% BMCF for 24 h in medium containing 25 or 5.5 mM glucose, and changes in the expression of glucose transporter genes were determined. The expression of GLUT3 (Slc2a3) increased 2.0-fold (p < 0.05) under 5.5 mM glucose and 30% BMCF. In addition, mitochondrial oxygen consumption and membrane potential (ΔΨm) increased 1.5- and 3.4-fold (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), respectively, but no significant change in expression of Pgc-1a, a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, was observed in 24 h. To analyze the relationship between GLUT3 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis under FIR, GLUT3 was down-modulated by siRNA for 72 h. As a result, the ΔΨm of the GLUT3 siRNA-treated cells increased 3.0-fold (p < 0.001), whereas that of the control group increased 4.6-fold (p < 0.001). Moreover, Pgc-1a expression increased upon 30% BMCF treatment for 72 h; an effect that was more pronounced in the presence of GLUT3. These results suggest that FIR may hold therapeutic potential for improving glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function in metabolic diseases associated with insufficient glucose supply, such as type 2 diabetes.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2017

Objective: This study investigated the prevalence of infections with human papillomavirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, and Mycoplasma genitalium in the semen of Korean infertile couples and their associations with sperm quality. Methods: Semen specimens were collected from 400 men who underwent a fertility evaluation. Infection with above five pathogens was assessed in each specimen. Sperm quality was compared in the pathogen-infected group and the non-infected group. Results: The infection rates of human papillomavirus, C. trachomatis, U. urealyticum, M. hominis, and M. genitalium in the study subjects were 1.57%, 0.79%, 16.80%, 4.46%, and 1.31%, respectively. The rate of morphological normality in the U. urealyticum-infected group was significantly lower than in those not infected with U. urealyticum. In a subgroup analysis of normozoospermic samples, the semen volume and the total sperm count in the pathogen-infected group were significantly lower than in the non-infected group. Conclusion: Our results suggest that infection with U. urealyticum alone and any of the five sexually transmitted infections are likely to affect sperm morphology and semen volume, respectively.

• 환경생물
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.321-325
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• 2011

셀룰로오스는 지구상에서 가장 풍부하게 존재하는 재생 가능한 천연 다당류로서 glucose의 ${\beta}$-1,4 결합에 의하여 이루어진 물질이자 고등식물의 주요 구성성분으로서 현재 제지, 펼프 및 방적산업을 비롯한 다양한 분야에서 사용되고 있다. 셀룰로오스의 소비가 급증함에 따라 그 원료로 사용되는 목재에 대한 수요도 갈수록 높아지고 있으나 원료공급과 환경문제로 인하여 제지 대체물질에 대한 연구가 절실한 형편이다(Sutherland 1998). 따라서 본 연구에서는 정치 및 교반배양에서도 생산할 수 있는 능력이 있음이 확인된 $Acetobacter$ sp. A9를 사용하여 교반배양 할 때 셀룰로오스를 생산하지 않는 돌연변이체($Cel^-$)가 생성됨으로써 셀룰로오스 생산량이 대폭 감소하는 현상이 일어나는 문제점을 해결 할 수 있는 돌연변이주를 선별하여 대량생산의 가능성을 검토하였고, 교반 배양에서도 안정한 변이주의 선별을 위해 자외선 조사와 화학제를 처리하여 변이주 8개를 선별하여 여러 가지 특성을 조사하였다. 이 변이주들의 셀룰로오스 생산량과 acetan, gluconic acid 생산량을 야생주인 $Acetobacter$ sp. A9과 비교한 결과, Couso (1982, 1987)와 Iannion (1988), Ridout (1994)가 설명한 acetan 생산이 셀룰로오스 합성과 밀접한 관계를 갖고 있는 결과와는 달리 본 연구에서는 acetan 생산과 셀룰로오스 합성과는 관계가 없었고, 셀룰로오스 생산량이 많은 변이주 M6의 경우, 셀룰로오스를 생성하지 않는 변이주 M28보다 gluconic acid 생산량이 훨씬 작은 것으로 보아 셀룰로오스 합성에 gluconic acid가 셀룰로오스 생산에 영향을 미치는 것이라고 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

Many anticancer agents as well as ionizing radiation have been shown to induce autophagy which is originally described as a protein recycling process and recently reported to play a crucial role in various disorders. In HCT116 human colon cancer cells, we found that curcumin, a polyphenolic phytochemical extracted from the plant Curcuma longa, markedly induced the conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II and degradation of sequestome-1 (SQSTM1) which is a marker of autophagosome degradation. Moreover, we found that curcumin caused GFP-LC3 formation puncta, a marker of autophagosome, and decrease of GFP-LC3 and SQSTM1 protein level in GFP-LC3 expressing HCT116 cells. It was further confirmed that treatment of cells with hydrogen peroxide induced increase of LC3 conversion and decrease of GFP-LC3 and SQSTM1 levels, but these changes by curcumin were almost completely blocked in the presence of antioxidant, N-acetylcystein (NAC), indicating that curcumin leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which results in autophagosome development and autolysosomal degradation. In parallel with NAC, SQSTM1 degradation was also diminished by bafilomycin A, a potent inhibitor of autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and cell viability assay was further confirmed that cucurmin-induced cell death was partially blocked by bafilomycin A as well as NAC. We also observed that NAC abolished curcumin-induced activation of extracelluar signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 112 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), but not Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). However, the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK seemed to have no effect on the curcumin-induced autophagy, since both the conversion of LC3 protein and SQSTM1 degradation by curcumin was not changed in the presence of NAC. Taken together, our data suggest that curcumin induced ROS production, which resulted in autophagic activation and concomitant cell death in HCT116 human colon cancer cell. However, ROS-dependent activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, but not JNK, might not be involved in the curcumin-induced autophagy.

• 환경생물
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.263-270
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• 1999

생쥐에 1 Gray(Gy)와 3 Gy의 방사선을 조사한 후 시간에 따라 골격근, 심장, 신장, 간 및 정소조직의 형태적 변화를 확인하였다. H-B(hematoxylin-eosin)염색 결과 apoptotic body는 다른 조직에 비해 간조직에서 쉽게 관찰되었고, 조사량에 비례하였으며 대부분의 조직에서 조사 후 1일에, 정소조직에서는 7일에 많이 관찰되었다. TUNEL (terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling)염색에 의한 결과도 동일하게 나타났다. 방사선 조사 후 단백질량은 신장을 제외한 나머지 조직에서 감소되었으며, 3 Gy를 조사한 경우 1 Gy보다 모든 조직에서 초기 2시간까지 감소되었으나 7일에는 모두 증가되었다. 젖산탈수소효소(EC 1.1.1.27, Lactate dehydrogenase: LDH) 활성은 모든 조직에서 증가되었고 1 Gy를 조사한 경우 초기에 더욱 증가되었으며 최고 활성은 3 Gy보다 빠른 시기에 나타났다. 골격근, 심장, 신장 및 정소조직은 일반적으로 $A_4$동위효소 활성이 감소되고 골격근과 심장은 $B_4$와 $A_2$$B_2$동위효소 활성이 증가되었으며 신장은 이질사량체의 활성이 증가되었다. 간은 $A_4$ 동위효소 활성이 높았고 정소는 C동위효소의 활성이 높았다. 따라서 LDH는 방사선 조사시 간조직을 제외한 나머지 조직에서 lactate oxidase로서 작용하여 호기적 대사가 우세한 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.482-484
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• 2002

UV irradiation activates various intracellular signaling pathways causing cell death in a DNA damage-dependent and an independent manner. As DNA photoproducts, major forms of DNA damage, are maximally formed by UV light at 260-nm, short wavelength UV (UVC) is more harmful than middle wavelength UV (UVB). However, the differences or similarities in responses of DNA damage-independent intracellular signaling molecules to UVB and UVC are not elucidated. We examined activation of signaling molecules towards apoptosis in normal human fibroblastic cells after irradiation with UVB or UVC at a dose generating the equal amount of DNA photoproducts. Both UVB and UVC induced transient phosphorylation of ERK and sustained phosphorylation of p38. Phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 and at Ser392 residues were also observed, which were inhibited by a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin. In contrast, an antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine and a p38 inhibitor SB203580 suppressed only Ser392 phosphorylation, suggesting that UV-induced oxidative stress and p38 activation were involved in the phosphorylation of this site. The apoptic signals such as mitochondrial cytochrome C release and annexin V binding were then observed. Overall, no difference was found in chronological responses of p53, MAPK, and apoptosis between UVB-irradiated and UVC-irradiated cells. These results suggested that DNA damage-independent intracellular signaling molecules similarly responded to UVB and UVC when the equal level of DNA photoproducts were generated.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.258-263
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• 2013

In the current study, we explored the effect of LDR on the activation of Nrfs transcription factor involved in cellular redox events. Experiments were carried out utilizing 0.05 and 0.5 Gy X-ray irradiated normal human skin fibroblast HS27 cells. The results showed LDR induced Nrf1 and Nrf2 activation and expression of antioxidant genes HO-1, Mn-SOD, and NQO1. In particular, 0.05 Gy-irradiation increased only Nrf1 activation, but 0.5 Gy induced both Nrf1 and Nrf2 activation. LDR-mediated Nrf1/2 activation was accompanied by reactive species (RS) generation and $Ca^{2+}$ flux. This effect was abolished in the presence of N-acetyl-cysteine and BAPTA- AM. Furthermore, Nrf1/2 activation by LDR was suppressed by PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK1/2. In conclusion, LDR induces Nrf1 and Nrf2 activation and expression of Nrf-regulated antioxidant defense genes through RS and $Ca^{2+}$/ERK1/2 pathways, suggesting new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the beneficial role of LDR in HS27 cells.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.95-112
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• 2013

As a first step toward understanding the divergence and relationships of the Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) occurring in South Korea, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA), and elongation factor-$1{\alpha}$ (EF-$1{\alpha}$) that comprise 3,501-3,716 bp were either sequenced (55 species) or the sequences were obtained from GenBank (23 species). The concatenated sequence divergence of six nymphalid subfamilies ranked in the following order: Danainae (10.3%), Satyrinae (9.5%), Limenitidinae (8.0%), Apaturinae (7.0%), Nymphalinae (6.7%), and Heliconiinae (6.2%). As has been reported in previous large scale international studies, the subfamilial relationships of (((((Limenitidinae + Heliconiinae) + (Nymphalinae + Apaturinae)) + Satyrinae) + Libytheinae) + Danainae) were also confirmed, except for the switched positions between Danainae and Libytheinae, and supported all subfamilies and tribe monophylies. Unlikely consistent phylogenetic relationships among genera within the majority of tribes in Nymphalidae, a conflicting relationship within the subfamily Apaturinae was obvious, presenting Apatura as sister to either Mimathyma or (Mimathyma + (Sephisa + (Hestina + Sasakia))), and both of these relationships are unconventional. Within the subfamily Limenitidinae, the genus Neptis was consistently revealed as a paraphyletic with respect to the genus Aldania, requiring further taxonomic investigation of the genus. Although limited, current sequence information and phylogenetic relationships are expected to be helpful for further studies.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 1973

마늘은 강장(强壯), 강정(强精) 식품으로 인정되어 왔으나 그 원인은 아직 미지이다. 여기에는 비타민 E와 밀접한 연관성이 있는 Se 함유아미노산에 기인됨을 가정하고 병아리에 비타민 E, Se 및 마늘을 투여하여 각 장기에 대한 Se 의 함량을 조사하였다. 마늘을 투여한 동물은 Se 및 비타민 E와 Se 투여군보다 Se 함량이 많으며 특히 정소에는 수배이나 축적됨으로 정력제로 될수 있는 요인이 된다고 본다. 쥐에 Se를 $2\;{\mu}g/ml\;(Na_2SeO_3\;Na_2SeO_4)$ 투여하여 성장 및 생존에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Se 투여군에서 숫쥐는 성장 및 치사에 영향이 없지만 암쥐는 성장이 훨씬 저하되었다. 본 실험결과 마늘이 정력제에 작용을 하는 것은 Se 함유 아미노산 함량이 풍부함으로 이것이 비타민 E의 작용과 같이 불임(不姙)을 막고 노쇠한 모세혈관을 회복시키는 역할을 상승시켜 주는 것으로 간주된다. 여기서는 Se, 비타민 E, 마늘에 대한 동물의 기능에 영향을 관찰 한 것을 보고 한다.