• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.295-301
• /
• 2014

Whistler mode chorus wave is considered to play a critical role in accelerating and precipitating the electrons in the outer radiation belt. In this paper we test a conventional scenario of triggering chorus using THEMIS satellite observations of waves and particles. Specifically, we test if the chorus onset is consistent with development of anisotropy in the electron phase space density (PSD). After analyzing electron PSD for 73 chorus events, we find that, for ~80 % of them, their onsets are indeed associated with development of the positive anisotropy in PSD where the pitch angle distribution of electron velocity peaks at 90 degrees. This PSD anisotropy is prominent mainly at the electron energy range of ${\leq}$ ~20 keV. Interestingly, we further find that there is sometimes a time delay among energies in the increases of the anisotropy: A development of the positive anisotropy occurs earlier by several minutes for lower energy than for an adjacent higher energy.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.42.2-43
• /
• 2016

Electrostatic fluctuations near upper-hybrid frequency, which are sometimes accompanied by multiple-harmonic electron cyclotron frequency bands above and below the upper-hybrid frequency, are common occurrences in the Earth's radiation belt, as revealed through the twin Van Allen Probe spacecraft. In the literature upper-hybrid emissions are used for estimating the background electron density, which in turn can be used to determine the plasmapause locations, but the role of energetic electrons in generating such fluctuations has not been discussed. The present paper carries out detailed analyses of data from the Waves instrument, which is part of the Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) suite onboard the Van Allen Probes. Combined with theoretical calculation, it is demonstrated that the peak intensity associated with the upper-hybrid fluctuations is predominantly determined by tenuous but energetic electrons, and that denser and less energetic background electrons do not contribute much to the peak intensity. This finding shows that upper-hybrid fluctuations detected during quiet time are useful not only for the determination of the electron density, but also they contain information on the ambient energetic electron population as well.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.91.1-91.1
• /
• 2012

지구 자기권의 입자분포는 지구 자기권의 상태와 태양풍의 물리적 상황에 따라 다르다. 가령, 정지궤도에서 고에너지 입자의 flux가 낮아지는 것이 관측된다. 이러한 flux dropout 기간은 대부분 storm main phase에 해당된다. 반면 태양풍의 속력이 상대적으로 높은 HSS(high speed stream)기간 동안에는 대부분 정지궤도에서의 고에너지 입자 flux가 높아지며 radiation belt의 고에너지 입자들의 seed electron 역할을 할 것으로 예상하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 GOSE 11 위성의 electron flux data와 태양풍의 속도를 이용하여 HSS, quiet time, flux dropout 기간을 정의 하였다. 또한, 지구로부터 7~8Re 떨어진 night side지역을 radiation belt의 trapping boundary 바로 바깥 경계지역과 같다고 가정하였다. 그리고 각 기간 동안 이 경계지역에서 입자들의 분포와 관련된 물리적 조건을 결정하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 이는 방사선 벨트 내부에서의 역학적 진화에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 2007년 6월부터 2010년 8월까지 이러한 경계지역에 THEMIS 위성이 위치했을 때 ESA와 SST의 omni-directional flux를 이용하여 에너지에 대한 입자플럭스 분포 함수를 산출하였다. 또한 각 기간에 평균한 분포 함수를 가장 잘 나타낼 수 있는 해석적 함수를 도출하였다. 추가로, 경계지역에서의 입자들의 pitch angle 분포 패턴도 결정 하였다. 이 결과는 방사선 벨트의 전산모사에서 실질적인 경계 조건으로 사용될 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 1998

Noise produced by surface transportation vehicles affects our daily lives, penetrating wherver man lives or works. In this paper, a theoretical model has been studied to describe the sound radiation by the surface vibration of in-service tires and studied about an experiment on sound radiation characteristic due to tire vibration. When a tire is analyzed, it has been modeled as a curved beams with distributed sprongs and dash-pots which represent the radial, tangential stiffnes and damping of tire, respectively. The experimental investigation for the sound radiation of a radial tire has been made. Based on the sound intensity and STSF(Spatial Transformation of Sound Field) techniques. the sound pressure and the sound radiation are measured. The comparison of numerically analyzed results with experimental results was made seperately for the tire in rotation. As a result of this study, a program for the prediction of the tire vibration sound radiation was intended to by developed which enables a designer of a tire to foresee the influence of the various design factors on the tire vibration sound radiation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.87-93
• /
• 2019

Recently, the number of passengers using airplanes is rapidly increasing due to the increase of overseas travelers. Therefore, the probability of exposure to natural radiation due to altitude is increasing due to the increase in flight time. Cosmic-ray penetrates the Earth's magnetic field belt Van Allen, which is located at an altitude of 400 km to 1200 km. Most cosmic rays are blocked at Van Allen belt. However, cosmic-ray could be not completely blocked, and a small amount of cosmic-ray affects the earth. In general, if the altitude was increased by 100m, the natural exposure dose increased by 0.03 mSv on the Earth. In this study, I tried to minimize the exposure to natural radiation in airplanes when boarding airplanes. Especially, I was aimed to minimize radiation exposure by protecting the highly sensitive thyroid gland among human organs. According to the results of the study, the designed shielding handkerchief was able to shield cosmic natural radiation dose by more than 70%. In conclusion, the application of the shielding handkerchief made in this study can be effectively shield natural radiation.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.8
• /
• pp.678-685
• /
• 2006

Analysis of drying characteristics has been carried out with one-dimensional model in the dryer using the principle of the refraction of radiation. The dryer is composed of hot water tank, plastic film conveyer belt, drying material, etc. The model considers the con-duction and radiation within the plastic film and drying material. The film is semitransparent to radiation and the drying material is assumed to be semitransparent or opaque to radiation. The results show that the effect of radiative transfer on the drying rate is relatively large when the thickness of drying material is small and the water temperature is high. When the material is thin, the drying rate due to conduction is also enhanced and the drying time can considerably be reduced.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.124-131
• /
• 2015

Radiation exposure to humans can be caused by the gamma rays emitted from natural radioactive elements(such as uranium, thorium and potassium and any of their decay products) of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials(NORM) or Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials(TENORM) added consumer products. In this study, assume that activity of radioactive elements is $^{238}U$, $^{235}U$, $^{232}Th$ $1Bq{\cdot}g^{-1}$, $^{40}K$ $10Bq{\cdot}g^{-1}$ and the gamma rays emitted from these natural radioactive elements radioactive equilibrium state. In this study, reflected End-User circumstances and evaluated annual exposure dose for products based on ICRP reference voxel phantoms and ICRP Recommendation 103 using the Monte Carlo Method. The consumer products classified according to the adhere to the skin(bracelet, necklace, belt-wrist, belt-ankle, belt-knee, moxa stone) or not(gypsum board, anion wallpaper, anion paint), and Geometric Modeling was reflected in Republic of Korea "Residential Living Trend-distributions and Design Guidelines For Common Types of Household.", was designed the Room model($3m{\times}4m{\times}2.8m$, a closed room, conservatively) and the ICRP reference phantom's 3D segmentation and modeling. The end-user's usage time assume that "Development and Application of Korean Exposure Factors." or conservatively 24 hours; in case of unknown. In this study, the results of the effective dose were 0.00003 ~ 0.47636 mSv per year and were confirmed the meaning of necessary for geometric modeling to ICRP reference phantoms through the equivalent dose rate of belt products.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.14-22
• /
• 1998

In this work, in order to quantitatively predict the radiation flux and propose an idea about how to reduce the radiation damage, the radiation flux caused by pool fire of an LNG storage tank has been calculated using the RISC (Risk and Industrial Safety Consultant) proposed model under various conditions. Model predictions showed that the most important parameter affecting the radiation flux by the LNG pool fire is the wind speed. The extent of radiation damage to a target from fire flame was more significant with variation of wind speed at a low wind speed than with that at a high wind speed. It was found that the radiation damage by the former is substantially reduced with planting windbreak system around the plant. Since the windbreak is most economical than any other method, it is strongly suggested to plant a tree belt in the factory surroundings, especially near by the area of gas storage facilities, linking with water cooling and fire protection systems.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.103-112
• /
• 1993

The KITSAT-1 was successfully launched on August 11, 1992, into a near circular, 1300-km-high orbit with an $66^{\circ}$inclination. The satellite carries a solid state detector module to measure the high energy particle flux originating mostly from the inner radiation belt. We describe here the objectives of the experiment, the detector structure, and the preliminary result.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.94.1-94.1
• /
• 2013

Whistler mode chorus waves, which are observed outside the plasmasphere of the Earth's magnetosphere, play a major role in accelerating and scattering energetic electrons in the radiation belts. In this study we developed a predicting scheme of the global distribution of chorus by using the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) satellite data. First, we determined global spatial distributions of chorus activity, and identified fit functions that best represent chorus intensities in specific L-MLT zones. Second, we determined the specific dependence of average chorus intensity on preceding solar wind conditions (e.g., solar wind speed, IMF Bz, energy coupling degree) as well as preceding geomagnetic states (as represented by AE, for example). Finally, we combined these two results to develop the predicting functions for the global distribution and intensity of chorus. Implementing these results in the radiation belt models should improve the local acceleration effect by chorus waves.