• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제13권9호
• /
• pp.281-287
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 부산광역시 거주민을 대상으로 배경 변인에 따라 방사선에 대한 지식, 지식수준의 지각, 방사선의 편익과 원자력 위험에 대한 인식, 그리고 후쿠시마 원전 사고 관련 정보수집과 인식 등은 어떻게 다른지를 알아보기 위한 목적으로 진행되었다. 분석을 위한 연구 대상은 414명의 거주민이다. 그 결과, 조사대상자들은 방사선의 필요성은 원칙적으로 인정하나 안전성에 대해서는 부정적인 인식을 가지고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 부정적 인식은 방사선에 대한 지식을 기반으로 한 것이 아니라 과거 원전 사고 등에 기인한 것으로 판단되며, 향후 올바른 인식 전환을 위해서는 미디어를 통한 방사선과 원자력에 대한 교육과 홍보 그리고 방사선지식의 폭을 넓히고 나아가 보다 다양한 측면에서 시민들의 인식 변화를 위한 노력이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보통신학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.1031-1033
• /
• 2013

후쿠시마와 같은 방사선 누출 사고 시 방사선원의 위치를 찾는 일은 방사선 방호 뿐만 아니라 원전 사고의 조속하고 안전한 처리를 위해서도 중요하다. 방사선원의 3차원 위치 탐지는 기존에 방사선 탐지기의 2차원적 방사선 위치 탐지기능에 방사선원의 거리정보까지 추가 제공할 수 있어 방사선 오염원의 제거 및 제염작업에 결정적 역할을 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 반도체 센서에 기반한 듀얼(Dual) 방사선 탐지기를 이용한 방사선원 3차원 가시장치 개발 연구의 일환으로 방사선 센서부의 효율적 차폐체 구조설계에 관한 결과를 논하였다. 고하중의 텅스텐 또는 납 차폐체를 MCNP기반으로 최적구조로 설계함으로써 경량의 고효율 방사선원 위치탐지기 구현을 시도하였고, 이를 위해 차폐체의 구조와 두께, 그리고 콜리메이터에 형상의 다양한 변수모델에 대한 방사선 차폐시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 실리콘 센서기반의 소형 경량의 3차원 방사선원 탐지 및 가시화 연구에 활용될 예정이다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.183-200
• /
• 1996

체르노빌 원전 4호기 폭발사고가 발생한 지 10년을 맞아 사고로 인한 피해의 규모를 놓고 여러 채널에서 다양한 내용들이 다루어지고 있다. 특히, 사고시 방출된 방사능에 의한 인명이나 재산의 피해에 대해서는 정보원에 따라 그 내용이 매우 큰 차이가 있어 정보 수용자를 혼란스럽게 하고 있다. 이 보고는 사고 10주년을 맞아 국제원자력기구, 세계보건기구 등 국제기관이 보고한 내용과 최대 피해국인 우크라이나 및 벨라루스 공화국의 공식 보고서, 기타 여러 정보원에서 입수된 자료는 물론 방사선학, 방사선생물학, 역학, 생태학 등 관련된 과학적 지식을 종합하여 체르노빌 원전사고와 그 피해에 대해 정리한 것이다. 가능한 한 평이하고 상세히 기술하여 일반인의 이해를 돕고자했지만 영향의 방대함을 고려할 때 한정된 지면에 이를 충분히 자세히 설명하는 것이 무리이며 따라서 부분적으로 불충분한 경우도 있을 것이다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.95-114
• /
• 2023

During the decades after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) accident, ambient dose rates have markedly decreased when compared to those at the early state of the accident. Government projects have been continuously conducted by surveying the ambient dose rate and radiocesium distributions. Airborne surveys using crewed helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are the best methods for obtaining an overall picture of the distribution. However, ground-based surveys are required for accurate measurements near the population. The differences between these methods include the knowledge of the post depositional behavior of radionuclides in land use. The survey results form the basis for policy decisions such as lifting evacuation zones, decontamination, and other countermeasures. These surveys contain crucial findings regarding post-accident responses. This paper reviews the survey methods of government projects and current situation around the FDNPS. The visualization methods and databases of ambient dose rates are also reviewed to provide information to the population.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.207-214
• /
• 2001

The KN-12 spent nuclear fuel (SNF) transport cask is designed for transportation of up to 12 assemblies and is in standby status for being licensed in accordance with Korea Atomic Energy Act. To evaluate radiation shielding and criticality safety of the KN-12 cask, each case of study was carried out using MCNP4B Code. MCNP code is verified by performing benchmark calculation for the KSC-4 SNF cask designed in 1989. As a result of radiation safety evaluation for the KN-12 cask, calculated dose rates always satisfied the standards at the cask surface, at 2m from the surface in normal transport condition, and at 1 m from the surface in hypothetical accident condition. Maximum dose rate was always arisen on the side of the cask. For normal transport condition, photons primarily contribute to dose rate between two kinds of released sources, neutrons and photons, from spent nuclear fuel but for hypothetical accident condition, contrary case was resulted. The level of calculated dose rate was 27.8% of the limit at the cask surface, 89.3% at 2 m from the cask surface, and 25.1% at 1 m from the cask surface. For criticality analysis, keff resulting from the criticality analysis considering the condition of optimum partial flooding with fresh water is 0.89708(0.00065. The results confirm the standards recommended by all regulations on radiation safety.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.53-68
• /
• 2020

Background: International organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) reported public exposure doses due to radionuclides released in the Fukushima nuclear accident a few years after the event. However, the reported doses were generally overestimated due to conservative assumptions such as a longer stay in deliberate areas designated for evacuation than the actual stay. After these reports had been published, more realistic dose values were reported by Japanese scientists. Materials and Methods: The present paper reviews those reports, including the most recently published articles; and summarizes estimated effective doses (external and internal) and issues related to their estimation. Results and Discussion: External dose estimation can be categorized as taking two approaches-estimation from ambient dose rate and peoples' behavior patterns-and measurements using personal dosimeters. The former approach was useful for estimating external doses in an early stage after the accident. The first 4-month doses were less than 2 mSv for most (94%) study subjects. Later on, individual doses came to be monitored by personal dosimeter measurements. On the basis of these measurements, the estimated median annual external dose was reported to be < 1 mSv in 2011 for 22 municipalities of Fukushima Prefecture. Internal dose estimation also can be categorized as taking two approaches: estimation from whole-body counting and estimation from monitoring of environmental samples such as radioactivity concentrations in food and drinking water. According to results by the former approach, committed effective dose due to ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs could be less than 0.1 mSv for most residents including those from evacuated areas. Conclusion: Realistic doses estimated by Japanese scientists indicated that the doses reported by WHO and UNSCEAR were generally overestimated. Average values for the first-year effective doses for residents in two affected areas (Namie Town and Iitate Village) were not likely to reach 10 mSv, the lower end of the doses estimated by WHO.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2013

This paper describes the radiation doses to human and non-human biota in the Republic of Korea, as a result of the Fukushima nuclear accident. By using the measured airborne activity and ground deposition, the effective and thyroid doses of five human age groups (infant, 5 years, 10 years, 15 years and adult) were estimated by the ECOSYS code, and the whole body absorbed dose rate of the eight Korean reference animals and plants (RAPs) was estimated by the K-BIOTA (the Korean computer code to assess the risk of radioactivity to wildlife). The first-year effective and thyroid human doses ranged from 5.7E-5 mSv in the infant group to 2.0E-4 mSv in the 5 years group, and from 5.0E-4 mSv in the infant group to 3.4E-3 mSv in the 5 years group, respectively. The life-time (70 years) effective and thyroid human doses ranged from 1.5E-4 mSv in the infant group to 3.0E-4 mSv in the 5 years group, and from 6.0E-4 mSv in the infant group to 3.5E-3 mSv in the 5 years group, respectively. The estimated maximum whole body absorbed dose rate to the Korean RAPs was 6.7E-7 mGy/d for a snake living in soil (terrestrial biota), and 2.0E-5 mGy/d for freshwater fish (aquatic biota), both of which were far less than the generic dose criteria to protect biota from ionizing radiation. Also, the screening level assessment for ERICA's (Environmental Risks from Ionizing Contaminants: Assessments and management) limiting organisms showed that the risk quotient (RQ) for the estimated maximum soil and water activity was significantly less than unity for both the terrestrial and freshwater organisms. Conclusively, the radiological risk of the radioactivity released into the environment by the Fukushima nuclear accident to the public and the non-human biota in the republic of Korea is considered negligible.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.226-233
• /
• 2011

Exactly 25 years after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, 11th of March 2011 the Fukushima nuclear accident occurred in Japan and was ranked at level 7 same to the Chernobyl. A Korean and Japanese joint civil survey was conducted around Fukushima on April 13-17. The radiation survey data clearly shows a large hotspot area between 20 km and 50 km radius north and west direction from the accident reactors, with the highest radiation recorded being 55.64 ${\mu}Sv/hr$ in the air, 99.89 ${\mu}Sv/hr$ in the surface air, and 36.16 ${\mu}Sv/hr$ in a car, respectively. 3.65 ${\mu}Sv/hr$ in the air and 6.89 ${\mu}Sv/hr$ in the surface air were detected at the playground of an elementary school in Fukushima City. Spring came with full cherry blossoms in Fukushima, but it was silent spring of radiation contamination. Interviews with Fukushima nuclear refugees reveal serious problems about Japanese nuclear safety systems, such as there was no practical evacuation drill within 1-10 km and no plan at all for 10-30 km areas. Several reforms items for Korean nuclear safety system can be suggested: minimization of accident damage, clear separation of regulatory and safety bureaus with a new and independent administrating agency, community participation and agreement regarding the safety system and levels, which is the major concern of 80% Korean. To tackle threats of nuclear disaster in neighboring nations like China, a new position entitled 'Ambassador for nuclear safety diplomacy' is highly necessary. The nuclear safety of Korea should no longer be the monopoly of those nuclear engineers and limited technocrats criticized as a 'nuclear mafia'.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제54권12호
• /
• pp.4514-4521
• /
• 2022

In this study, the effects of heat and radiation on the degradation behaviour of fluoroelastomer under simulated normal operation and a severe accident environment were investigated using sequential testing of gamma irradiation and thermal degradation. Tensile properties and Shore A hardness were measured, and thermogravimetric analysis was used to evaluate the degradation behaviour of fluoroelastomer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the structural changes of the fluoroelastomer. Heat and radiation generated in nuclear power plant break and deform the chemical bonds, and fluoroelastomer exposed to these environments have decreased C-H and functional groups that contain oxygen and double bonds such as C-O, C=O and C=C were generated. These functional groups were formed by auto oxidation by reacting free radicals generated from the cleaved bond with oxygen in the atmosphere. In this auto oxidation reaction, crosslinks were generated where bonded to each other, and the mobility of molecules was decreased, and as a result, the fluoroelastomer was hardened. This hardening behaviour occurred more significantly in the severe accident environment than in the normal operation condition, and it was found that thermal stability decreased with the generation of unstable structures by crosslinking.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 2016

연구배경: 본 연구는 일본 후쿠시마 원전사고 이후 원전사고 및 방사능 오염에 대한 우리 국민들의 인식도를 확인하기 위한 목적으로 진행되었다. 재료 및 방법: 설문조사는 수도권에 거주하는 성인 600명을 대상으로 하였다. 결과 및 논의: 연구 결과, 대다수 국민들은 일본 원전사고로 인한 방사능 누출이 우리나라에 영향을 미치고 있다고 우려하였다. 식품, 특히 수산물의 방사능 오염에 대한 우려가 높았고, 선호하는 정보 취득원은 TV(49.8%)와 인터넷 매체(31.3%)였다. 한편 다수의 국민들은 일본 원전사고 및 방사능 오염 정보가 충분히 제공되지 않았고, 원전사고 이후 우리 정부의 대응조치를 잘 모르고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 국민 대다수가 식품 환경 등의 방사능 오염 정도와 안전성에 대한 정보제공 강화가 가장 중요한 것으로 인식하고 있었다. 결론: 본 연구 결과는 향후 방사능에 대한 올바른 인식 확립과 방사능 안전사고 리스크커뮤니케이션을 위한 유용한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.