• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.897-903
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• 1999

Many out patients of the rehabilitation center complaint a pain caused by suffering of MPS, and it brings many different kind of social and ecinomical problems such as medical expenses and the reduction in work efficiency. Therefore, we conducted a research to present a fast and effective treatment to the MPS patients. this research was conducted from November, 1996 to January 1998 with eighteen outpatients who agreed to be the subjects to our reserach. We applied the electric acupuncture on 28 different trigger point on the patients with mostly muscular-skeletal pain and some tender and radiating pain. After the treatment, VRS, VAS, PRI were used to measure the degree of the pain on the patients third and seventh visits, and following results were found. 1. To apply EAP treatment, we acupunctured 6em-Iong needles on Tps region, then the electrodes of pulse generater pg-306 E.S.T were connected on the top of the needles. the electric acupuncture therapy was conducted for 20 minutes with the intensity of 4hz - 60hz(auto wave). The treated electric intensity was the level at which the patients did not feel discomfort. 2. Thirteen out of the 18 participated patients were in their 30s and 40s(72.2%), showing highest frequency. There were more female than male with the ratio of 1 to 1:2. 3. six out of the participated patients (33.3%) had the pain for less then a week, and the average duration of the pain of the participated patients wear 0.8 years. 4. The pain occured mostly in the upper trapezius by 6 part (21.4%), then in the gluteus medius region by 4 part (14.3%). Many of the patients with the pain in the upper back area accompanied varios kind of the referred pains such as radiculopathy, HIVD and Frozen shoulder. 5. MPS occured more frequently on the right side than left side then left side and it seemed to be due to the frequent use of the right hand. 6. There was almost no difference in the measurement of the intensity of the pain right before and after the EAP treatment. Howerver, there was significant decrease in the numerical values of the VAS, and a little bit of decrease in the numerical values of the PRI after the EAP treatment. 7. Based on the results of this present research, it can be concluded that EAP can be used for the treating the myofascial pain syndrome with promptness and safety in most cases.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.845-853
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• 2014

본 연구는 핵의학과에서 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 $^{99m}Tc$에서 방출되는 140 keV 감마선을 기준으로, 세 가지 실험을 통해 기존에 사용되고 있는 납치마와 공기층 납치마를 이용해 Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter (OSLD) 선량계에 도달하는 선량을 측정하고, 공기층 납치마의 피폭선량 감소효과에 대해 연구했다. 그 결과 선량계와 납판 사이의 거리를 납치마의 공기층이라고 가정했을 때, 선량계와 0.2 mm 납판 사이의 거리가 없는 0 Cm일 때 측정된 10개의 선량계의 평균값은 0.515 mSv이고, 선량계와 납판 사이의 거리를 20 Cm로 떨어뜨린 경우 10개의 측정값의 평균이 0.138 mSv로 약 0.377 mSv의 선량 감소 효과를 보였다. 선량계와 0.5 mm 납판 사이의 거리가 없는 0 Cm일 때 10개의 선량계의 측정값의 평균은 0.296 mSv이고, 선량계와 납판 사이의 거리를 20 Cm로 떨어뜨린 경우 10개의 측정값의 평균이 0.075 mSv로 약 0.221 mSv의 선량 감소 효과를 보였다. 3일 간의 누적선량을 측정한 결과, 공기층이 없는 납치마의 경우 측정된 누적선량의 평균은 0.238 mSv, 공기층 납치마의 누적선량은 0.176 mSv로 0.062 mSv의 선량 감소 효과를 보였다. 한 달 간의 누적선량을 측정한 결과, 공기층이 없는 납치마의 누적선량의 평균은 0.59 mSv, 공기층 납치마의 누적선량은 0.54 mSv로 0.05 mSv의 선량 감소 효과를 보였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2000

Objective : For relief of back pain related to spondylolisthesis, fusion with or without internal fixation may be necessary. Currently, bilateral wide posterior decompression and fusion with or without internal fixation are used for treatment of spondylolisthesis. In case of severe osteoporosis, discectomy may be done without fusion to decompress the nerve roots. However, the procedure may aggravate radicular symptom because slippage may increase and thus foramen may become narrower. In these settings, inferomedial partial pediculectomy has been done in our institution, The object of this study was to evaltuate such cases with regard to per- and postoperative clinical courses. Patients and Methods : Fifteen patients complaining radicular pain with mild or no back pain underwent inferomedial partial pediculectomy. It was done in lytic spondylolisthesis after extension of isthmic defect. In degenerative spondylolisthesis of L4-5 interspace, intertransverse pediculectomy was done via paraspinal approach not to injure the posterior segment with intact isthmus. But, in degenerative spondylolisthesis of L5-S1 interspace however, partial pediculectomy was done after making artificial isthmic defect via midline approach. Then, reconstructive laminoplasty of L5 was performed to avoid iatrogenic instability resulted from artificial isthmic defect. They were followed up for average 14.4 months(3-31 months). Results : Radiating pain was relieved in all cases(100%). Postoperative result was excellent in 7 cases(46.7%), good in 7(46.7%) and fair in 1(6.6%). Only 1 case(6.7%) showed increase in slippage during follow-up period. Conclusion : Inferomedial partial pediculectomy is considered as a useful procedure for severely osteoporotic patients with spondylolisthesis with regards to keeping stability and decompressing the nerve roots.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.334-341
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• 2016

본 논문은 고 용량, Gbps급 데이터 전송을 만족하는 무선 백-홀 시스템에 적용하기 위한 도파관 개구 결합 급전 구조 안테나에 관한 내용으로 V-대역인 57GHz~66GHz 주파수 대역에서 사용 할 공동-급전 구조를 갖는 $32{\times}32$ 도파관 슬롯 서브-배열 안테나를 설계, 제작 하였다. 안테나 구성은 적층 형태로 되어있으며, 각각 복사 부(외부 홈과 슬롯, 캐비티), 개구 결합 부, 급전 부로 이루어져 있다. 안테나 설계는 3차원 유한 요소 법(FEM)을 기반으로 하는 HFSS를 이용 하였고, 안테나 제작은 알루미늄 재질로 정밀도 높은 밀링 머신을 사용하여 각 층을 가공 한 후 은(Ag)-도금 과정을 거쳐 조립하였다. 측정을 통해서 안테나의 특성을 분석한 결과 목표했던 적용 주파수 대역에서의 반사 손실은 전반적으로 -12dB이하 손실 특성을 나타냈으며, VSWR < 2.0기준으로 약 16 %에 달하는 광 대역 주파수 특성을 보였다. 측정된 안테나 복사패턴의 1차 부엽 레벨은 -12.3 dB미만 이고, 3 dB 빔 폭은 약 $1.85^{\circ}$ 로 좁은 빔 폭을 갖는다. 또한, 안테나 이득은 평균 38.5 dBi이상, 효율은 약 90% 이상으로 높은 효율을 얻었다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 이중대역 저지 특성을 가지는 2.4 GHz WLAN (2.4 ~ 2.484 GHz) 및 UWB (3.1 ~ 10.6 GHz) 겸용 모노폴 안테나를 제안하였다. 3.5 GHz WiMAX 대역 저지 특성을 얻기 위하여 기존의 방사패치 중앙에 위치한 U-형태 슬롯을 대신하여 방사패치 가장자리에 위치하는 한쌍의 L-형 슬롯이 사용되고, 반면에 7.5 GHz 대역 저지를 위하여 급전선 인근에 배치되는 한 쌍의 C-형태의 스트립 공진기를 사용한다. 제안된 안테나의 제작 및 측정 결과, 임피던스 대역폭 (${\mid}S_{11}{\mid}{\leq}-10dB$) 이 8.62 GHz (2.38 ~ 11 GHz)로 2.4 GHz WLAN 대역을 포함한 UWB 대역을 충분히 만족하고, 반면에 3.5 GHz WiMAX 저지 대역 (${\mid}S_{11}{\mid}$ > -10 dB) 은 1.13GHz (3.15 ~ 4.28 GHz), 7.5 GHz 저지 대역은 800 MHz (7.2~8 GHz) 의 저지 대역폭을 가지는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 특히 사용하고자 하는 전 주파수 대역에서 안정되고 우수한 무지향성 방사패턴을 얻을 수 있었으며 2.51~6.81 dBi의 높은 이득 또한 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2004

대구광역시에 위치한 달성광산의 폐광석과 하천수에 형성된 황산염 광물인 명반석과 슈베르트마나이트의 특징과 수질변화를 통하여 산화환경하에서의 환경지구화학적 의미를 고찰하였다. 산성광산배수는 하류로 갈수록 pH가 감소하는 특징을 보이는데, 이는 슈베르트마나이트의 형성에 크게 영향을 받는다. Al광물들의 침전작용에 의하여 하천수로부터 Al이 제거되는데, 그 중에서 가장 중요한 Al-황산염광물인 명반석은 Al의 가수분해 상수인 $pK_1$ 이상의 높은 pH환경에서 잘 형성된다. 명반석은 SEM하에서 뚜렷한 구상의 결정체로서 슈베르트마나이트와 수반되고, 높은 포화지수를 나타낸다. 지표환경에 노출된 폐금속광석에서는 산화작용으로 인하여 다양한 이차광물이 기존의 광물표면에 성장하거나, 피복 되어 있다. 명반석은 특징적으로 구형, 싸리버섯 같은 정벽(botrytis-like habit), 또는 방사상의 결정집합체로 나타난다. 또한, natroalunite를 수반하거나, 이 둘의 물리적 혼합체(mixture)를 형성한다. 본 산성광산배수의 유해성분들이 하천을 따라 다소 저감되기는 하나, 슈베르트마나이트가 지속적으로 형성되므로 하류로 갈수록 pH가 감소한다. 그러므로 하상침천물은 쉽게 다시 용해될 수 있다. 따라서, 본 AMD에서 자연저감효과는 미미하며, 여전히 잠재적인 위해 요소를 가지고 있다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.145-160
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• 2003

Objective : This study was designed to find out whether placebo auricular acupuncture is able to be constituted as an appropriate control group for needle insertion to Korean. Methods : We performed a randomized controlled, single-blind study(n=48) comparing subjective evaluations of needles insertion and avoidance of needles insertion. Both ears were needled concurrently, one real acupuncture(needle insertion) and the other placebo acupuncture(avoidance of needle insertion with blunt tip). Subjects then completed a questionnaire rating the intensity of five sensations in each ear, and also attempted to identity which ear received placebo and which ear received real acupuncture. Results : As for the effects of real and placebo acupuncture on each item(Warmth, Fullness, Pain, Activity, Radiating), real acupuncture was significantly warmer, fuller, more painful than placebo acupuncture. In particular, the real acupuncture only in experienced acupuncture recipients was significantly warmer, fuller, more painful than placebo acupuncture. About the ability to differentiate real and placebo acupuncture, 54.2 percent correctly identified which ear received real acupuncture and which ear received placebo acupuncture. However, the ability to differentiate real and placebo acupuncture for naive and experienced acupuncture recipients was not significantly different. Conclusions : Most of the subjects(Korean) identified which ear received placebo and which ear received real acupuncture. We found that this placebo auricular acupuncture is not able to be applied to Korean, in particular for experienced acupuncture recipients. Further study is needed for new placebo auricular acupuncture or racial difference between American.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.136-148
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• 2004

Objective: Recently scolopendrid aquacupuncture has been a good effect on pain control but it has not been known about clinical safety. So, In order to prove the clinical safety of scolopendrid aquacupuncture, We have observed the physical reac-tion and clinical pathology test after scolopendrid aquacupuncture treatment. Methods: We analyzed physical reaction and clinical pathology test before and after Scolopendrid aquacupuncture treatment of 30 patients suffering from pain, who admitted department of Acupunture and Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Won-Kwang University Kwangju hospital. Results & Conclusions: The results were summarized as follows. 1) The distribution of sex was 14 males and 16 females, and the average of patients age was 46.2 years. 2) The distribution of symptom was lumbago, lumbago with radiating pain, nuchal pain and knee joint pain. 3) In the 30 patients treated with Scolopendrid aquacupuncture, hematologic test did not show remarkable change. 4) In the 30 patients treated with Scolopendrid aquacupuncture, Liver function test(AST, ALT, ALP) showed a slight decrease on the contrary, and abnormal rate showed a decrease of 1.0%(from 3.3% to 2.3%) compared with previous study. 5) In the 30 patients treated with Scolopendrid aquacupuncture, Renal function test(BUN, Cr) and abnormal rate(from 2.5% to 2.0%) showed a slight decrease on the contrary. 6) In the 30 patients treated with Scolopendrid aquacupuncture. Electrolyte were normal range before & after treatment. 7) In the results of the Urine analysis of 30 patients, Leukocyte, Protein. Glucose, Keton, Bilirubin, U-bilinogen were not detected before and after Scolopendrid aquacupuncture treatment, and the rest almost made no difference. 8) In the Physical reactions, all of the patients complained of pain of body partially, only one patient showed reddish and itch, but symptoms like those were entirely disappeared within 24 hours and whole body pain, swelling, headache, dizziness, fatigue and nausea was not observed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.172-179
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• 2017

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of traditional Korean medicine treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis as assessed by radiological criteria. Methods: This was an observational study of 122 patients who were diagnosed with lumbar spinal stenosis and admitted to Jaseng Hospital between January 2016 and June 2017. They were analyzed according to sex, age, cause of disease, disease stage, length of admission, type of stenosis, morphological grade, and dural sac cross-sectional area. All patients were treated with traditional Korean medicine. Patients were assessed with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and EQ-5D before and after treatment. Results: Regarding the distribution of the factors analyzed, these were of note: more females than males (1:3.52); and highest proportions were age more than 70 years (37.70%), cause of lumbar spinal stenosis unknown (67.21%), and subacute stage (42.62%). Comparing before and after treatment, the NRS score for low back and pelvic pain decreased from $6.14{\pm}1.71$ to $4.28{\pm}1.91$ (p < 0.001), and the NRS score for radiating pain and numbness decreased from $6.27{\pm}1.61$ to $2.02{\pm}1.54$ (p < 0.001). ODI decreased from $46.86{\pm}19.40$ to $33.63{\pm}18.66$ (p < 0.001), and gait-related ODI decreased from $3.34{\pm}1.23$ to $2.80{\pm}1.11$ (p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in improvement of the NRS, ODI, gait-related ODI, and EQ-5D for morphological grade and dural sac cross-sectional area. Conclusion: Traditional Korean medicine is effective treatment for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Even in patients with severe radiological findings, it is possible to reduce pain and improve quality of life.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.32-39
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• 2009

본 논문은 초광대역 임펄스를 이용한 지반탐사 영상레이더 시스템 (Ground Penetrating Image Radar; GPIR) 설계에서 수직심도의 해상도를 높이기 위한 시간영역 관점에서의 최적화 설계방법을 제시하였다. 시스템의 핵심 부분인 임펄스 발생원 및 초광대역 안테나에 대하여 시간영역에서의 해석 기법을 제시하였고, 시뮬레이션에 의해 최적 설계 파라미터를 설정하였다. 특히, 임펄스 신호의 파형을 정형화하여 임펄스 신호의 스펙트럼 효율을 높였으며, 초광대역 안테나로는 U자형 평판형 다이폴 안테나를 사용하였다. 제안된 안테나는 반사체를 사용하여 외부 잡음을 차단하였고, 지중과의 신호 결합을 개선하였다. 또한 시스템의 성능을 열화시키는 안테나에 의한 떨림을 제거하기 위해, 저항을 사용하였고, 송수신 안테나는 시간영역 시뮬레이션을 통하여 최적화 하였다. 지중 매질의 영상화를 위해 마이그레이션을 기법을 사용하였으며, 지면의 영향 등에 의한 수신된 펄스의 왜곡 현상은 시간영역에서의 잡음 및 신호 왜곡 저감 기법을 사용하여 성능을 개선하였다. 최적화된 설계 방법의 평가를 위하여, 지중 매설물 탐지용 레이더 시제품을 개발하였고, 성능 시험을 위한 시험장을 활용하였다. 측정 결과 수직 심도는 이론적 인 해 상도만큼 우수한 성능을 보였다.