• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2021

Purpose: Radiocarpal dislocation (RCD), which is caused by high-energy trauma, often involves radial styloid fractures and short radiolunate ligament (SRLL) injuries. Although SRLL injuries may occur as a simple rupture at the attachment site of radius, it may occur with a relatively large avulsed-fragment in the volar rim of the lunate facet of the radius. This study aimed to differentiate the injury type of SRLL and assess the differences in the treatment results depending on the treatment methods that have been applied in RCD with radial styloid fractures. Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients managed surgically with RCD were enrolled in this study. The patients were classified as Group 1 and Group 2 by using the Dumontier method. In this study, Group 2 was subdivided into 2A (purely ligamentous or small avulsion fracture of the volar rim of lunate facet) and 2B (large avulsed-fragment enough to internal fixation) according to the injury type of SRLL. Groups 2A and 2B were treated with direct repair and screw fixation, respectively. Pain, range of motion of the wrist joint, grip strength, and complications on final radiographs were examined. The outcomes were evaluated using patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE), and modified Mayo wrist score (MMWS). Results: All patients were Group 2 (six and twelve patients in 2A and 2B, respectively). The mean flexion to extension arch recovered 79%,and the mean grip strength was 72.9% of the uninjured side. Group 2A showed better recovery in extension, flexion and pronation than Group 2B, but there was no difference in radial deviation, ulnar deviation, supination, grip strength and pain. No differences in the PRWE and MMWS were observed between two groups. Complications included traumatic arthritis in seven patients and residual instability in five patients. Conclusion: When the SRLL was injured, the involvement of a large avulsion fracture on the anterior plane of the radiolunate did not affect the test results. On the other hand, it should be observed cautiously because avulsion fractures tend to disturb the joint's reduction through rotation or displacement. In addition, anatomical reduction and sturdy internal fixation are important for restoring the function of the SRLL.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.237-244
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• 2009

We investigated the effects of acupuncture stimulation on pulse wave variables and heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy adults. To evaluate twenty healthy volunteers (10 men, 10 women) had acupuncture into both Hapkok (Ll4) and Taechung (Liv3) for 15 minutes. Radial pulse, Heart Rate Variability, body temperature and blood pressure were checked before and after acupuncture to evaluate Pulse Wave Variability and Autonomous Function. The results were as follows; Heart rate was significantly increased while systolic blood pressure (mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) were significantly increased after acupuncture treatment. Sixteen subjects didn't change representative pulse wave variables after acupuncture treatment. Energy, height of main peak (H1), height of pre-dicrotic valley (H2) and height of descending valley (H4) were decreased while height of dicrotic peak (H5) was significantly decreased after acupuncture treatment. Time to main peak (T1), time to pre-dicrotic valley (T2), time to dicrotic peak (T5), total time (T) and T-T4 were decreased while time to descending valley (T4) was increased after acupuncture treatment. Total area (At), area of main peak (Aw) and ratio of diastolic period area (Ad) were decreased while ratio of systolic period area (As) and angle of main peak (MPA) were increased after acupuncture treatment. The standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN) was increased while the root mean square of successive differences between the normal heart beats (RMSSD) was significantly increased after acupuncture treatment by time domain analysis. Low frequency power (LF) and LF/HF ratio were decreased while high frequency power (HF) was significantly increased after acupuncture treatment by frequency domain analysis. This study suggests that acupuncture treatment changes pulse wave variability and heart rate variability. Further study on various acupuncture treatment for pulse wave variability and heart rate variability is required.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.1440-1448
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• 2014

Co(II)-tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (CoTSP) is known to be aggregated to dimer at high concentration levels in water. A study on the aggregation of CoTSP using multivariate curve resolution analysis of the visible absorbance spectra over a concentration range of 30, 40 and 50 ${\mu}M$ in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl formamide (DMF), acetonitrile (AN) and ethanol (EtOH) in the concentration range of 0 to 3.57 M is conducted. A hard modeling-based multivariate curve resolution method was applied to determine the dissociation constants of the CoTSP aggregates at various temperatures ranging from 25, 45 and $65^{\circ}C$ and in the presence of various co-solvents. Dissociation constant for aggregation was increased and then decrease by temperature and concentration of phthalocyanine, respectively. Utilizing the vant Hoff relation, the enthalpy and entropy of the dissociation equilibriums were calculated. For the dissociation of both aggregates, the enthalpy and entropy changes were positive and negative, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation of cosolvent effect on CoTSP aggregation was done to confirm spectroscopy results. Results of radial distribution function (RDF), root mean square deviation (RMSD) and distance curves confirmed more effect of polar solvent to decrease monomer formation.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2005

European maple is famous for the optimum solid wood for making bridge which is the most important part in violin acoustics. This study was carried out to investigate the variation of main features, i. e. annual ring width and cutting direction of costly imported violin bridge blanks and to examine the effect of these features of the blanks on the vibrational characteristics of bridge blanks. Imported violin bridge blanks had somewhat large variation in major macroscopical and physical properties and there was little relationship between annual ring density and weight of maple blanks. Resonant frequency of violin bridge blanks had some positive correlation with weight, however, damping having negative relationship with frequency was seldom affected by any physical properties of the maple blanks. Deviation from the radial cutting of tail side(ray direction from top toward feet on the edge of bridge blank) lowered the resonant frequency. Consequently, weight and ray direction should be taken for the critical quality decisive factors(QDF) of incoming bridge blanks by not only inspectors also luthiers who tune the bridge by shaping and are responsible for the final timbre quality of this complicate instrument.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 1994

In the source localization using single dipole model, the influence of the number of electrodes, the position and direction of a single dipole on the relation between S/W ratio and dipole parameter estimation errors is important. Monte Carlo simulation was used to investigate this influence. The forward problem was calculated using three spherical shell model, and dipole parameters were optimized by means of simplex method. As the number of electrodes became large, as the dipole went from midbrain to cortex, and as the direction of dipole changed from radial to tangential, the average and standard deviation of estimation errors became small.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.364-371
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• 2013

Emotion Recognition is one of the important part to develop in human-human and human computer interaction. In this paper, we have focused on the performance of multi-class SVM (Support Vector Machine) with Gaussian RFB (Radial Basis function) kernel, which has been used to solve the problem of emotion recognition from physiological signals and to improve the accuracy of emotion recognition. The experimental paradigm for data acquisition, visual-stimuli of IAPS (International Affective Picture System) are used to induce emotional states, such as fear, disgust, joy, and neutral for each subject. The raw signals of acquisited data are splitted in the trial from each session to pre-process the data. The mean value and standard deviation are employed to extract the data for feature extraction and preparing in the next step of classification. The experimental results are proving that the proposed approach of multi-class SVM with Gaussian RBF kernel with OVO (One-Versus-One) method provided the successful performance, accuracies of classification, which has been performed over these four emotions.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.1266-1270
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• 2020

A code is developed to correct for the coincidence summing effect in detecting a voluminous gamma source, and this code is applied to a¹⁵²Eu standard source as a test case. The source is 1000 mL of liquid in a cylindrical shape. To calculate the coincidence summing effect, the cylindrical source is considered as 10(radial) × 8(height) sectional sources. For each sectional source, the peak efficiency and total efficiency are obtained by Monte Carlo simulation at each energy for 10 energies between 50 keV and 2000 keV. The efficiencies of each sector are then expressed as polynomials of gamma energy. To calculate the correction coefficients for the coincidence summing effect, the KORSUM code is used after modification. The magnitudes of correction are 4%-17% for the standard ¹⁵²Eu source measured in this study. The relative deviation of 4.7% before the coincidence correction is reduced to 0.8% after the correction is applied to the efficiency based on the measured gamma line. Hence, this study has shown that a new method has been developed that is applicable for correcting the coincidence effect in a voluminous source, and the method is applied to the measured data of a standard ¹⁵²Eu cylinder source.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.310-317
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• 2013

In this paper, the contact pressure of the wafer and polishing pad for final polishing process for 300 mm-wafer were investigated through numerical analysis using FEM tool, ANSYS. The distribution of the contact pressure is one of main parameters which affects on the flatness and surface roughness of polished wafers. Two types of polishing head, a hard type head with ceramic disk and a soft type head with air bag were considered. The effects of the deformation and initial shape of table on the contact pressure were also examined. Both heads and tables were modeled as 3D finite element model from solid model, and the material properties of polishing pads and rubber plate for the air-bag head were obtained from tensile tests. The contact pressure deviation on wafer surface was smaller with air bag head than hard type head even when the table had form errors such as convex or concave. From this 3D analysis, it could be concluded that the air-bag head has better uniformity of the contact pressure on wafer. Also, the effects of inner diameter of air bag and radial clearance between wafer and retainer were investigated as view point of contact pressure concentration on the edge of wafer.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.379-382
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• 2006

Clinodactyly is defined as an angulation of a digit in the radio-ulnar plane. This anomaly can be congenital, dominantly inherited, or acquired due to trauma or inflammation. Although the deformity usually causes little functional impairment, correction is made because of cosmetic problems. Male subject, with polydactyly on thumb(Wassel's type VII) received first surgery at the age of one. And at the age of six, abnormal growth on the radial side of the first metacarpal bone and ulnar deviation of the distal phalanx of the thumb at the interphalangeal joint had developed. The authors used the growing bony segment from the first metacarpal bone as a bone graft for the correction of clinodactyly on thumb. Z-plasty incision was made on the concave(ulnar) side of thumb and a wedge osteotomy was made on the distal phalanx. The bone graft was inserted into the gap of the distal phalanx of the thumb and fixed it with K-wires. Deformity of the metacarpal bone and clinodactyly on thumb was corrected effectively without donor site morbidity with noticible growth of the grafted metacarpal bone 12 months after surgery.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.36-49
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the work postures and upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders(CTDs) in female medical insurance bill reviewers(n=448). This study included diagnosis for CTDs, anthropometry and job analysis (workstations and posture). The characteristics of subject were 33.6 years of average age and 8.7 years of average work duration. The results were as fallows. Ergonomic conditions of workstation were unsuitable compared with anthropometry result. The height of work surface(79.5 cm) and chair(43.0 cm)were high. work space was small, and legs space under the table was limited. Work postures were awkward compared with recommended neutral postures. Neck flexion($21.0-36.0^{\circ}$), elbow elevation, shoulder abduction ($46.0-47.0^{\circ}$). wrist radial and ulnar deviation, forearm supination and pronation, and wrist repeated motion(12.7-21.5 freq./min) were analyzed as hazardous risk factors by job analysis. The prevalence of CTDs was 32.8 % by medical diagnosis. The prevalence rate of CTDs in hazardous work posture group was significantly greater than safe work posture group both neck-shoulder (relative prevalence = 5.2, p<0.001) and wrist-hand (relative prevalence = 2.5, p<0.05).