• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.73-84
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• 1992

Many types of compounds have been isolated from higher plants till now, that is, alkaloids, terpenes, lignans, steroids and so on. One of them, named as RA series Cyclic hexapeptides isolated from Rubia akane and R. cordijofia also have strong antineoplastic activity against various types of tumors. Till now 10 kinds ofRA series compounds were isolated and named as RA - I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX and X. Moreover,monogl-ucoside of RA - V newly Isolated from same plant. Many kinds of derivatives including natural RAcompounds were tested for QSAR, and one of them, RA - VII was screened up as a most suitable substance asan antitumor agent. RA - VII(=RA-700) has strong cytotoxic activity against KB cells, P388 Iymphocyticleukemia and MM2 mammary carcinoma cells. RA - VII has been under investigation for Phase I clinical trials.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2005

This study is performed to examine the meal management attitudes of housewives who had elementary schoolchildren in the remote rural areas(RA: n = 318, $37.2{\pm}0.3$ years of age) in comparison to those in their vicinity urban area(UA: n = 349, $36.9{\pm}0.2$ years of age) in the Chungnam province in Korea. The subjects were asked to fill out the questionnaire on their attitudes of meal management for their families. The results obtained in this study were as followings: (1) Most husbands of the subjects had a farming job in the RA while they had salaried workers in the UA(p<0.001). Education levels of both subjects and their husbands were lower in the RA than in the UA. Nuclear families were dominated by both groups, however single parent-family and step parent-family were more prevalent in the RA than in the UA. (2) in terms of ways of getting foods such as grains, meats, eggs, vegetables and fruits, the RA housewives relied more often on self-production than did the UA housewives(p<0.001). (3) The frequency of purchasing unprocessed foods was lower in the RA than in the UA(p<0.001). The RA housewives purchased the convenient foods such as instant noodles(p<0.05), ready to eatsoups(p<0.001), retort pouch foods(p<0.05) and instant teas(p<0.05) more frequently than did the UA housewives, while tuna, canned in oil(p<0.01), milk and their products(p<0.001), soybean products(p<0.001) and snacks(p<0.01) were purchased less often by the RA housewives. (4) Family members except housewives engaged more often in meal preparation in the RA than did those in the UA(p<0.001), which was more strongly observed for dinner. The time spent in preparing the dinner was shorter in the RA than in the UA(p<0.001). (5) The degrees of endeavor to provide the subjects' offspring with balanced meal(p<0.001) and nutrition education(p<0.01) were lower in the RA than in the UA. The RA housewives had more difficulty for performing meal management because of 'over work-related fatigue', 'insufficient money to purchase foods' and 'far distance from grocery' than the UA housewives(p<0.001). The RA housewives had lower score on nutritional knowledge(p<0.001) and wanted more strongly nutritional knowledge to improve the quality of family's meal than did the UA housewives(p<0.01). Therefore, the RA housewives had various problems regarding meal management such as 'over work related to fatigue', 'food-purchasing inconvenience', 'low economic status of family' and 'lack of nutritional knowledge'. As a consequence the RA housewives relied on cheap convenient foods more often in order to prepare the meal easily than did the UA housewives. These findings emphasize the need in the RA for nutrition education for housewives and a range of nutrition policies that focus upon the social and economic determinants of food choice within families to improve the nutritional status of the RA residents.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2017

감마분광분석 시스템 상에서는 $^{226}Ra$(186.2 keV)과 $^{235}U$(185.7 keV)가 방출하는 감마선 에너지의 피크 중첩이 발생한다. $^{226}Ra$의 직접분석을 위해서는 중첩된 피크로부터 $^{235}U$의 기여를 제거해주거나 보정상수를 이용하여 실제 $^{226}Ra$의 방사능 값으로 보정 해주어야 한다. $^{235}U$가 방출하는 다른 감마선 피크를 참조하여 $^{235}U$의 기여를 제거할 경우 복잡한 수계산이 필요하며, 참조피크에서 기인하는 큰 불확도로 인해 높은 정량한계를 갖는다. 반면에 보정상수를 이용하여 $^{226}Ra$을 평가할 경우 간단한 계산으로 평가가 가능하며, 간접측정시 요구되는 $^{222}Rn$의 용기건전성과 방사평형 복구기간이 필요하지 않아 $^{226}Ra$의 신속 측정시 유용한 방법이다. 따라서 해당 방법을 통해 원료물질 3종과 공정부산물 3종, 총 93여개 시료에 대해서 보정상수로 산출된 $^{226}Ra$의 방사능 농도와 방사평형 된 $^{214}Bi$의 방사능 농도의 비교를 통해 유효성을 확인하였다. 대부분 ${\pm}20%$ 내에서 유효하였지만 인산석고의 경우 약 50%의 오차를 보였다. 이는 보정상수를 유도하기 위한 가정 중 $^{238}U$과 $^{226}Ra$의 방사평형 관계가 달라진 것으로 판단된다. 특이성을 반영한 보정상수를 적용하여 $^{226}Ra$의 방사능 농도에 대한 유효성을 평가한 결과 약 ${\pm}10%$로 좀 더 정밀한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 산출된 보정상수를 통한 $^{226}Ra$의 방사능 농도 평가 방법은 복잡한 수계산이 필요하지 않고 용기선택으로부터 자유로우며 방사평형 복구를 위한 기간이 필요하지 않아 원료물질 및 공정부산물의 $^{226}Ra$의 신속한 농도 분포 평가시 유효한 방법이다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2010

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of a combination of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and knockdown of delta-like 1 homologue (Drosophila) (DLK1) on neuroblastoma, the most common malignant disease in children. As unfavorable neuroblastoma is poorly differentiated, neuroblastoma cell was induced differentiation by RA or DLK1 knockdown. Neuroblastoma cells showed elongated neurite growth, a hallmark of neuronal differentiation at various doses of RA, as well as by DLK1 knockdown. In order to determine whether or not a combination of RA and DLK1 knockdown exerts a greater chemotherapeutic effect on neuroblastoma, cells were incubated at 10 nM RA after being transfected with SiRNA-DLK1. Neuronal differentiation was increased more by a combination of RA and DLK1 knockdown than by single treatment. Additionally, in order to assess the signal pathway of neuroblastoma differentiation induced by RA and DLK1 knockdown, treatment with the specific MEK/ERK inhibitors, U0126 and PD 98059, was applied to differentiated neuroblastoma cells. Differentiation induced by RA and DLK1 knockdown increased ERK phosphorylation. The MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 completely inhibited neuronal differentiation induced by both RA and DLK1 knockdown, whereas PD98059 partially blocked neuronal differentiation. After the withdrawal of inhibitors, cellular differentiation was fully recovered. This study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to demonstrate that the specific inhibitors of the MEK/ERK pathway, U0126 and PD98059, exert differential effects on the ERK phosphorylation induced by RA or DLK1 knockdown. Based on the observations of this study, it can be concluded that a combination of RA and DLK1 knockdown increases neuronal differentiation for the control of the malignant growth of human neuroblastomas, and also that both MEK1 and MEK2 are required for the differentiation induced by RA and DLK1 knockdown.

• 복식
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.121-135
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to suggest a theoretical basis to name Sa(紗) and Ra(羅) remains properly by comparing and analyzing the name, usage, value, length and width of Sa(紗) and Ra(羅) recorded on documents made at the end period of Joseon. The features of Sa(紗) and Ra(羅) at the end of the Joseon Period are as follows. 1. The kinds of Sa(紗) are about 80, those of Ra(羅) are about 12, and those of Sa(紗) are significantly more than those of Ra(羅). In regard to the aspect of patterns, there were about 20 types of patterns in the case of Sa(紗), but no specific pattern for Ra(羅). 2. Some newly revealed patterns in the case of Sa (紗) are as follows. Baek -bok-mun(백복문) was a pattern full of ‘bats(박쥐[복])’, and Baek-jeop-mun(백접문) was a pattern full of ‘butterflies(나비[蝶])’ Jeop-mun(접문) was classified into ‘butterfly patterns(나비문[접문])’ and ‘traditional window flame patterns(창살문[접문])‘. 3. When considering the usages of Sa(紗) and Ra(羅), Sa(紗) was used for various detailed purposes according to their kinds and patterns, but Ra(羅) was mostly used for underwear. The most commonly used Sa(紗) was the Gab-sa type(甲紗類). On the contrary, the Go-sa type(庫紗類) was significantly less used than the Gab-sa type(甲紗類). However, it must have been of relatively high quality Sa(紗), shown by the fact that it was used for outer garments. In addition, the Gung-sa type(宮紗類) was the best quality Sa(紗), shown by the fact that it was used for court dress and official uniforms in the royal court. 4. Sa(紗) and Ra(羅) whose features have been examined we Gapsa(甲紗), Sun-in (純仁), Gosa(庫紗), Gwansa(官紗), Jusa(走紗), Eunjosa(은조사), Gwangsa(廣紗), Waesa(倭紗), Dorisa(도리사), Gong-yangsa(공양사), Rasa(羅紗), Danghangra(唐亢羅), Yanghangra(洋亢羅), Yunjura(윤주라), Eunra(銀羅), Jeohangra(저항라), Chura(秋羅). 5. Regarding the values of Sa(紗) and Ra(羅), they were high quality textures and its length and width of 1 Pil(疋), a roll of cloth, were not subdivided in detail such as in the case of plain weaved silks(平絹).

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.733-741
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• 2017

LPWAN(Low Power Wide Area Network) 기술은 사물인터넷을 위한 M2M(Machine to Machine) 네트워킹 기술이다. 이 기술의 목적은 저전력, 장거리, 저속 통신을 지원하는 것이며 대표적으로 LoRaWAN(Long Range Wide Area Network)가 있다. LoRaWAN를 이용하여 사물들 간의 정보를 교환하기 위해서는 다양한 환경에 대하여 링크의 성능을 알아야 하는데 실증적인 환경을 기반으로 한 성능 분석 연구는 활발하게 진행되고 있지 않다. 따라서 본 논문은 실내, 실외 환경에서 링크 품질에 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 다양한 변수에 대하여 LoRaWAN의 물리적 통신 기술인 LoRa(Long Range) 링크의 성능을 실증적으로 평가한다. 이를 위해 물리적인 성능 모니터링 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였으며, 이후 통신 실험 환경을 실내, 실외 기반으로 구성하였으며 설정 파라미터 및 거리에 따른 SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio), RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indication), PDR(Packet Delivery Ratio)의 성능을 평가하였다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2007

This study was carried out to review and evaluate anti-CCP ELISA assay for diagnostic in RA patients from an early arthritis clinic (EAC). The subjects were obtained from patients visiting the outpatient clinic of the Dept. of Rhumatology med.of P hospital in Daegu, during 6 months from July 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006. The subjects were 140 cases : 80 cases from RA patients (60 women and 20 men; mean age 58 years; range, 32-68 years) confirmed by clinical diagnostic. 39 cases of these RA patients were classified as having early RA (EAC). 50 cases (non-RA) did not fulfill the criteria for RA, and 10 cases were from healthy individuals. We performed the analysis with solid phase-ELISA method (ETI-max3000, Diasorin; Italy) for anti-CCP and Nephelometry assay (Roche/Hitachi 902 analyzer; USA) for RF. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; anti-CCP ELISA is more specific than RF Nephelometry assay (specificity 94% vs 90%) to diagnose RA patients with suspected EAC (early arthritis clinic). The combination test "anti-CCP and RF" had a very high specificity (specificity 98.3%, PPV; RA group 96%, EAC 95%), the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Anti-CCP ELISA had more sensitivity in EAC (Early arthritis clinic) patients than chronic RA patients (sensitivity 64% vs 24%, respectively), anti-CCP of RA group and EAC group was more specific than RF (anti-CCP PPV; 92%, 89% vs 89%, 81% respectively), the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The difference of antibody concetration between anti-CCP and RF for RA and the control group is statistically significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, anti-CCP ELISA testing may be useful if performed concomitantly with RF Nephelometry assay to diagnose RA patients with suspected EAC (early arthritis clinic).

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2017

Background; This study was to investigate effects of distance of muscle activity of 4 sections of rectus abdominis(RS-RA, LS-RA, RI-RA, LI-RA) by the shoulder width(x0.5, x1.0, x1.5) and the angle of the elbow joint($0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$) Method : This study was conducted on 20 healthy male and 20 female adult. respectively, elbow joints were maintained at $0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$ flex postures on The shoulder width is 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 times. at the same time 4 sections of rectus abdominis were measured using EMG with maintaining isometric contraction of the rectus abdominis for 5 seconds. Results; The results were as follows: First, muscle activity of 4 sections of rectus abdominis(RS-RA, LS-RA, RI-RA, LI-RA) by angle of the elbow joint($0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$) was a statistically significant(p<0.05), Second, muscle activity of 4 sections of rectus abdominis(RS-RA, LS-RA, RI-RA, LI-RA) by the shoulder width(x0.5, x1.0, x1.5) was a statistically non-significant Conclusion; It was found to be most effective to perform arm posture with rectus abdominis muscle strength exercise.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.28-31
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• 2016

전립선암은 세계적으로 남성에게 발생하는 가장 흔한 암이며, 암 관련 이환 및 사망의 주요 원인 중 하나이다. 전립선 암세포는 안드로겐에 의해 자극되며 안드로겐 수용체에 결합하여 활성화된다. 안드로겐 수용체는 전사인자로 작용하며 세포주기, 증식 및 분화를 조절한다. 안드로겐 수용체 신호 차단은 전립선암 치료의 특징이다. 전립선암에서 통증은 빈번하게 일어나는 관련 증상으로 환자의 삶의 질 악화의 주요 원인 중 하나이다. 주사용 $^{223}Ra-Dichloride$는 28 Mev 알파 방사선을 방출하여 골 전이가 있는 거세저항성 전립선암(Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer)의 치료에 이용되고 있다. $^{223}Ra$은 체내 반감기가 11.4 일, 100 마이크로미터 이하 범위의 높은 선 에너지 전달(LET) 알파선을 방출하므로 매우 국소적인 방사선 영역을 생성시키는데 사용할 수 있다. 골격 전이와 같은 표적조직에 알파선을 위치하게 되면 베타선보다 더 국소적 용적으로 방사선을 전달하여 주위의 정상조직에 대한 노출을 줄인다. 하지만 $^{223}Ra-Dichloride$는 알파선 이외에 붕괴 과정에서 3.6%의 베타선과 1.1%의 감마선 (80, 156, 270 keV)을 방출한다. 본 연구는 $^{223}Ra-Dichloride$ 치료 시 사용되는 방사능양 3.5 MBq과 $^{99m}Tc-MDP$를 사용하여 Bone scan 검사 시 사용되는 방사능양 740 MBq을 사용하여 감마선에 대한 외부 방사선량을 평가해보고자 하였다. 최대 외부 방사선량은 $D({\infty})=34.6{\tau}Q_0Tp(0.25)$(${\tau}$:감마상수, $Q_0$:초기방사능양, Tp:물리적 반감기) 식을 이용하여 산출하였으며, 실제로 vial에서 방출되는 감마선을 1m의 거리에서 survey meter를 이용하여 15회 외부 방사선량률을 측정하였다. Health physics(2012)에서 제공하는 $^{223}Ra-Dichloride$과 $^{99m}Tc-MDP$의 1m 거리에서의 감마상수의 값은 각각 0.0469, 0.0215, 실제로 사용되는 방사능양 3.5 MBq, 740 MBq, 반감기 11.4일, 6시간을 기준으로 산출된 외부 방사선량은 $^{223}Ra-Dichloride$은 $16{\mu}Sy$, $^{99m}Tc-MDP$은 $34{\mu}Sy$의 값을 보였다. 실제로 vial에서 1 m 거리에서 방출되는 외부 방사선량율은 평균 $^{223}Ra-Dichloride$는 ${\mu}Sy/h$, $^{99m}Tc-MDP$은 $18{\mu}Sy/h$ 값이 측정값을 보였다. 감마상수 값은 $^{223}Ra-Dichloride$이 $^{99m}Tc-MDP$에 비해 높은 값을 나타내지만 실제로 사용되는 방사능의 양을 고려한 최대 외부 방사선량은 $^{223}Ra-Dichloride$이 $^{99m}Tc-MDP$보다 낮은 최대 외부 방사선량 값이 산출되었으며, 실제로 측정한 외부 방사선량율도 작은 값을 보여 $^{223}Ra-Dichloride$을 이용한 치료시 감마선에 대한 외부 방사선량은 매우 작음을 알 수 있었다. $^{223}Ra-Dichloride$은 골 전이가 있는 거세저항성 전립선암(Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer) 환자들에게 유용한 치료제라고 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.381-391
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• 2006

This study is performed to compare the dietary intakes and food sources of copper (Cu) using the database of Cu content developed in this study between the elementary schoolchildren in remote rural areas (RA, n=58, $9.9{\pm}1.7$ yrs) and those in urban area (UA, n=60, $9.4{\pm}1.8$ yrs), and to analyze the relationship between serum Cu concentration and serum antioxidant status in the RA. The results obtained in this study were as followings: 1) Dietary intakes of calorie, calcium and iron in the RA were in the 3/5-4/5 of the Korean RDA while the UA were similar to or more than the Korean RDA, 7th ed. except iron. 2) More than 273 kinds of food consumed by the subjects were analyzed the content of Cu and database of Cu content were developed in the present study. The mean dietary intake of Cu per day in the RA was $0.99{\pm}0.07mg/d$ ($170.0{\pm}13.2%$ of the USA RDA) while it was $1.22{\pm}0.07mg/d$ ($203.4{\pm}13.1%$ of the RDA) in the UA. The percentage of dietary intakes of Cu less than 213 of the RDA was 8.6% in the RA in comparison to 0% in the UA. 3) The RA and the UA consumed more than 80% of total dietary intakes of Cu from plant foods. Thus, the RA and the UA consumed Cu from cooked rice, vegetables and fruits as a major source. However the RA had less Cu from meat and their products than did the UA (p<0.05) .4) Crab stew including crab and juice was the highest food source of Cu for the total subjects, followed by seasoned bud of aralia, cooked; beef rib meat, roasted; soybean paste soup w/mallow; and soybean paste soup w/mallow & beef. Major food source of Cu was similar for the RA and the UA such as cooked rice, vegetables and fruits. 5) Mean concentration of serum Cu in the RA was $18.1{\pm}0.7{\mu}M/L$ that was in the normal value, and all subjects in this group were in more than normal value. In the RA serum Cu concentration related positively with serum ceruloplasmin concentration, serum vitamin C concentration and EC SOD activity, respectively. However, serum Cu concentration did not relate with serum TBARS concentration in the RA. Above results showed that the RA had good status of Cu nutrition based upon dietary intake and serum concentration, however some of the RA had lower intake of Cu than the RDA. The overall children in the UA had good Cu nutrition. Therefore, the subgroup of the RA should be supported to improve their Cu nutrition, and this support could give them better antioxidant status based upon positive relationship between serum Cu concentration and serum antioxidant status in the RA.