• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2017

This paper describes verification of APR1400 reactor vessel by applying the system engineering approach, in which the design re-engineering method is used to check the design parameters of APR1400 RV (reactor vessel). The RV is classified as safety class 1 and therefore must adhere strictly to the rules of ASME BPVC section III, subsection NB and seismic category I. This study explores designing the RV by following the ASME guidelines and making a comparative study with the current design. To meet this objective we apply system engineering methodologies to structure the process and allow for verification and validation of the major RV design parameters such as thickness of RV. The structural thicknesses of various part of RV are determined as well as reinforcements on the RV major nozzles. A 3D virtual reality model was created based on the design parameters using CATIA V5 and animation using Dassault Composer V2016. A comparison of re-engineered ARP1400 RV and standard APR1400 RV was done to show which design parameters were taken more conservative approach.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1529-1535
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• 2013

Tuberculosis is a worldwide epidemic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with an estimated one-third of the human population currently affected. Treatment of this disease with aminoglycoside antibiotics has become less effective owing to antibiotic resistance. Recent determination of the crystal structure of the M. tuberculosis Rv3168 protein suggests a structure similar to that of Enterococcus faecalis APH(3')-IIIa, and that this protein may be an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase. To determine whether Rv3168 confers antibiotic resistance against kanamycin, we performed dose-response antibiotic resistance experiments using kanamycin. Expression of the Rv3168 protein in Escherichia coli conferred antibiotic resistance against $100{\mu}M$ kanamycin, a concentration that effected cell growth arrest in the parental E. coli strain and an E. coli strain expressing the $Rv3168^{D249A}$ mutant, in which the catalytic Asp249 residue was mutated to alanine. Furthermore, we detected phosphotransferase activity of Rv3168 against kanamycin as a substrate. Moreover, docking simulation of kanamycin into the Rv3168 structure suggests that kanamycin fits well into the substrate binding pocket of the protein, and that the phosphorylation-hydroxyl-group of kanamycin was located at a position similar to that in E. faecalis APH(3')-IIIa. On the basis of these results, we suggest that the Rv3168 mediates kanamycin resistance in M. tuberculosis, likely through phosphotransferase targeting of kanamycin.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2009

목적 유전자를 숙주 세포의 게놈에 삽입하거나 발현하는데 있어서, retrovirus 매개의 유전자 전달 시스템을 사용하게 되면, 복잡하고 힘든 절차를 거치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 목적 유전자의 BF-2 세포 게놈 내 삽입을 하기 위해, UV로 불활화한 어류 레트로바이러스인 SnRV를 사용한 간단한 방법에 대해 조사하였다. 우선, BF-2 세포를 사용한 transfection을 위해 Lipofectamine 2000과 Transome을 사용하여 최적 조건을 결정하였다. 0.5 $\mu\ell$ Lipofectamine 2000을 사용한 경우 0.5, 1 그리고 2 $\mu{g}$ DNA 사용에 대해 33.8, 40.6 그리고 40.2%의 transfection 효율을 보인 동시에 최소 80 % 이상의 높은 세포 생존율을 나타낸 반면, Transome을 사용한 transfection 효율은 모두 5% 이하였다. UV 처리 시간에 있어서는 5분간의 UV 처리로 SnRV의 감염성이 불활성화되는 것을 확인하였다. 다음으로 GFP 유전자의 양측에 SnRV에서 유래된 LTR 서열을 접하고 있는 cassette를 구축한 뒤 BF-2 세포에 transfection 하고, cassette 유전자의 삽입과 발현을 위해 UV로 불활화한 SnRV를 처리하였다. 그 결과 UV로 불활화한 SnRV를 1회 처리 또는 SnRV 무처리 BF-2 세포에서는 형광이 관찰되지 않았던 반면, 3회와 5회 처리한 BF-2 세포에서 형광발현이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과로, GFP 유전자가 불활화한 SnRV를 이용하여 BF-2 세포 게놈에 삽입되는 것을 확인하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권11호
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• pp.1055-1060
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• 2007

Right-sided heart failure is a major problem among patients with congenital heart diseases, due to the prevalence of congenital heart defects and the association of pulmonary hypertension. More attention is focused on the structure of the right heart particularly in association with congenital heart defects and chronic lung disease. The right ventricle (RV) may support the pulmonary circulation, and sometimes the systemic circulation (systemic RV) in congenital heart defects. Despite major progress being made, assessing the RV remains challenging, often requiring a multi-imaging approach and expertise (echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear and cineangiography). Evidence is accumulating that RV dysfunction develops in many of these patients and leads to considerable morbidity and mortality. While there is extensive literature on the pathophysiology and treatment of left heart failure, the data for right-sided heart failure is scarce. Therefore RV function in certain groups of congenital heart disease patients needs close surveillance and timely and appropriate intervention to optimise outcomes. An understanding of RV physiology and hemodynamics will lead to a better understanding of current and future treatment strategies for right heart failure. This will review right-sided heart failure with the implications of volume and pressure loading of the RV in congenital heart diseases.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to identify a follicular fluid ingredient inhibiting the cumulus oocyte complex (COC) expansion. Thus, follicular fluid or liquid chromatographic fractions of follicular fluid was supplemented in COC culture medium. And COCs were incubated for 48 hours to investigate about cumulus expansion and also the first polar body extrusion. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The fluid of medium follicle significantly inhibited the COC expansion. 2. The fluid of large follicle inhibited the COC expansion. 3. Follicular fluid showed six major fractions at retention volumes (RVs) 1.83, 1.91, 2.15, 2.34, 2.53 and 2.74 ml after separation with Superose 12 column. Of the major fractions, fractions RV2.15, RV2.34, RV2.53 and RV2.74 inhibited both COC expansion and polar body extrusion. Especially, fractions of RV2.15 and RV2.53 significantly inhibited COC expansion, oocyte denudation and polar body extrusion. In conclusion, porcine follicular fluid contained a COC expansion inhibiting ingredient (CEI) that may be contained largely in fractions RV2.15 and RV2.53. And CEI may inhibit oocyte maturation by inhibition of oocyte denudation and extrusion of the first polar body.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2005

The nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) of rotavirus encoded by gene 10, plays an important role in rotavirus pathogenicity. In this study, NSP4 gene of avian rotavirus (AvRV-1, AvRV-2) was analyzed and expressed using baculovirus expression system. The sequence data indicated that the NSP4 gene of AvRV-1 and AvRV-2 were 727 bases in length, encoded one open reading frame of 169 amino acids beginning at base 41 and terminating at base 550, and had two glycosylation sites. Nucleotide sequences of NSP4 gene of AvRV-1 and AvRV-2 exhibited a high degree of homology ($88.1{\pm}7.6%$) with avian rotaviruses, namely Ty1, Ty3 and PO-13. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AvRV-1 and AvRV-2 belonged to genotype NSP4[E], which is widely found in group A avian rotaviruses. The baculovirus-expressed NSP4 migrated at 20-28 kDa and reacted with NSP4-specific antiserum by FA and Western blot. Furthermore, it was found to be a glycoprotein by using tunicamycin, which is a specific inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2013

Repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) has shown excellent outcomes. However it leaves varying degrees of residual hemodynamic impairment, with severe pulmonary stenosis (PS) and free pulmonary regurgitation (PR) at both ends of the spectrum. Since the 1980s, studies evaluating late outcomes after TOF repair revealed the adverse impacts of residual chronic PR on RV volume and function; thus, a turnaround of operational strategies has occurred from aggressive RV outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction for complete relief of RVOT obstruction to conservative RVOT reconstruction for limiting PR. This transformation has raised the question of how much residual PS after conservative RVOT reconstruction is acceptable. Besides, as pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) increases in patients with RV deterioration from residual PR, there is concern regarding when it should be performed. Regarding residual PS, several studies revealed that PS in addition to PR was associated with less PR and a small RV volume. This suggests that PS combined with PR makes RV diastolic property to protect against dilatation through RV hypertrophy and supports conservative RVOT enlargement despite residual PS. Also, several studies have revealed the pre-PVR threshold of RV parameters for the normalization of RV volume and function after PVR, and based on these results, the indications for PVR have been revised. Although there is no established strategy, better understanding of RV mechanics, development of new surgical and interventional techniques, and evidence for the effect of PVR on RV reverse remodeling and its late outcome will aid us to optimize the management of TOF.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 1988

문맥 고혈압 동물에서 내장장기의 혈류역동학적 변동으로서 문맥압의 증가와 동반하여 장간의 혈류량 증가와 혈관저항의 감소뿐만 아니라 전신 혈관저항의 감소가 특징적으로 야기된다. 문맥고혈압에 있어서 propranolol이 beta 1과 beta 2 수용체의 봉쇄작용으로 문맥고혈압을 저하시킨다는 점에서 사용되기도 한다. 본 실험에서는 흰쥐에서 문맥을 부분적으로 결찰하여 문맥고혈압을 야기하고 10일 후에 내장장기의 혈류역동학적 변동과 혈관 수축성 약물에 대한 반응성의 변동을 관찰하였다. 동시에 이에 대한 propranolol의 효과도 검토하였다. 문맥 결찰 후에는 비 펄프압의 증가와 동반하여 내장장기의 혈류량과 모세혈관압 증가가 야기되었고 동시에 모세혈관 전 저항(Ra)과 모세혈관 후 저항(Rv)은 저하되었다. Noradrenaline에 대한 Rv의 증가반응, adrenaline에 대한 Ra와 Rv의 증가반응, 및 phenylephrine에 대한 상장간막 동맥압, Ra및 Rv의 증가반응이 특징적으로 문맥결찰군에서 대조군에 비하여 현저히 약화되었다. Propranolol 처치군(PPL-3)에서 장간막 혈류량의 감소가 초래되었고, 문맥결찰군에서 저하된 Ra와 Rv가 propranolol투여로 대조군 수치로 회복되 었다. 이러한 성적의 결과로 문맥 결찰에 의하여 장간막 혈류량 증가와 동반된 Ra와 Rv의 저하는 비 펄프압 증가로 야기된 것으로 추측되며 내장장기 혈류역동학적 및 혈관 반응도의 변동은 장기적인 propranolol 처치로 효과있게 교정되는 점으로 미루어 내장장기의 과혈류역동은 내장장기 혈관의 아드레나린성 수용체의 기능변동과 밀접한 관련이 있다고 사료되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2009

목적 : 본 연구에서는 로타바이러스와 관련된 신생아 괴사성 장염(RV+NEC)이 로타바이러스와 연관되지 않은 신생아 괴사성 장염(RV-NEC)과 서로 다른 경과 및 예후를 보이는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : modified Bell stage II 이상의 환아들을 monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay (EIA) 결과를 통해 8명의 RV+NEC군과 22명의 RV-NEC군으로 분류하였고 이 두군의 임상양상과 방사선소견 및 치료 결과를 후향적으로 조사하여 비교하였다. 결 과 : RV+NEC군에서 RV-NEC군보다 재태주령과 출생체중이 통계적으로 유의하게 더 높았다($33.5{\pm}3.3$ 주 vs $29.3{\pm}4.4$ 주; P=0.01). 두 군간의 C-반응성 단백질의 최고치, 혈소판 감소증, 장벽 내 공기와 장 천공의 비교에서는 차이가 없었으나 문맥 정맥 내 공기의 빈도는 RV+NEC군에서 유의하게 많았다(88% vs 9%; P<0.01). III 이상의 병기와 수술율 그리고 합병증과 사망률을 비교한 결과에서는 두 군 간에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 로타바이러스와 관련된 신생아 괴사성 장염은 로타바이러스와 연관되지 않은 신생아 괴사성 장염에 비해 더 높은 재태주령과 출생체중을 가지나 질환의 중증도와 결과 면에서는 차이가 없었다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.205-216
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 모형 기반 GARCH 변동성, 실현변동성(realized volatility; RV), 역사적 변동성(historical volatility), 지수가중이동평균(exponentially weighted moving average; EWMA) 등 다양한 변동성 추정 방법을 소개하고, 실현변동성에 비대칭 효과(leverage effect)를 반영한 분계점 실현변동성(threshold-asymmetric realized volatility; T-RV)을 제안하였다. 또한, 예시를 위해 KOSPI 고빈도 수익률 자료의 변동성을 분석하였다.