• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1001-1008
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• 2005

This study examined the effect of corn processing with varying rumen undegradable protein (RUP) on feed intake, milk yield, its composition and, blood characteristics in Holstein cows during the transitional period (21 days pre partum to 21 days post partum). Twenty Holstein cows were randomly assigned to four diets (five cows/diet), ground corn with 30 % RUP (GCR30), ground corn with 40 % RUP (GCR40), flaked corn with 30 % RUP (FCR30), and flaked corn with 40 % RUP (FCR40). The processed corn with varying RUP was fed in total mixed rations (TMR) to cows. Dry matter intake (DMI) was higher with 40 % RUP diet than with 30 % RUP diet, resulting in higher protein and energy intake by cows during pre and post partum (p＜0.05). However, it was not affected by corn processing during pre and post partum. Similarly milk yield was higher with 40 % RUP diet than with 30 % RUP diet. and milk yield was affected by corn processing at RUP 30 % level. Corn processing did not affected the milk fat and protein contents in dairy cows. The concentration of blood non esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were effected by RUP level with flaked corn, however, it was non-significant with RUP levels when given with ground corn. It is concluded that increasing RUP from 30 % to 40 % in iso-nitrogenous diet could increase milk yield in dairy cows during the transitional phase.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.659-666
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• 2009

Metabolizable protein (MP) supply and amino acid balance in the intestine were manipulated through selection of highly digestible rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) sources and protected methionine (Met) supplementation. Four ruminallycannulated, multiparous Holstein cows averaging 193${\pm}$13 days in milk were used in a 4${\times}$4 Latin square design to assess N utilization and milk production responses to changes in RUP level, post-ruminal RUP digestibility and protected Met supplementation. Treatments were A) 14.0% crude protein (CP), 8.0% rumen degradable protein (RDP) and 6.0% RUP of low intestinal digestibility (HiRUP-LoDRUP); B) 14.1% CP, 8.1% RDP and 6.0% RUP of high intestinal digestibility (HiRUP-HiDRUP); C) 13.1% CP, 7.9% RDP and 5.2% RUP of high intestinal digestibility (LoRUP-HiDRUP), and D) 13.1% CP, 7.9% RDP and 5.2% RUP of high intestinal digestibility plus rumen escape sources of Met (LoRUP-HiDRUP+Met). Experimental diets were formulated to have similar concentrations of RDP, net energy of lactation ($NE_L$), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), calcium, phosphorus and ether extract using the NRC model (2001). Results showed that dry matter intake (DMI), production of milk fat and protein were similar among treatments. Milk production was similar for diet HiRUP-LoDRUP, HiRUP-HiDRUP and LoRUP-HiDRUP+Met, and significantly higher than diet LoRUP-HiDRUP. Milk fat and protein percentage were higher for cows receiving HiDRUP treatments, with the greatest increases in the diet LoRUP-HiDRUP+Met. There was no significant change in ruminal pH, $NH_3g-N$ and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration among all treatments. Apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), CP, NDF and ADF and estimated bacterial CP synthesis were similar for all treatments. Nitrogen intakes, blood and milk urea-N concentrations were significantly higher for cows receiving HiRUP diets. Urine volume and total urinary N excretion were significantly lowered by LoRUP diets. Lowering dietary RUP level while supplementing the highly digestible RUP source with rumen escape sources of Met resulted in similar milk production, maximal milk fat and protein concentration and maximum N efficiency, indicating that post-ruminal digestibility of RUP and amino acid balance in the small intestine can be more important than total RUP supplementation.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.55-60
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• 2015

This paper presents an SBA (simulation-based acquisition) effectiveness analysis environment using the RUP (Relational Unified Process) model. The RUP model has 4 phases which cover the whole development steps such as requirement analysis, design, development and test. By applying the RUP model, SW development can be represented with the iterations of developments for each phase. Such a characteristics of the model would make the model suitable for defense acquisition. In this paper, we show the relation between the RUP model and V process model, which is the foundation for defense acquisition. In order to show how the model could be applied to SBA effectiveness analysis, graphical user interfaces for the analysis are presented at the end of the paper.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.95-113
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• 2004

RUP(Rational Unified Process) is a development process which is based on object-oriented, use case centric, architecture centric, and iterative approach. Public projects performed previously adopt waterfall lifecycle model for development of large scale software. However, recently various projects adopt an iterative approach to minimize risks of a project and to enhance quality of software. But few research result on practices of RUP as the subprocess of system development process is available. This paper presents a system development process which uses RUP as the subprocess for a subset of the system. Thus we introduce a tailored RUP for K-CIS(Korean Core Instrumentation System). Moreover, we assess the application result of K-CIS with typical waterfall lifecycle model and RUP. We believe that the results of our work are useful for tailoring a system development process with RUP, reducing risks of development, and enhancing the quality of a final product.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.475-490
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• 2021

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of two levels of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) without or with whole or extruded flaxseed on milk yield, milk component, milk fatty acids (FAs) profile and plasma metabolites in transition ewes. Three weeks before and after lambing, seventy-two Baluchi ewes were used in a completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The treatments contained 1) no flaxseed + 20% RUP (no flaxseed, low RUP [NFLR]); 2) no flaxseed + 40% RUP (no flaxseed, high RUP [NFHR]); 3) 10% whole flaxseed + 20% RUP (whole flaxseed, low RUP [WFLR]); 4) 10% whole flaxseed + 40% RUP (whole flaxseed, high RUP [WFHR]); 5) 10% extruded flaxseed + 20% RUP (extruded flaxseed, low RUP [EFLR]), and 6) 10% extruded flaxseed + 40% RUP (extruded flaxseed, high RUP [EFHR]). Ewes fed 10% extruded flaxseed exhibited higher (p < 0.001) dry matter intake (DMI) and colostrum yield (p < 0.1) compared to other treatments. Two types of flaxseed and RUP levels had no significant effect on milk yield, but milk fat and protein contents decreased and increased in diets containing 40% RUP, respectively. Ewes fed extruded flaxseed produced milk with lower concentrations of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and higher α-linolenic and linoleic acids and also polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compared to other groups (p < 0.05). During post-lambing, the ewes fed diets containing flaxseed exhibited higher concentration of serum non-esterified FAs (NEFA) compared to diets without flaxseed (p < 0.01). The concentration of serum β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) decreased in the diets containing flaxseed types at pre-lambing, but increased in diets containing extruded flaxseed at post-lambing (p < 0.01). The serum glucose concentration of ewes (pre and post-lambing) which consumed diets containing extruded flaxseed or 40% RUP increased, but blood urea concentration was elevated following supplementation of diet with whole flaxseed or 40% RUP (p < 0.001). In conclusion, utilization of 10% extruded flaxseed in the diets of transition ewes had positive effects on animal performance with favorable changes in milk FAs profile. However, there is no considerable advantage to supply more than 20% RUP level in the diet of transition dairy sheep.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.619-630
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• 2002

The various software engineering techniques have been come out in order to cope with the software crisis since 1980's. The software Engineering has focused on the process of software component development. The process products a development guide for a quality and productive improvement of software. But, most of the methodologies assume that a new system will be constructed and reused in the future. these do not actually support efficiently how we reuse legacy system's resources and construct a new system. In this paper, we present an efficient Reengineering Process for reusing legacy systems, RUP+re, which extends and customizes RUP. Rup+re consists of Reverse Engineering Workflow, Re-Engineering Workflow and forward Engineering Process. We describe RUP+re's workflows with their own detail steps and verify them practically through the case study. So, we provide efficient guidelines to the software Reengineering process construction which reuses the resources of a legacy system.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.5
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• pp.845-858
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• 2003

The various software engineering techniques have been come out in order to cope with the software crisis since 1980's. These days the software Engineering has focused on the process of software development which is the guide for a qualify and productive improvement of software. But, most of the methodologies assume that a new system will be constructed and reused in the future. these do not support how we reuse legacy system's resources and construct a new system efficiently. In this paper, we present an efficient Reengineering Process for legacy system evolutions, RUP+re, which extends and customizes RUP. RUP+re consists of Reverse Engineering Workflow, Transformation Workflow and Evolution Workflow based on Small-h model. We describe RUP+re's workflows with their own detail steps and verify the process through the case study practivally. So, we provide efficient guidelines to the software Reengineering process construction which evolutes the resources of a legacy system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.485-493
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• 2015

This study evaluated the in situ ruminal degradability, and subsequent small intestinal digestibility (SID) of dry matter, crude protein (CP), and amino acids (AA) of cottonseed meal (CSM), sunflower seed meal (SFSM) and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) by using the modified three-step in vitro procedure. The ruminal degradability and subsequent SID of AA in rumen-undegradable protein (RUP-AA) varied among three protein supplements. The result show that the effective degradability of DM for SFSM, CSM, and DDGS was 60.8%, 56.4%, and 41.0% and their ruminal fermentable organic matter was 60.0%, 55.9%, and 39.9%, respectively. The ruminal degradable protein (RDP) content in CP for SFSM, CSM, and DDGS was 68.3%, 39.0%, and 32.9%, respectively, at the ruminal solid passage rate of 1.84%/h. The SFSM is a good source of RDP for rumen micro-organisms; however, the SID of RUP of SFSM was lower. The DDGS and CSM are good sources of RUP for lambs to digest in the small intestine to complement ruminal microbial AA of growing lambs. Individual RUP-AA from each protein source was selectively removed by the rumen microorganisms, especially for Trp, Arg, His, and Lys (p<0.01). The SID of individual RUP-AA was different within specific RUP origin (p<0.01). Limiting amino acid was Leu for RUP of CSM and Lys for both RUP of SFSM and DDGS, respectively. Therefore, different protein supplements with specific limitations should be selected and combined carefully in growing lambs ration to optimize AA balance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.535-542
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• 2000

Canola meal and seed are poor sources of ruminal undegraded protein (RUP). On average, canola meal and canola seed contains 35 and 14% RUP, respectively. Several protection methods are effective in reducing ruminal degradation of canola protein and in increasing RUP without affecting total tract protein digestibility. Heat (e.g., dry heat, moist heat and jet-sploding) and chemical (e.g., formaldehyde) treatments are the most common methods used to reduce ruminal degradability of canola protein. In most cases, heat treatments were found to be more effective than chemical treatments in protecting canola protein form ruminal degradation. Despite improvement in RUP content and intestinal availability of RUP, data form several studies showed little or no improvement in animal performance as a result of increasing the RUDP level of canola meal and seed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.583-585
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• 2001

RUP의 Unified Process Model 에는 Use-Case Model, Analysis Model, Design Model, Deployment Model, Implementation Model, Test Model의 6가지 모델이 있다. 이 모델들은 모두 일관성이 있다. 한 모델에서 나오는 요소들은 전, 후 단계에서 다른 모델들과 Trace Dependencies를 갖는다. 예를 들면, Use-Case Model에서는 한 Use Case는 Design Model에서 Use-Case Realization으로 Test Model에서는 Test Case로 Trace Dependencies를 갖는다. 소프트웨어 개발에서 추적성은 Understandability와 Change Propagation 과 같은 이유로 매우 중요하다. 그러나 RUP에서는 각 모델들간의 추적성에 대한 지침이 충분히 제시되어 있지 않아, 개발 과정중에 요구사항의 변경이나 에러 수정 또는 향후 관리 시에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이 점에 중점을 두고 RUP에서 제시하고 있는 모델들 간의 추적성 중 설계모델에서 분석모델로의 추적성 적용지침을 제시한다.