• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.328-333
• /
• 2022

Repeated morphine administration induces tolerance to its analgesic effects. A previous study reported that repeated morphine treatment activates transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) expression in the sciatic nerve, dorsal root ganglion, and spinal cord, contributing to morphine tolerance. In the present study, we analyzed TRPV1 expression and binding sites in supraspinal pain pathways in morphine-tolerant mice. The TRPV1 mRNA levels and binding sites were remarkably increased in the cortex and thalamus of these animals. Our data provide additional insights into the effects of morphine on TRPV1 in the brain and suggest that changes in the expression of, and binding to TRPV1 in the brain are involved in morphine tolerance.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2022.05a
• /
• pp.187-190
• /
• 2022

PDF (Portable Document Format)는 1992년 Adobe 에서 개발한 파일 형식으로 ISO 32000 으로 표준화 되어 전세계적으로 사용되고 있다. PDF와 같이 주로 사용되는 파일은 암호 해독(Password Cracking)의 대상이 될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 PDF 1.4-1.6 암호 해독을 위해 CUDA GPU 상의 최적 구현하였다. 암호 해독에 사용되는 MD5와 RC4 알고리즘의 최적화와 CUDA GPU의 요소를 사용하였으며 RTX 3060 환경에서 크래킹 도구 해시캣과 비교하여 22.5%의 성능 향상을 달성하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2020.11a
• /
• pp.192-195
• /
• 2020

실제 원단의 소재를 반영한 렌더링은 의류 디자인 단계에서 완성된 옷을 미리 파악하는 좋은 수단 증 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 오픈소스 기반의 원단 렌더링 방법과 실제 원단 재질을 측정하는 장치를 이용하는 실측으로부터 렌더링까지의 프레임워크를 제안한다. 옷감의 재질을 측정하고 렌더링 하는 방법은 두 과정에서 공통된 특정을 파라미터화하여 측정하고 렌더링에 반영하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 렌더링 방법으로 Ray-Tracing이 가능하고 적절한 컴퓨팅 성능을 사용하면서 최적의 렌더링 결과를 얻을 수 있는 nvidia의 오픈소스인 visRTX를 사용하였다. 또한 원단 재질 측정 장치로 렌더링에 반영되는 파라미터인 고해상도 diffuse map과 normal map을 측정하여 렌더링에 반영하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 원단 재질을 측정하고 렌더링하는 프레임워크를 통해서 옷을 디자인하연서 확인할 수 있는 실사 렌더링 결과물을 제공하고 이를 통해 의상 디자인 업계에 큰 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.98-108
• /
• 2024

Scrypt is a password-based key derivation function proposed by Colin Percival in 2009 that has a memory-hard structure. Scrypt has been intentionally designed with a memory-intensive structure to make password cracking using ASICs, GPUs, and similar hardware more difficult. However, in this study, we thoroughly analyzed the operation of Scrypt and proposed strategies to maximize computational parallelism in GPU environments. Through these optimizations, we achieved an outstanding performance improvement of 8284.4% compared with traditional CPU-based Scrypt computations. Moreover, the GPU-optimized implementation presented in this paper outperforms the simple GPU-based Scrypt processing by a significant margin, providing a performance improvement of 204.84% in the RTX3090. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach in harnessing the computational power of GPUs and achieving remarkable performance gains in Scrypt calculations. Our proposed implementation is the first GPU implementation of Scrypt, demonstrating the ability to efficiently crack Scrypt.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.10 no.10
• /
• pp.36-44
• /
• 2010

Recently, as new weapons are being developed, test equipments to test their functions inevitably require real-time features. However, since test equipments based on Windows can not support real-time requirements, we have no choice but to use third-party solutions such as RTX or INtime. This leads to increase the development cost of each test equipment. This paper suggests an real-time implemented kernel(RTiK) which operates as a device driver on Windows. RTiK provides another timer using the Local APIC of x86 microprocessors. It supports real-time requirements by periodically executing the required services using Windows-independent timer interrupts to guarantee task deadlines. To reduce the interrupt latency, we used deferred procedure calls provided by Windows. We also used the export driver to implement and modify user-defined functions without accessing the RTiK internals. Using an oscilloscope, we prove that the RTiK kernel proposed in this paper guarantees up to 0.1ms periods.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.381-389
• /
• 2023

Vibrio vulnificus, the most fatal waterborne and foodborne pathogens of 50% fatality rate in the world, is common in seawater and occurs particularly in warmer months. In this study, we investigated the toxin genes using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), antibiotic resistance status using Vitek, and genetic characteristics using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of different V. vulnificus strains isolated from the Jeju Island seawater, distribution fishery products, and fish tanks. We examined a total of 487 samples and isolated a total of 46 strains (including overlapping strains) of V. vulnificus, 44 strains from seawater and 1 strain each from fishery products and fish tank. We detected toxin gene vvhA in all 46 strains and rtxA, viu in 8 strains (17.4%) and 9 strains (19.6%) strains, respectively. Antibiotic resistance tests indicated 100% resistance to cefoxitin antibiotics. The PFGE analysis of the 46 strains identified a total of 6 types showed 100% homology and the degree of similarity was 81.3-98.0%; however, there were no similarity between the regions and samples. These results indicate that V. vulnificus isolated from the seawater, fishery products, and fish tanks should be continuously monitored as cases of food poisoning caused by V. vulnificus with toxin genes have been reported in Jeju Island.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.579-584
• /
• 2004

In this paper, we present the mechanical, electrical system design and system integration of controllers including sensory devices of the humanoid, KHR-2 (KAIST Humanoid Robot - 2). We have developed KHR-2 since 2003. Total number of DOF of KHR-2 is 41. Each arm including a hand has 11 DOF and each leg has 6 DOF. Head and trunk also has 6 DOF and 1 DOF respectively. In head, two CCD cameras are used for eye. To control all axes efficiently, distributed control architecture is used to reduce computation burden of main controller and to expand devices easily. So we developed the sub-controller as a servo motor controller and a sensor interfacing devices using microprocessor. The main controller attached its back communicates with sub-controllers in real-time by CAN (Controller Area Network) protocol. We used Windows XP as its OS (Operation System) for fast development of main control program and easy extension of peripheral devices. And RTX HAL extension commercial software is used to realize the real-time control in Windows XP environment.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.54 no.6
• /
• pp.918-926
• /
• 2021

We isolated 28 Vibrio vulnificus strains from seawater and fisheries and investigated the positive rate of eight virulence genes. Additionally, we evaluated the susceptibility of these strains to 25 antimicrobials. The positive rates of fur, vvhA, tcp, rtxA, vcgC, viuB, vvp, and acfA were 100, 92.9, 92.9, 67.9, 64.3, 25.0, 14.3, and 7.1%, respectively. A disk diffusion susceptibility test revealed that, all the investigated strains had the highest resistance to amoxicillin and oxacillin, followed by that to streptomycin (96.4%), cefoxitin (92.9%), clindamycin (82.1%), amikacin (67.9%), vancomycin (46.4%), nalidixic acid (7.1%), penicillin G (7.1%), and ampicillin (3.6%). Moreover, they were susceptible to 10 other antimicrobials, including cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, and rifampicin. Notably, amoxicillin, oxacillin, and streptomycin had average minimum inhibitory concentrations of 132.6, 603.4, and 23.1 ㎍/mL against V. vulnificus, respectively. These observations provide new insights regarding the necessity for sanitation of commercial fisheries and can potentially, help reduce the risk posed by fisheries contaminated with bacteria resistant to antimicrobials.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.37-48
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The most basic conditions of radiation therapy is to prevent unnecessary exposure of normal tissue. The risk factors that are important o evaluate the dose emitted to the lung and heart from radiation therapy for breast cancer. Therefore, comparing the dose factors of a normal tissue according to the radion treatment position and Seeking an effective radiation treatment for breast cancer through the analysis of the correlation relationship. Materials and Methods: Computed tomography was conducted among 30 patients with left breast cancer in supine and prone position. Eclipse Treatment Planning System (Ver.11) was established by computerized treatment planning. Using the DVH compared the incident dose to normal tissue by position. Based on the result, Using the SPSS (ver.18) analyzed the dose in each normal tissue factors and Through the correlation analysis between variables, independent sample test examined the association. Finally The HI, CI value were compared Using the MIRADA RTx (ver. ad 1.6) in the supine, prone position Results: The results of computerized treatment planning of breast cancer in the supine position were V20, $16.5{\pm}2.6%$ and V30, $13.8{\pm}2.2%$ and Mean dose, $779.1{\pm}135.9cGy$ (absolute value). In the prone position it showed in the order $3.1{\pm}2.2%$, $1.8{\pm}1.7%$, $241.4{\pm}138.3cGy$. The prone position showed overall a lower dose. The average radiation dose 537.7 cGy less was exposured. In the case of heart, it showed that V30, $8.1{\pm}2.6%$ and $5.1{\pm}2.5%$, Mean dose, $594.9{\pm}225.3$ and $408{\pm}183.6cGy$ in the order supine, prone position. Results of statistical analysis, Cronbach's Alpha value of reliability analysis index is 0.563. The results of the correlation analysis between variables, position and dose factors of lung is about 0.89 or more, Which means a high correlation. For the heart, on the other hand it is less correlated to V30 (0.488), mean dose (0.418). Finally The results of independent samples t-test, position and dose factors of lung and heart were significantly higher in both the confidence level of 99 %. Conclusion: Radiation therapy is currently being developed state-of-the-art linear accelerator and a variety of treatment plan technology. The basic premise of the development think normal tissue protection around PTV. Of course, if you treat a breast cancer patient is in the prone position it take a lot of time and reproducibility of set-up problems. Nevertheless, As shown in the experiment results it is possible to reduce the dose to enter the lungs and the heart from the prone position. In conclusion, if a sufficient treatment time in the prone position and place correct confirmation will be more effective when the radiation treatment to patient.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.247-253
• /
• 2003

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae causes a highly contagious pleuropneumoniae in swine. The bacterium produces several virulence factors such as exotoxin, LPS, capsular polysaccharide, etc. Among them, the exotoxin, called Apx, has been focused as the major virulence factor, and the toxin consists of 4 gene cluster. apx CABD. apxA is the structural gene of toxin and has four different types, I, II, III, and IV. As the first step of development of a new subunit vaccine, the three different types of apxA gene were amplified from A. pleuropneumoniae isolated from Korea by PCR with primer designed based on the N- and C-terminal of the toxin. The sizes of apxIA, IIA and IIIA were 3,073, 2,971 and 3,159bps, respectively. The comparison of whole DNA sequences of apxIA, IIA and IIIA genes with those of the reference strain demonstrated 98%, 99% and 98% homology, respectively. In addition, the phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the amino acid sequences compared with 12 different RTX toxin family using the neighbor-joining method. ApxA proteins of Korean isolates were identical with reference strains in this study. All ApxA proteins were expressed in E. coli with pQE expression vector and identified using Western blot with polyclonal antibodies against culture supernatants of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 or 5. The sizes of each expressed ApxA protein were about 120, 110, 125 kDa (M.W.), respectively. The results obtained in this study could be used for the future study to develop a new vaccine to porcine pleuropneumoniae.