• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.253-260
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• 2018

The hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha ($HNF4{\alpha}$) gene is related to lipid transport, including abdominal fat and growth, in chickens. Interestingly, the A543G SNP within the $HNF4{\alpha}$ gene has previously been reported to be associated with body weight in both broilers and Korean native chickens (KNCs). However, its exact position within the HNF4 is not yet reported. This study aimed to identify the position of the A543G SNP and to identify additional SNPs that can be used as genetic markers in KNCs. A total of 128 KNCs were used for the sequencing and analysis of these genetic associations. As a result, A543G SNP was located in intron 4 of the $HNF4{\alpha}$ gene; it is reported as rs731246957 in the NCBI database. Fourteen SNPs were detected in the sequenced portion of the $HNF4{\alpha}$ gene; three of these, rs731246957, rs736159604 and new SNP, intron 6 (249), were significantly related with growth in the chickens. In this study, the TT genotype of rs731246957, previously reported as A543G SNP, the GG genotype of rs736159604 and GT of new SNP have are highly associated with body weight from birth to 40 weeks of age in KNCs (P<0.01). These results suggest that rs736159604, rs731246957 and intron 6 (249) SNPs within the $HNF4{\alpha}$ gene could function as growth-related markers in the selective breeding of KNCs.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.210-218
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• 2018

Background: Soil respiration (Rs) is a major factor of the absorption and accumulation of carbon through photosynthesis in the ecosystem carbon cycle. This directly affects the amount of net ecosystem productivity, which affects the stability and sustainability of the ecosystem. Understanding the characteristics of Rs is indispensable to scientifically understand the carbon cycle of ecosystems. It is very important to study Rs characteristics through analysis of environmental factors closely related to Rs. Rs is affected by various environmental factors, such as temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, litter supply, organic matter content, dominant plant species, and soil disturbance. This study was conducted to analyze the effects of micro-topographical differences on Rs in forest vegetation by measuring the Rs on the ridge and southern slope sites of the broadly established Quercus mongolica forest in the central Korean area. Method: Rs, Ts, and soil moisture data were collected at the southern slope and ridge of the Q. mongolica forest in the Mt. Jeombong area in order to investigate the effects of topographical differences on Rs. Rs was collected by the closed chamber method, and data collection was performed from May 2011 to October 2013, except Winter seasons from November to April or May. For collecting the raw data of Rs in the field, acrylic collars were placed at the ridge and southern slope of the forest. The accumulated surface litter and the soil organic matter content (SOMC) were measured to a 5 cm depth. Based on these data, the Rs characteristics of the slope and ridge were analyzed. Results: Rs showed a distinct seasonal variation pattern in both the ridge and southern slope sites. In addition, Rs showed a distinct seasonal variation with high and low Ts changes. The average Rs measurements for the two sites, except for the Winter periods that were not measured, were $550.1\;mg\;CO_2m^{-2}h^{-1}$ at the ridge site and $289.4\;mg\;CO_2m^{-2}h^{-1}$ at the southern slope, a difference of 52.6%. There was no significant difference in the Rs difference between slopes except for the first half of 2013, and both sites showed a tendency to increase exponentially as Ts increased. In addition, although the correlation is low, the difference in Rs between sites tended to increase as Ts increased. SMC showed a large fluctuation at the southern slope site relative to the ridge site, as while it was very low in 2013, it was high in 2011 and 2012. The accumulated litter of the soil surface and the SOMC at the depth range of 0~5 cm were $874g\;m^{-2}$ and 23.3% at the ridge site, and $396g\;m^{-2}$ and 19.9% at the southern slope site. Conclusions: In this study, Rs was measured for the ridge and southern slope sites, which have two different results where the surface litter layer is disturbed by strong winds. The southern slope site shows that the litter layer formed in autumn due to strong winds almost disappeared, and while in the ridge site, it became thick due to the transfer of litter from the southern slope site. The mean Rs was about two times higher in the ridge site compared to that in the southern slope site. The Rs difference seems to be due to the difference in the amount of litter accumulated on the soil surface. As a result, the litter layer supplied to the soil surface is disturbed due to the micro-topographical difference, as the slope and the change of the community structure due to the plant season cause heterogeneity of the litter layer development, which in turn affects SMC and Rs. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce and understand these micro-topographical features and mechanisms when quantifying and analyzing the Rs of an ecosystem.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.2049-2052
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• 2013

The effects of polymorphisms in ERCC5, ERCC6, XPC, CCNH and MMS19L on osteosarcoma response to chemotherapy and the survival of the affected patients were assessed. Genotyping of ERCC5, ERCC6, XPC, CCNH and MMS19L was performed by PCR-RFLP assay. The median PFS was 12.8 months, and the median OS was 18.6 months. Individuals carrying homozygous genotypes of ERCC5 rs17655 and ERCC5 rs1047768 were more like to have good response to treatment, while those carrying homozygous genotypes of MMS19L rs29001322 showed poor response. Osteosarcoma patients carrying TT genotype of ERCC5 rs1047768 showed a significantly longer PFS (16.8 months) and OS (21.4 months) than CC genotype, with HRs(95% CI) of 0.31 (0.10-0.93) and 0.32 (0.06-0.97), respectively. Conversely, those with the TT genotype of MMS19L rs29001322 demonstrated shorter PFS and OS, the HRs (95% CI) being 2.23 (1.08-4.15) and 4.62 (1.45-16.08), respectively. Our findings showed polymorphisms in ERCC5 rs1047768 and MMS19L rs29001322 to be associated with clinical outcome of osteosarcoma patients undergoing chemotherapy.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.4 s.94
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• pp.477-487
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• 2006

The quality characteristics of dough and French breads containing dietary fibers, which were resistant starches (RS3 and RS4 types) and commercial non-starch polysaccharides (cellulose, pectin and chitosan), were investigated. The pH of the dough containing all dietary fiber except pectin was greater than that of control and was increased with increasing addition level. There was no correlation between pH and the expansion ratio of dough. As the level of added dietary fibers became high, the bread baking loss decreased, and the order of specific bread volume was 5% cellulose < 5% pectin < control bread, with no significant difference in specific volume. When a high level of dietary fibers was added to wheat flour, a complex phase appeared due to the formation between the network structure of additives and wheat gluten, and starch granules were heavily masted by the increased development of gluten-network matrix after the first fermentation like a wide spread net. Comparing the colorimetric changes of breads with the same added ratio (10%) of dietary fibers, the cellulose and RS4 addition breads had lower levels and the pectin-added bread had the highest value in the redness, while the chitosan-added bread had the highest value in the yellowness. Breads with a high level of dietary fibers showed increased hardness, gumminess, and brittleness and decreased springiness and cohesiveness. By sensory data, breads with 5% NSP and 10% RS addition showed high overall acceptability, with higher sensory RS score, compared to NSP addition. In conclusion, it was suggested that bread with lower than 10% RS or 5% NSP addition based on the amount of wheat flour, was acceptable with no considerable change in preference/overall quality and processing in bread-making.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2265-2270
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• 2016

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is one of the most frequent hematopoietic malignancies in the elderly population; however, knowledge is limited regarding the genetic factors associated with increased risk for CML. Polymorphisms affecting microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis or mRNA:miRNA interactions are important risk factors in the development of different types of cancer. Thus, we carried out a case-control study to test the association with CML susceptibility of gene variants located in the miRNA machinery genes AGO1 (rs636832) and GEMIN4 (rs2740348), as well as in the miRNA binding sites of the genes BRCA1 (rs799917) and KRAS (rs61764370). Materials and Methods: We determined the genotype of 781 Mexican-Mestizo individuals (469 healthy subjects and 312 CML cases) for the four polymorphisms using TaqMan probes to test the association with CML susceptibility. Results: We found a borderline association of the minor homozygote genotype of the KRAS_rs61764370 polymorphism with an increased risk for CML susceptibility (P = 0.06). After gender stratification, this association was significant only for women (odds ratio [OR] = 13.41, P = 0.04). The distribution of the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the four studied SNPs was neither associated with advanced phases of CML nor treatment response. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to show a significant association of the KRAS_rs61764370 SNP with CML. To further determine such an association of with CML susceptibility, our results must be replicated in different ethnic groups.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.361-372
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• 2014

A measurement of tunnel displacement plays an important role for stability analysis and prediction of possible fault zone ahead of tunnel face. In this study, we evaluated characteristics of tunnel behaviour due to the existence and orientation of fault zone based on 3-dimensional finite element numerical analysis. The crown settlement representing tunnel behaviour is acquired at 5 m away from tunnel face in combination with x-Rs control chart analysis based on statistics for trend line and L/C (longitudinal/crown displacement) ratio in order to propose risk management method for fault zone. As a result, x-Rs control chart analysis can enable to predict fault zone in terms of existence and orientation in tunnelling.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.38.1-38.9
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• 2020

Chronotype is an important moderator of psychiatric illnesses, which seems to be controlled in some part by genetic factors. Clock genes are the most relevant genes for chronotype. In addition to the roles of individual genes, gene-gene interactions of clock genes substantially contribute to chronotype. We investigated genetic associations and gene-gene interactions of the clock genes BHLHB2, CLOCK, CSNK1E, NR1D1, PER1, PER2, PER3, and TIMELESS for chronotype in 1,293 healthy Korean individuals. Regression analysis was conducted to find associations between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and chronotype. For gene-gene interaction analyses, the quantitative multifactor dimensionality reduction (QMDR) method, a nonparametric model-free method for quantitative phenotypes, were performed. No individual SNP or haplotype showed a significant association with chronotype by both regression analysis and single-locus model of QMDR. QMDR analysis identified NR1D1 rs2314339 and TIMELESS rs4630333 as the best SNP pairs among two-locus interaction models associated with chronotype (cross-validation consistency [CVC] = 8/10, p = 0.041). For the three-locus interaction model, the SNP combination of NR1D1 rs2314339, TIMELESS rs4630333, and PER3 rs228669 showed the best results (CVC = 4/10, p < 0.001). However, because the mean differences between genotype combinations were minor, the clinical roles of clock gene interactions are unlikely to be critical.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1285-1289
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• 2018

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed is an important dietary source of protein, oil, carbohydrates, isoflavones, and other nutrients for humans and animals. But, antinutritional factors in the raw mature soybean are exist. Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) protein and stachyose are main antinutritional factors in soybean seed. The genetic removal of the antinutritional factors will improve the nutritional value of soybean seed. The objective of this research was to breed a new yellow soybean strains (rs2rs2titi genotype) with the traits of lacking of KTI protein and low content of stachyose. Breeding population was developed from the cross of "Jinyangkong" and 15G1 parents. Presence or absence of KTI protein was detected based on Western Blot technique. Content of stachyose in mature seed was detected by HPLC. Total four new strains (603-1, 603-2, 625, and 694) with KTI protein free and low content of stachyose were selected. Four strains (603-1, 603-2, 625, and 694) have yellow seed coat and hilum. Plant height of 603-1 strain was 65 cm and 100-seed weight was 29.2 g. Plant height of 603-2 strain was 66 cm and 100-seed weight was 26.2 g. Plant height of 625 strain was 64 cm and 100-seed weight was 27.1 g. Content of stachyose for four new strains was 3.0~3.50 g/kg. Four strains selected in this research will be used to improve new yellow soybean cultivar with KTI protein free, and low content of stachyose.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 2018

Objective : The aim of this study was to identify the susceptibility genes responsible for lumbar spondylosis (LS) in Korean patients. Methods : Data from 1427 subjects were made available for radiographic grading and genome wide association studies (GWAS) analysis. Lateral lumbar spine radiographs were obtained and the various degrees of degenerative change were semi-quantitatively scored. A pilot GWAS was performed using the AffymetrixGenome-Wide Human single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 500K array. A total of 352228 SNPs were analyzed and the association between the SNPs and case-control status was analyzed by stepwise logistic regression analyses. Results : The top 100 SNPs with a cutoff p-value of less than $3.7{\times}10^{-4}$ were selected for joint space narrowing, while a cutoff p-value of $6.0{\times}10^{-4}$ was applied to osteophytes and the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) osteoarthritis grade. The SNPs with the strongest effect on disc space narrowing, osteophytes, and K-L grade were serine incorporator 1 (rs155467, odds ratio [OR]=17.58, $p=1.6{\times}10^{-4}$), stromal interaction molecule 2 (STIM1, rs210781, OR=5.53, $p=5{\times}10^{-4}$), and transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C (rs11224760, OR=3.99, $p=4.8{\times}10^{-4}$), respectively. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 was significantly associated with both disc space narrowing and osteophytes (rs1979400, OR=2.01, $p=1.1{\times}10^{-4}$ for disc space narrowing, OR=1.79, $p=3{\times}10^{-4}$ for osteophytes), while zinc finger and BTB domain containing 7C was significantly and negatively associated with both osteophytes and a K-L grade >2 (rs12457004,OR=0.25, $p=5.8{\times}10^{-4}$ and OR=0.27, $p=5.3{\times}10^{-4}$, respectively). Conclusion : We identified SNPs that potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of LS. This is the first report of a GWAS in an Asian population.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.142-149
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between stress type and Ryodoraku score (RS) in patients with functional dyspepsia. Methods : 92 (30 male, 62 female) patients with functional dyspepsia were included in this study. Degree of stress was evaluated by GARS and BEPSI scale which can assess acute and chronic stress, respectively. RS of the patients was measured, and mean, sum of gaps and standard deviation (SD) in their RS were taken. First, patients were divided into two groups by sex, and by mean RS $40{\mu}A$ (above and below). GARS and BEPSI scale of each group was compared. Second, correlation between stress scales (GARS and BEPSI) and variation indexes of RS (sum of gaps and SD) was examined. Result : 1. The mean RS is higher in male patients than in female ones. 2. No significant difference was noted in GARS and BEPSI scale associated with above end below the mean $40{\mu}A$ RS. 3. The sum of gaps and SD of RS has significant correlation with GARS scale but not with BEPSI scale. Conclusions : These results suggest that the sum of gaps and SD of RS are associated with acute stress in patients with functional dyspepsia. Thus, it is thought that RS can be useful in assessing acute stress in patients with functional dyspepsia.