• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2010

An analysis of biosignal and performance data collected during driving has increasingly employed in research to explore a human-vehicle interface design for better safety and comfort. The present study developed a protocol and a system to effectively analyze biosignal and driving performance measurements in various driving conditions. Electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration rate (RR), and skin conductance level (SCL) were selected for biosignal analysis in the study. A data processing and analysis protocol was established based on a comprehensive review of related literature. Then, the established analysis protocol was implemented to a computerized system so that immense data of biosignal and driving performance can be analyzed with ease, efficiency, and effectiveness for an individual and/or a group of individuals of interest. The developed analysis system would be of use to examine the effects of driving conditions to cognitive workload and driving performance.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.1109-1115
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• 2008

In the ubiquitous health monitoring environments, it is quite important not only to evaluate the physiological health condition but also mental stress condition. In order to achieve this goal, a heart activity monitoring system utilizing a wearable bipolar electrode is devised and the heart rate variability(HRV) is extracted and interpreted in both frequency and time feature domains. Consequently, to evaluate the emotional stress condition of the subjects, a stress-induced experimental protocol was applied to healthy subjects and the time and frequency features of heart activity were analyzed in terms of the ratio of low frequency components v.s., high frequency components and the relevant the moving average distributions compromising the successive RR peaks intervals in the ambulatory ECG measurement system.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표논문집 Vol.27 No.1 (A)
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• pp.394-396
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• 2000

Currently, lots of research s going on in the field of the load distribution within HTTP. RR-DNS and SWEB are the most representative load distribution research. But, there are still many problems: unbalancing of load, load increase of web server and cost increase. Also, clients that require lots of data like multimedia happens to increase network load. To solve these, research about client/agent/server architecture is going on. But, the clients must know the agent's address and there are complexity and migration problems for design of such as protocol. This paper proposes TBSMS that is capable of choosing the optimal server considering the service capacity of the server as well as the network load. This paper demonstrates that TBSMS uses the web to solve the problem that client must know the agent's address and uses SNMP to solve the complexity and migration problem.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.11-25
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• 2005

최근 PDA나 핸드폰과 같이 제한된 계산능력을 갖는 이동 장치가 증가함에 따라 공개키 암호화 연산을 적용하는 모바일 IPv6 바인딩 갱신 인증 프로토콜에서 모바일 노드의 공개키 연산을 최소화하는 것이 강력히 요구되고 있다. 이를 위해 CAM-DH와 SUCV 같은 기존의 공개키 기반 프로토콜에서는 모바일 노드의 공개키 연산을 흠 에이전트에 위임하는 연산 최적화 옵션을 제공하였다. 그러나 이러한 프로토콜들은 연산 최적화 옵션을 제공하는데 있어서 여러 가지 문제점을 노출하였다. 특히, CAM-DH의 경우 홈 에이전트가 서비스 거부 공격에 취약하며 모바일 노드의 공개키 연산을 완전히 위임받지 못하는 문제점을 갖는다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 CAM-DH의 문제점을 개선하며 또한 Aura의 이중 해쉬 기법을 통해 CAM-DH에서 적용하는 CGA의 보안성을 강화시킨다. CAM-DH와의 비교를 통해 개선된 프로토콜이 모바일 노드의 계산 비용을 최소화하고 강화된 보안성과 향상된 관리능력을 제공함을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2021

This systematic review aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of cryotherapy in the reduction of postendodontic pain. The review question was, "What will be the success rate of cryotherapy technique among human patients with postendodontic pain?". The review protocol was framed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Six studies were included in the review, and quantification of five studies was performed through a meta-analysis. In the forest plot representation of the studies comparing the control and cryotherapy groups in terms of the success rate in the management of postendodontic pain, the combined risk ratio (RR) was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.56 to 1.13) with a P value of 0.20. Based on the quantitative analysis, it can be suggested that intracanal cryotherapy does not play a significant role in reducing postendodontic pain.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.559-571
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• 2003

PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network)과 IP Network의 연동을 제공하는 새로운 프로토콜 ENUM(tElephone Numbering Mapping)은 전 세계적으로 유일성을 가지는 전화번호를 DNS 기반의 구조에서 사용되는 F.Q.D.N.(Fully Qualified Domain Name)으로 변환함으로써 E.164 번호를 사용하여 PSTN에서 제공하는 서비스와 IP 네트워크에서 제공하는 서비스를 동시에 사용 가능케 하는 새로운 인터넷 주소체계이다. 본 논문에서는 미국과 유럽에서 활발히 진행중인 ENUM 모델 표준화 연구 및 개발에 발맞추어 ENUM 기반의 서비스를 사용할 때 ENUM resolution 성능 향상을 위한 Tier 2 네임서버 관리기법을 제시한다. ENUM 위임구조에서 Tier 2 네임서버 제공업자가 지역번호 별로 ENUM 등록 대행업 및 NAPTR RR(Naming Authority PoinTeR 리소스 레코드)을 제공함으로써 ENUM resolution의 성능이 향상됨을 증명하기 위해 ENUM 기반의 네트워크 모델링을 사용하였다. ENUM 프로토콜이 IP 네트워크 사용자와 PST리 사용자에게 유연성 및 편의성을 제공하는 반면 사용자가 ENUM을 사용할 때 지불해야할 인내력을 측정할 척도가 없는 현재 이 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 사용자의 ENUM 서비스 선택 결정에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고, ENUM Tier 2 네임서버 관리를 위한 정책에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.283-309
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• 2021

Achieving profound anesthesia in mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis is a tedious task. This review aimed at evaluating the success of buccal/lingual infiltrations administered with a primary inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) injection or as a supplemental injection after the failure of the primary injection in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with irreversible pulpitis in human mandibular molars. The review question was "What will be the success of primary and supplemental infiltration injection in the endodontic treatment of patients with irreversible pulpitis in human mandibular molars?" We searched electronic databases, including Pubmed, Scopus, and Ebsco host and we did a comprehensive manual search. The review protocol was framed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist. We included clinical studies that evaluated and compared the anesthetic outcomes of primary IANB with primary and/or supplementary infiltration injections. Standard evaluation of the included studies was performed and suitable data and inferences were assessed. Twenty-six studies were included, of which 13 were selected for the meta-analysis. In the forest plot representation of the studies evaluating infiltrations, the combined risk ratio (RR) was 1.88 (95% CI: 1.49, 2.37), in favor of the secondary infiltrations with a statistical heterogeneity of 77%. The forest plot analysis for studies comparing primary IANB + infiltration versus primary IANB alone showed a low heterogeneity (0%). The included studies had similar RRs and the combined RR was 1.84 (95% CI: 1.44, 2.34). These findings suggest that supplemental infiltrations given along with a primary IANB provide a better success rate. L'Abbe plots were generated to measure the statistical heterogeneity among the studies. Trial sequential analysis suggested that the number of patients included in the analysis was adequate. Based on the qualitative and quantitative analyses, we concluded that the infiltration technique, either as a primary injection or as a supplementary injection, given after the failure of primary IANB, increases the overall anesthetic efficacy.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.473-477
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• 1995

게이트 $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ 심근 SPECT의 심근 분절 운동 평가 능력을 알아보기 위하여 심초음파도 및 좌심실 조영술과 비교한 결과 각각 88%, 78%의 일치도를 보여 이 검사가 심근 분절 운동을 적절히 평가할 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2016

Background: The findings of currently available studies are not consistent with regard to the association between the risk of cancer and ginseng consumption. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate this association by conducting a meta-analysis of different studies. Methods: To systematically evaluate the effect of ginseng consumption on cancer incidence, six databases were searched, including PubMed, Ovid Technologies, Embase, The Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese VIP Information, from 1990 to 2014. Statistical analyses based on the protocol employed for a systematic review were conducted to calculate the summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: We identified nine studies, including five cohort studies, three case-control studies, and one randomized controlled trial, evaluating the association between ginseng consumption and cancer risk; these studies involved 7,436 cases and 334,544 participants. The data from the meta-analysis indicated a significant 16% lower risk of developing cancer in patients who consumed ginseng (RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.76-0.92), with evidence of heterogeneity (p = 0.0007, $I^2$ = 70%). Stratified analyses suggested that the significant heterogeneity may result from the incidence data for gastric cancer that were included in this study. Publication bias also showed the same result as the stratified analyses. In addition, subgroup analyses for four specific types of cancer (colorectal cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, and liver cancer) were also performed. The summary RRs for ginseng intake versus no ginseng consumption were 0.77 for lung cancer, 0.83 for gastric cancer, 0.81 for liver cancer, and 0.77 for colorectal cancer. Conclusion: The findings of this meta-analysis indicated that ginseng consumption is associated with a significantly decreased risk of cancer and that the effect is not organ specific.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

Background: Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is known to have a lower success rate for anesthesia in patients with irreversible pulpitis. This calls for supplementary techniques to effectively anesthetize such patients. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the published literature for determining the success rate of anesthesia induction using post-IANB intraligamentary (IL) injection in the mandibular teeth of patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. The review question was, "What is the success rate of IL injection in the mandibular teeth of patients with irreversible pulpitis as a supplementary technique for endodontic treatment?" Methods: A thorough search of electronic databases and manual searches were performed. The protocol of the review was framed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with a proper criterion for inclusion and exclusion of studies. The included studies were analyzed using the Cochrane Collaboration "Risk of Bias" tool. A meta-analysis that included a comparison of primary nerve block and supplemental IL injection was performed. The success rate was evaluated using the combined risk ratio (RR) with a random risk model. A funnel plot was created to measure publication bias. Results: After all analyses, four studies were included. In the forest plot representation, RRs were 3.56 (95% CI: 2.86, 4.44), which were in favor of the supplemental IL injections. Statistical heterogeneity was found to be 0%. These values suggest that supplemental IL injections provide better success rates for anesthesia. Conclusion: According to the pooled qualitative and quantitative analyses, supplemental IL injections increased anesthetic efficacy.