• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2018

Background: Respiratory protection equipment (RPE) is the last resort to control exposure to workplace air pollutants. A comprehensive respiratory protection program (RPP) ensures that RPE is selected, used, and cared properly. Therefore, RPP must be well integrated into the occupational health and safety requirements. In this study, we evaluated the implementation of RPP in Iranian petrochemical industries to identify the required solutions to improve the current status of respiratory protection. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 24 petrochemical industries in Iran. The survey instrument was a checklist extracted from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration respiratory protection standard. An index, Respiratory Protection Program Index (RPPI), was developed and weighted by analytic hierarchy process to determine the compliance rate (CR) of provided respiratory protection measures with the RPP standard. Data analysis was performed using Excel 2010. Results: The most important element of RPP, according to experts, was respiratory hazard evaluation. The average value of RPPI in the petrochemical plants was $49{\pm}15%$. The highest and lowest of CR among RPP elements were RPE selection and medical evaluation, respectively. Conclusion: None of studied petrochemical industries implemented RPP completely. This can lead to employees' overexposure to hazardous workplace air contaminants. Increasing awareness of employees and employers through training is suggested by this study to improve such conditions.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.188-198
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a relapse prevention program (RPP) and examine the effects of the RPP on insight, empowerment, and treatment adherence in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 54 inpatients who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia (experimental group: 26, control group: 28). The study was carried out from February 7, 2012 to February 6, 2013. Over a 10-day period prior to discharge each participant in the experimental group received three one-hour sessions of RPP a one-to-one patient-nurse interaction. Data were collected using Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD), Empowerment Scale, and Insight and Treatment Attitude Questionnaire (ITAQ) and analyzed using PASW 18.0 with chi-square test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and ANCOVA. Results: The experimental group had a significant increase in insight and treatment adherence compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference in empowerment between the two groups. Conclusion: Findings indicate that the RPP for patients with schizophrenia was effective in improving insight and treatment adherence. A longitudinal study is needed to confirm the persistence of these effects of RPP in patients with schizophrenia.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2016년도 제54차 하계학술대회논문집 24권2호
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• pp.239-240
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 RPP(Rural Postman Problem)을 시뮬레이션 하기 위한 툴을 설계하고 구현하였다. RPP 문제의 해를 구하기 위해 유전 알고리즘을 시뮬레이션 툴 내부에 엔진으로 구현하였다. 시뮬레이션 툴의 구성은 유전 알고리즘의 파라미터를 설정하기 위한 사용자 인터페이스 부분과 시뮬레이션 결과를 그래프로 표현해 주는 Presentation Layer, 유전 알고리즘을 이용하여 경로탐색을 처리하는 Operation Layer, 유전 알고리즘에서 사용되는 염색체들을 저장 관리하는 Data Layer로 되어 있다. 본 논문에서 구현한 시뮬레이션 툴을 이용하여 다양한 RPP 문제를 파라미터의 설정만을 통해 해를 구할 수 있으며, 실험 결과를 그래프로 확인할 수 있다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.709-717
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• 1997

For an undirected graph G=(V, E), the Rural Postman Problem (RPP) is a problem that finds a minimum cost tour that must pass edges in E'($\subseteq$ E) at least once. RPP, such as Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), is known as an NP. Complete problem. In the previous study of RPP, he structure of the chromosome is constructed by E' and the direction of the edge. Hence, the larger the size of IE' I is, the larger the size of the chromosome and the size of the solution space are. In this paper, we transform the RPP into a Hamiltonian graph and use a genetic algorithm to solve the transformed problem using restructured chromosomes. In the simulations, we analyze our method and the previous study. From the simulation results, it is found that the results of the proposed method is better than those of the previous method and the proposed method also obtains the near optimal solution in earlier generations than the previous study.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2003

Effects of kimchi and its ingredients, vitamin C and $\beta$-sitosterol on the growth of Helicobacter pylori were investigated. Three kimchi variations were studied: a standard recipe (kimchi I) and two functional variations for cancer prevention and treatment made with organically grown ingredients (kimch II and III). Methanol extracts and juices from kimchi I and III did not inhibit the growth of H. pylori. However, 10 mm and 12 mm inhibition zones were formed by methanol extract and juice from kimchi II, which had higher concentrations of red pepper powder (RPP) than those of kimchi I and III. Among the major kimchi ingredients, methanol extracts of RPP, garlic and ginger substantially inhibited the growth of H. pylori. The maximal inhibition zone (30 mm) was attained with garlic treatment. Inhibitory effects of the RPP, garlic and the sub-ingredient mixture (prepared with radish, garlic, RPP, ginger, green onion, sugar and fermented anchovy juice) on H. pylori were decreased by lactic acid bacteria fermentation. Neither the fermented garlic nor the fermented sub-ingredient mixture inhibited the growth of H. pylori. But, the inhibition Bone of fermented RPP was 12 mm, which was less than the 16 mm inhibition zone formed by the non-fermented RPP. Vitamin C and $\beta$-sitosterol which are known to be functional active compounds of kimchi also showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of H. pylori after 3 days of incubation. Further study is needed to determine why the inhibitory effect is removed or decreased by lactic acid fermentation, and to determine if fresh kimchi and lactic acid bacteria of kimchi can inhibit the growth of H. pylori.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.156-160
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• 2011

고춧가루의 살균을 위하여 이송판 상부와 하부에 각각 총 4개의 적외선램프(총출력 8000 W)와 온수순환장치를 장착하고 진동장치를 사용해 분체를 이송하는 분체살균장치를 제작하였다. 진균은 2000 W 이상의 적외선 출력에서 대한 완전살균이 가능하였다. 그러나 일반세균수는 유의적으로 감소하지는 아니하였다. 고춧가루 중 미생물의 효과적인 살균과 수분함량의 감소를 줄이기 위한 고춧가루의 최적 이동속도는 106-164 g/min 범위로 확인되었다. 고춧가루의 입자크기와 무관하게 진균을 완전히 살균할 수 있었으며 수분 함량은 9 mesh보다는 32 mesh의 고운 고춧가루가 더 높은 수분함량의 감소를 보여 주었다. 고춧가루에 대한 반복된 적외선 살균은 고춧가루의 수분함량(초기 12.6%)의 급속한 감소(2회 살균 후 4.6%)로 인하여 바람직하지 아니하였다. 1회 살균만으로도 진균은 불검출 되었으며 살균 횟수가 증가할수록 수분함량이 감소하였다. 한편 적외선살균 후 고춧가루의 총 capsaicinoid의 함량과 ASTA 색도, 표면색도는 모든 살균 조건에서 살균전과 비교하여 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.1251-1257
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• 2000

고춧가루는 품종과 산지, 재배조건, 가공저장조건 등 여러 요인에 의해 각 성분들의 함량에 차이가 있지만 일반적인 성분의 함량을 알아보기 위하여 국내에서 고춧가루로 많이 사용되는 품종과 농협에서 시판되고 있는 고춧가루를 산지별로 구입하여 품종과 산지에 따른 비타민 C, carotenoid, ASTA 색도, capsaicinoid, 유리당의 함량차이를 알아보았다. 품종별 비타민 C 함량은 조흥이 230 mg%,산지별로는 영양산이 263 mg%로 높았고 이 경우 환원형 비타민 C 함량이 산화형 비타민 C 함량보다 많았다. Carotenoid은 품종별로는 명품이 627.6 mg%로 가장 높았고 산지별로는 태양초인 영양산이 497.6 mg%로 가장 높았다. 그리고 carotenoid함량과 관련이 있는 ASTA 색도는 carotenoid 함량이 높았던 명품과 영양산이 색도에서도 높은 값을 나타내었다. Capsaicinoid 함량은 재래종이며 국이나 찌개의 매운 맛을 내는데 사용하는 청양이 126.1 mg%로 가장 많은 양을 나타냈고 산지별 큰 차이는 없었지만 전라도 지역의 고춧가루가 타지역에 비해 높았고 영양의 capsaioinoid 함량이 41.7 mg%로 낮았다. 유리당 함량은 영양산이 19.1%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 품종별에서는 명품이 외적요소인 색도가 가장 좋고 그와 관련하여 carotenoid의 함량도 높았으며 산지별에서는 영양산이 비타민 C 함량, carotenoid 함량, ASTA 색도, 유리당함량은 높았으나 매운맛을 내는 capsaicinoid의 함량은 낮게 나타났다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2005

Commonly used spices in Korean cooking (red pepper powder, garlic, ginger) were evaluated for anti-obesity properties and effects on triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol in blood and adipose tissues in rats fed a high fat (20%) diet. SD rats were raised for four weeks on either a normal diet (ND, based on the AIN-93M diet), high fat diet (HFD, supplemented with 16% lard oil in the ND), or diets containing 5% red pepper powder (RPP), garlic or ginger. These spices significantly decreased weight gain compared to HFD, but garlic and ginger showed a greater effect on reducing weight gain than RPP. The weights of liver and epididymal and perirenal fat pads in garlic and ginger diet groups were lower than those of the HFD groups (p < 0.05). The garlic and ginger also decreased triglyceride and cholesterol contents in liver and epididymal and perirenal fat pad, reversing the higher levels seen in HFD. RPP, garlic and ginger supplemented diets were effective in lowering serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels (p< 0.05). These results indicated that garlic and ginger more effectively suppressed the effects of HFD on body fat gain and lipid values of adipose tissues and serum than RPP.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.853-863
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• 1999

the change of physical properties (thickness, weight, air permeability) and mechanical properties(abrasion resistance breaking load and displacement) of samples were determined after heat exposure by a RPP tester. The effect of exposure time and heat flux intensity on the changes and the relationship between physical properties and mechanical properties were investigated. FR treated cotton Kevlar/PBI and Nomex with different structureal characteristics were chosen for specimens. The changes of physical properties and mechanical properties were calculated based on their initial values before heat exposure. The longer exposure time and the high heat flux intensity the more changes of those properties. Heat flux intensity was more effective on the changes, The showed to be affected by an interplay of shrinkage and pyrolysis products loss. The changes of thickness and abrasion resistance showed to be higher for plain weave fabric and those of air permeabiliyt and breaking load and displacement for twill weave fabric. While FR treated cotton which have high RPP value experienced serious and detrimental changes after heat exposure Kevlar/PBI which has low RPP value showed no high changes. In conclusion it could be confirmed that when total performance of a protective clothing is estimated retention capability of physical and mechanical properties after heat exposure as well as RPP value must be considered.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.747-751
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• 1999

The Hohenheim in vitro gas test was used to assess the nutritional value of some crop residues of known in vivo digestibility. The crop residues are groundnut shells (GNS) corn cobs (CC); cassava peels (CaP); unripe and ripe plantain peels (UPP, RPP) and citrus pulp/peels (CPP). Compared to other crop residues, crude protein (CP) content of CC was low. Except for CaP and CPP that had low neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF), other residues contained a high amount of cell wall constituents. Net gas production was significantly different among the crop residues (p<0.05). Gas production was highest in CPP followed by CaP. CC, UPP and RPP have the same volume of net gas production, while the least net gas production was in GNS. True dry matter (TDM) digestibility was significantly different (p<0.05) among the residues. GNS was the least in TDM digestibility. CaP, UPP and RPP had similar TDM digestibility values, while the highest TDM digestibility was obtained in CPP. OM digestibility was different among the residues (p<0.05). CaP and CPP had the same ME value while CC, UPP and RPP had close ME values and GNS the least in ME (p<0.05). The potential extent (b) and rate (c) of gas production were statistical different among the residues (p<0.05). The Hohenheim gas test gave high in vitro organic matter (OM) digestibility for CC, CaP, UPP and RPP and CPP. Fermentable carbohydrates and probably available nitrogen in the crop residues influenced net gas production. The results showed that crop residues besides, providing bulk are also a source of energy and fermentable products which could be used in ruminant livestock production in the tropics.