• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2002

RPP(maleic-anhydride grafted PP)and OPS(oxazoline grafted PS) do not react to each other, and thus show immiscibility. In this study, Nylons was added to RPP/OPS blend systems, as a reactive compatibilizer for enhancing the miscibility of the blends. When Nylon6 was added to the blends of RPP and OPS, RPP/Nylon6/OPS was produced. The effects of the molar ratio of Nylon6 on the RPP-Nylon6-OPS reaction were studied. Torque test and FT-IR analysis have been carried out to investigate the reaction of RPP/Nylon6/OPS system. The reaction torgue ratio and reaction efficiency show the maximum values at 1 : 0.66 : 1 and 1 : 1 : 1 (in moles) for RPP/Nylon6/OPS. In the RPP/Nylon6/OPS blends, their mechanical properties were changed with the molar ratio of Nylon6 and showed the highest value at molar ratio of 1.5. Physical properties and compatibility of RPP/Nylon6/OPS were compared with those of PP/Nylon6/OPS. Consequently, RPP/Nylon6/OPS plays a proper role as a reactive compatibilizer to the PP/PS blend system.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.449-454
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• 2007

An electrohydraulic (EH) pump-driven closed-loop blood pressure regulatory system was developed based on flow-mediated vascular occlusion using the vascular occlusive cuff technique. It is very useful for investigating blood pressure-dependant physiological variability, in particular, that could identify the principal mediators of renal autoregulation, such as tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) and myogenic (MYO), during blood pressure regulation. To address this issue, renal perfusion pressure (RPP) should be well regulated under various experimental conditions. In this paper, we designed a new EH pump-driven RPP regulatory system capable of implementing precise and rapid RPP regulation. A closed-loop servo-controlwas developed with an optimal proportional plus integral (PI) compensation using the dynamic feedback RPP signal from animals. An in vivo performance was evaluated in terms of flow-mediated RPP occlusion, maintenance, and release responses. Step change to 80 mmHg reference from normal RPP revealed steady state error of ${\pm}3%$ during the RPP regulatory period after PI action. We obtained rapid RPP release time of approximately 300 ms. It is concluded that the proposed EH RPP regulatory system could be utilized in in vivo performance to study various pressure-flow relationships in diverse fields of physiology, and in particular, in renal autoregulation mechanisms.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.162-167
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• 2002

The effect of red pepper powder (RPP) or kimchi on body weight and blood and tissue lipids was evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high fat diet (HFD). RPP (0.006% capsaicin) diet contained 5% RPP in HFD; the kimchi diet was 10% kimchi (50% RPP by dry weight) in HFD. Food consumption of the RPP and kimchi diet groups was not different than the normal or HFD groups, but final body weights were significantly lower than the HFD group (p <0.05) after 4 weeks on the RPP or kimchi diets. The weights of liver, epididymal fat pad and perirenal fat pad in RPP and kimchi diet groups were lower than those of the HFD group, but the rats on the kimchi diet had even lower weights than those on the RPP diet. Plasma concentrations of triglyceride and cholesterol were lowest in the kimchi diet group (p<0.05). The RPP and kimchi diet groups had lower total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol in liver; as well as in tissue fat prods than the HFD group, with the greatest effect being in the kimchi diet group. These results suggested that RPP and kimchi consumption can reverse the effects of HFD on weight gain and blood and tissue lipids, and that kimchi does so more effectively than RPP alone.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.25-39
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• 2001

Calling Party Pays(CPP) and Receiving Party Pays(RPP) are the models for billing mobile telecom services. CPP makes the person who originates the call liable for the per-minute charges, even if the caller is not a mobile telephone customer. However, RPP makes the person who receives a call pay the per-minute charges associated with that call. This paper collected and analyzed some foreign cases to understand the impact of CPP and RPP. This paper also analyzes the key issues that will face the industry in implementing CPP and RPP.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.15 no.6 s.66
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• pp.85-93
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• 2000

본 고에서는 이동전화요금부과방식으로서 발신자부담방식(CPP)과 수신자부담방식(RPP)의 개념과 장.단점, CPP와 RPP 도입국가의 운영현황을 조사 분석하였다. 아울러 RPP를 CPP로 전환할 경우 발생되는 문제점과 영향에 대해서도 조사하는 한편 그 시사점을 분석 제시하였다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.97-103
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• 2014

To ensure adequate protection from the risk of burns, fire fighter's turnout has a composite of more than three components and air gaps between layers of materials. During the flame exposure, radiation and convection heat transfer occurs in the air gap, thus the air gap acts as a thermal resistance with non-linear characteristics. Therefore, in this study, the experiments were performed to identify the effect of various air gap width (0~7 mm) on the thermal protective performance of fire fighter's clothing. The temperatures on each layer and RPP (Radiant Protective Performance, the most effective index representing the thermal protective performance) were measured with various incident radiant heat fluxes. The temperature at the rear surface of the garment decreased and RPP increased with increasing air gap width because the thermal resistance increased. Especially, it could be found that RPP value and air gap width has almost linear relation for the constant incident heat flux conditions. Thus relatively simple RPP predictive equation was suggested for various incident heat flux and air gap conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.88-97
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• 2006

Wood flour (WF)-recycled polypropylene (RPP) composites composed of 50% WF of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume species, 50% RPP, various contents of maleic anhydride (MAH) modifier (0; 1; 2; 5; 5; 7.5; and lo%), and 15% dicumyl peroxide (DCP) initiator (based on MAH weight) were subjected to weather for 1 year and subterranean termite (Coptotermes cuwignathus HOLMGREN) and dry wood termite (Cryptotermes cynocephalus LIGHT) for 3 and 4 weeks, respectively. WF-RPP composites with 2.5% MA modifier had tensile strength, breaking elongation and Young's modulus about 2.2, 2.3, and 1.2 times, respectively higher compared to MAH-free composites. The WF-RPP composites with or without MAH modifier had 5.5 times higher resistance to weather compared to RPP film alone. The color of the WF-RPP composites with or without MAH modifier became lighter after exposures to the weather. The WF-RPP composites with or without MAH modifier are resistant to subterranean termite Coptotermes curvignathus HOLMGREN and dry wood termite Cryptotermecs cynocephalus LIGHT under the experimental condition adopted.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.19-27
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• 2008

This study was performed to evaluate the compressive strength and acid-resistant of polymer concrete using redispersible polymer powder(RPP) and blast furnace slag powder(BSP). Material used were ordinary portlant cement, recycled coarse aggregate, natural fine aggregate, redispersible polymer powder and blast furnace slag powder. The main experimental variables were the substitution ratio of redispersible polymer powder and blast furnace slag powder, when the substitution ratios of RPP were 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6%, and those of BSP were 10%. The compressive strength and acid-resistant of polymer concrete using RPP and BSP were compared with those of ordinary concrete(Basis). When the substitution ratio of RPP was 1%, at age of 28 days, the compressive strength were more higher than those of Basis by 24%, and it was decreased with increasing the RPP content, respectively. Also, the water absorption ratio was decreased with increasing the RPP content. But, the acid-resistant was improved with increasing the RPP content.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.117-149
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• 1999

This paper is to examine the effect of the receiver pays principle (RPP) on the calling price, social welfare and interconnection charge. A significant trouble with introducing this system in telecommunications pricing is the possibility that the receiving party may refuse to receive a call if the charge he has to bear is very high. We find the condition for no calls to be refused and show that the profit maximizing prices charged to the calling party and the receiving party must satisfy this condition. We demonstrate that the calling price under RPP must be lower than the price under the caller pays principle (CPP), that the profit of a firm will be increased under RPP, but that the consumer surplus will not necessarily be increased under RPP despite the lowered calling price. Also, we show that, if the demand function is linear, the reciprocal interconnection charge under RPP is higher than that under CPP.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1167-1173
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of providing fermented soy protein to weaned pigs on nitrogen balance and apparent fecal and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of AA. Four weaned ((Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace)${\times}$Duroc) barrows (BW = 6.58${\pm}$0.98 kg), surgically fitted with a simple T-cannula approximately 15 cm prior to the ileo-cecal junction, were fed four diets according to 4${\times}$4 Latin square design. Diets were a basal diet supplemented with one of the following: 3% SDPP (spray dried plasma protein), 5% RBP (soy protein fermented by Lactobacillus spp.), 5% PSP (soy protein fermented by Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus subtilis), and 2.5% RPP (2.5% RBP+2.5% PSP). No differences were observed in DM and N intakes among treatments. However, the level of urine excretion was greater in the RPP group than in the PSP group. Additionally, fecal DM excretion, fecal N concentration and fecal N excretion were increased in the RBP, PSP and RPP groups when compared with the SDPP group (p<0.05). Furthermore, total excretion was increased in the RPP group when compared with the PSP group (p<0.05). In addition, N absorption and the N absorption ratio were higher in the SDPP group than in the RPP group (p<0.05). Moreover, the DM and N digestibilities were lower in the RBP, PSP and RPP groups than in the SDPP group (p<0.05), and the ash and energy digestibilities were higher in the SDPP and RBP groups than in the PSP and RPP groups (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the DM, N, Ash, Ca, P or ileal digestibilities among treatments, although the energy digestibility was higher in the SDPP group than the RBP group (p<0.05). In addition, the apparent ileal digestibilities of essential amino acids (Arg, His, Iso, Leu, Lys, Phe, Thr, and Val) were significantly higher in the SDPP group than in the other groups (p<0.05), and the levels of Ala, Cys, Glu and Try were greater in the SDPP treatment group than the RBP, PSP and RPP groups (p<0.05). Additionally, the levels of Asp, Gly and Ser were higher in the SDPP group than the PSP and RPP groups, and the level of Pro was higher in the SDPP group than the RPP group (p<0.05). Finally, total non-essential amino acid and total amino acid digestibility were higher in the SDPP group than in the other treatments (p<0.05). Taken together, the results of this study indicate that animal protein is more bioavailable than plant protein. However, the N absorption ratio and ileal digestibility were found to be similar in the SDPP and RBP groups.