• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 1997

Taxa of the herbivorus insect larvae and their foodplant species were surveyed in a temperate forest of Namhansansung Area, Sungnam City, Kyonggi Province, in 1994-1996 growing season, Sixty two taxa of insect larvae fed on leaves of 18 woody species in 11 families during three growing season. Larvae began to be detected from the mid-April when the leafing time began. The number of larvae taxa reached to the maximum value(32 taxa) early in May, 1994. It was the time that the value of specific leaf area reached to the maximum. It decreased up to 3-4 taxa in the mid-June. Taxa of insect larvae were different year by year even in the same season. Most of larvae fed on various plant species, suggesting that they were generalist or polyphagous species. Fagaceae, Betulaceae, Ulmaceae, Rosaceae. Aceraceae, Ericaceae, Oleaceae and Styracaceae were fed on by many taxa of insect larvae, while Euonymus spp. (Celastraceae). Lindera obtusiloba(Lauraceae) and Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa(Symplocaceae) were mainly fed on by a few taxon.. Erannis, Calospilos and Phigalia were observed to feed on various species, but Illiberis, Pryeria and Chalocosia fed on only Rosaceae, Euonymus spp.(Cerastraceae) and Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa(Symplocaceae), respectively. An unidentified larva was observed only on Lindera obtusiloba (Lauraceae).

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2013

Ten compounds (1 - 10), palmitic acid (1), 10-nonacosanol (2), pentacosan-1-ol (3), phytol (4), ${\beta}$-sitosterol (5), ${\beta}$-sitosterol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (6), 2,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (7), hyperoside (8), uridine (9) and adenosine (10), were isolated from the n-hexane and EtOAc-soluble fractions of the aerial parts of A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus (Rosaceae). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. All compounds (1 - 10) were isolated for the first time from this plant. Cytotoxicity of 1 - 10 against Jurkat T (T-lymphocytic leukemia cells), HeLa (Human cervical epitheloid carcinoma cells), MCF-7 (Human breast cancer cells), and HL-60 (Human promyelocytic leukemia cells) cell lines was measured. Compound 6 showed good cytotoxicity against HL-60 cell line with $IC_{50}$ value of 8.13 ${\mu}g/mL$. In addition, compounds 7 and 8 exhibited antioxidant activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 16.30 and 12.42 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.3 s.138
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• pp.215-228
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• 2004

The Korean folk medicine 'Jin Hae Cho Ip' has been used as a remedy for neuralgia and as an invigorating drug after a childbirth, etc in Korea. With regard to the botanical origin of 'Jin Hae Cho Ip', several species of Potentilla (Rosaceae) has been refired, but no pharmacognostical study has yet been performed in this regard. To clarify the botanical origin of the 'Jin Hae Cho Ip', the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the leaflets and petioles of Potentilla and Sibbaldia species growing in Korea, such as P. chinensis, P. cryptotaeniae, P. dickinsii, P. discolor, P. fragarioides var. major, P. freyniana, P. kleiniana, P. matsumurae, P. paradoxa, and S. procumbens, were compared. As a result, it was found that 'Jin Hae Cho Ip' was composed of the leaves of P. Chinensis and P. discolor.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.155-158
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• 2000

Bioassay-guided fractionation of Crataegus pinnatifida (Rosaceae) gave two cytotoxic ursane-type triterpenes which were identified as uvaol (1) and ursolic acid (2) by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. 3-Oxo-ursolic acid (3) was synthesized from ursolic acid (2) by Jones method. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were tested against murine L1210 and human cancer cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, XF498, and HCT15) in vitro. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate cytotoxicities against L1210, whereas they showed weak activities against human cancer cell lines. However compound 3 exhibited potent cytotoxic activities both in murine and in human cancer cell lines.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.619-623
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• 2004

Tissue factor (TF, tissue thromboplastin) is a membrane bound glycoprotein, which acceler-ates the blood clotting, activating both the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways to serve as a cofactor for activated factor VII (Vila). The TF-factor Vila complex (TF/VIIa) proteolytically activates factors IX and X, which leads to the generation of thrombin and fibrin clots. In order to isolate TF inhibitors, by means of a bioassay-directed chromatographic separation technique, from the leaves of Eriobotrya japonica Lindley (Rosaceae), a known sesquiterpene glycoside (2) and ferulic acid (3) were isolated as inhibitors that were evaluated using a single-clotting assay method for determining TF activity. Another sesquiterpene glycoside (1) was also isolated but was inactive in the assay system. Compound 3 was yielded by alkaline hydrolysis of compound 2. The structures of compounds 1, 2, and 3 were identified by means of spectral analysis as $3-O-{\alph}-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2)-[{\alph}-L-rhamnopyrano-syl-(1{\rightarrow}6)]-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl nerolidol$ (1), $3-O-{\alph}-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}4)-{\alph}-L-rhamnopyr-anosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2)-[{\alph}-L-(4-trans-feruloyl)-rhamnopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}6)]-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl$ nerolidol (2) and ferulic acid (3), respectively. Compounds 2 and 3 inhibited 50% of the TF activity at con-centrations of 2 and $369{\;}\mu\textrm{m}/TF$ units, respectively.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.262-272
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• 1996

The constituents of Sanguisorba hakusanensis leaves (Rosaceae), of which the roots have been used as an astringent, hemostatics and antiphlogistics, were studied phytoche mically. From water fraction of the MeOH extract, gallic acid 3-O-${\beta}$-D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside(I), quercetin-3-O-${\beta$-D-galactopyranoside(II), quercetin-3-O-${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranoside(III) and $2{\alpha},\;3{\beta},\;19{\alpha}$, 23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside(IV) were isolated by column chromatographic separation using Amberlite XAD-2, ODS-gel and Sephadex LH-20. The structure of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic parameters of $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, $^1H-^1H$ COSY, $^{13}C-^1H$ COSY, EI-Mass, FAB-Mass, IR, UV and by comparison with authentic samples.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 1998

In order to compare species-specific calcium metabolism, we collected 127 species belonging to 40 different families grown on various habitats including saline, limestone, wetland during the 1996 vegetation period, and analyzed their inorganic ion contents. Plants investigated were divided into 5 groups according to their physiological properties: 1) Chenopodiaceae, Aizoaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Portulacaceae and Phytolaccaceae of Centrospermales and Polygonaceae (Polygonales had a little water-soluble $Ca^{2+}$ but contained high contents of insoluble $Ca^{2+}$ particularly as Ca-oxalate (Chenopodiaceae type), 2) Some plant species such as Rosaceae produced oxalate in amounts insufficient to precipitate all incoming $Ca^{2+}$ and thus contained a surplus of dissolved $Ca^{2+}$ (Rosaceae type), 3) The contents of water-soluble $Ca^{2+}$ in plant species of Crassulaceae. Plantaginaceae, Asclepiadaceae, and Zygophyllaceae were equal to or greater than those of K ($K/Ca{\leq}1$; Crassulaceae type), and 4) K/Ca ratios of Compositae were significantly fluctuated depending on species and soil $Ca^{2+}$ level of their habitats (Compositae type). 5) Certain monocots (Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae), in contrast to the dicotyledonous plant families mentioned above, showed a very distinct type of calcium metabolism, that is, the K/Ca ratios of 8~10 were maintained indifferently in the species and their habitat types (Graminae type). These results plants within the same taxon have similar physiological aspects as weel as morphological attributes. To understand calcium metabolism of certain plant species, therefore, it is desirable to approach on the basis of physiological concept (calciotroph or calciophobe) rather than the ecological one (calcicole or calcifuge).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.223-228
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• 2011

Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne (Rosaceae) is a deciduous tree and is distributed in China, Korea and Japan. In previous studies on the fruits of C. sinensis, some triterpenoid compouds such as oleanolic acid, tormentic acid were reported. In an ongoing investigation into biologically active compounds from natural products, the methanol extract of the stems of C. sinensis was investigated. By means of the repeated column chromatography using silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, LiChroprep RP-18, betulin (1), tormentic acid (2), 1-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzene (3), lyoniresinol-2a-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranoside (4) were isolated. The chemical structures of compounds 1-4 were determined by the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic methods such as 1D and 2D NMR. For the isolated compounds (1-4), the inhibitory activity of IL-6 production in TNF-${\alpha}$ stimulated MG-63 cell was examined. Among the isolates, betulin (1), 1-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzene (3), lyoniresinol-2a-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranoside (4) showed inhibitory effects on IL-6 production in TNF-${\alpha}$ stimulated MG-63 cell.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2023

Spiraea prunifolia f. simpliciflora Nakai is a perennial shrub widely used for horticultural and medicinal purposes. We simultaneously obtained the complete plastid genome (plastome) and nuclear ribosomal gene transcription units, 45S nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) and 5S nrDNA of S. prunifolia f. simpliciflora, using Illumina short-read data. The plastome is 155,984 bp in length with a canonical quadripartite structure consisting of 84,417 bp of a large single-copy region, 18,887 bp of a short single-copy region, and 26,340 bp of two inverted repeat regions. Overall, a total of 113 genes (79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs, and four rRNAs) were annotated in the plastome. The 45S nrDNA transcription unit is 5,848 bp in length: 1,809 bp, 161 bp, and 3,397 bp for 18S, 5.8S, and 26S, respectively, and 261 bp and 220 bp for internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS 2 regions, respectively. The 5S nrDNA unit is 512 bp, including 121 bp of 5S rRNA and 391 bp of intergenic spacer regions. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the genus Spiraea was monophyletic and sister to the clade of Sibiraea angustata, Petrophytum caespitosum and Kelseya uniflora. Within the genus Spiraea, the sections Calospira and Spiraea were monophyletic, but the sect. Glomerati was nested within the sect. Chamaedryon. In the sect. Glomerati, S. prunifolia f. simpliciflora formed a subclade with S. media, and the subclade was sister to S. thunbergii and S. mongolica. The close relationship between S. prunifolia f. simpliciflora and S. media was also supported by the nrDNA phylogeny, indicating that the plastome and nrDNA sequences assembled in this study belong to the genus Spiraea. The newly reported complete plastome and nrDNA transcription unit sequences of S. prunifolia f. simpliciflora provide useful information for further phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of the genus Spiraea, as well as the family Rosaceae.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.82-85
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• 2000

The aqueous ethanolic whole plant extract of Rosa arabica was found to contain the new natural dimeric phenolic compound, ellagic acid 3,3'-dimethyl ether $4-O-{\alpha}-rhamnopyranoside$, 9, along with ten known phenolic metabolites (1-8, 10 and 11). Structures of all compounds (1-11) were established by routine methods of analysis and confirmed by FAB-MS, $^1H\;and\;^{13}C$ NMR spectral analysis.