• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2022

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was developed to quantify the classification ability of marker values (covariates) on the response variable and has been extended to survival data with diverse missing data structure. When survival data is understood as binary data (status of being alive or dead) at each time point, the ROC curve expressed at every time point results in time-dependent ROC curve and time-dependent area under curve (AUC). In particular, a follow-up study brings the change of cohort and incomplete data structures such as censoring and competing risk. In this paper, we review time-dependent ROC estimators under several contexts and perform simulation to check the performance of each estimators. We analyzed a dementia dataset to compare the prognostic power of markers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.7-13
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• 1997

조직학적으로 유용성이 입증된 산탈회법을 이용한 인접면 비교적 초기 치아 우식의 병소를 형성하여 진단율을 조사하였다. 산 용액을 이용하여 20개 인접면 치아우식을 20개 소구치에 형성하였고, 37개 인접면 치아우식을 30개 대구치에 형성하였다. 건전한 소구치 20개, 대구치 30개를 포함하여 총 96개 치아를 4개씩 나누어 24개의 블록을 형성하였고, 각각 2개 블록의 교합면을 교합시켜서, 교익촬영을 하였다. 촬영 결과를 36명의 치과의사들이인접면 치아우식의 유무를 기록하고, 동시에 및 ROC 분석을 위한 5 개 범주의 판독 기준으로 판독하여 기록하였다. 인접면 치아우식증 유, 무만으로 판독한 결과 진단의 sensitivity는 0.71, specificity는 0.78 이였다. ROC 분석 한 결과의 곡선도표 아래부분의 평균 면적은 약 0.806 이였다. 치아우식증 유무만으로 진단한 결과는 특정한 sensitivity와 specificity 만을 나타내지만, ROC 분석 결과는 주관적 진단 기준과 구별되는 고유의 진단 능력을 표시하는 1-specificity(False Positive)의 변화에 따른 sensitivity(True Positive)의 변화를 연속적으로 나타내어 주었다.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.269-278
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• 2011

There are many researches that have considered the distribution functions and appropriate covariates corresponding to the scores in order to improve the accuracy of a diagnostic test, including the ROC curve that is represented with the relations of the sensitivity and the specificity. The ROC analysis was used by the regression model including some covariates under the assumptions that its distribution function is known or estimable. In this work, we consider a general situation that both the distribution function and the elects of covariates are unknown. For the ROC analysis, the mixtures of normal distributions are used to estimate the distribution function fitted to the credit evaluation data that is consisted of the score random variable and two sub-populations of parameters. The AUC measure is explored to compare with the nonparametric and empirical ROC curve. We conclude that the method using normal mixtures is fitted to the classical one better than other methods.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.87-101
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• 2021

Required Operational Capability(ROC), which means the performance of a weapon system, is determined when estimating the requirements of a new weapon system. It is very important to define the ROC as it has a decisive influence from acquisition of a weapon system to tactical operation. In this study, we propose a simulation methodology to verify the ROC of the Para-Observation Munition(POM), a newly developed weapon system. To this end, we propose a discrete-event simulation model that takes main performance of the weapon system constituting the ROC and environmental factors that affect performance of the weapon system as input values, and outputs operational effect as a result value. It describes various simulation logic required to implement a simulation model, and explains how to verify ROC using various simulation results such as sensitivity analysis. POM is a weapon system that does not have a similar one and that is difficult to directly utilize the military analysis model. This study can be used as a methodology to analyze the ROC and predict operational effects of weapon systems such as POM.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.367-367
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• 2019

최근 기후변화로 인해 국지성 호우 및 태풍의 빈도가 빈발하고 및 규모가 커지고 있으며 그로 인한 홍수피해규모는 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 도시 지역의 호우로 인한 침수유발 강우량을 산정하는 기법의 정확도를 산정하는데 목적이 있으며 이를 위해 ROC(Receiver Operation Characteristic Curve) 분석을 이용하였다. 본 논문에서는 분포형 홍수해석 모형인 S-RAT 모형과 2차원 침수해석 모형 FLO-2D을 커플링하여 호우로 인한 침수해석을 실시하였으며 강우시나리오는 설계 강우 200mm의 강우를 10% 간격으로 증가시켜 강우량 대비 침수심 자료를 모의하였다. 모의한 침수심 자료를 이용하여 유역 격자를 $1km{\times}1km$ 별 강우량-침수심 관계곡선식을 제시하였으며 개발된 곡선식을 이용하여 특정 침수심(20cm)을 유발시키는 강우량(한계강우량)을 산정하였다. 정확도 산정은 ROC(Receiver Operation Characteristic Curve) 분석 방법을 이용하여 침수 유무의 적중률에 따른 민감도와 특이도를 이용하여 AUC(Area Under the Curve)의 점수로 정확도를 판단하였다. 본 논문에서는 본 논문에서 제시한 한계강우량의 정확도를 판단하기 위하여 2011년 7월의 사당역 일대 침수사례를 이용하였다. 실제 침수정보가 없어 실제 호우사상과 실제 하수관망을 고려할 수 있는 SWMM 모형을 이용하여 침수분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 평균 ROC는 약 0.7로 나타났으며 5 단계의 구분에서 Fair 단계로 적정 수준의 정확도를 확보한 것으로 나타났다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.2 s.49
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• pp.153-163
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• 1995

In this study, Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the ability of cephalometric measurements to identify patients with Class III malocclusions. ROC analysis is the method for determining the validity of a diagnostic measure and for evaluating the relative value of diagnostic tests. The sample consisted of 496 patients with malocclusion. Class III malocclusion is defined as the dental relationship for which The mesiobuccal groove of the lower first molar is deviated mesially from the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar. Of the total sample of 496 patients, 245 had Class III malocclusions. 16 cephalometric measurements were selected, each of which was treated as a diagnostic test. The ROC curves were generated for each cephalometric measurement with intervals of $1.0^{\circ}$ for angular measurements, 1.0mm for linear measurements. The area under the ROC curves was measured for direct comparison among different diagnostic tests. The results were as follows; 1. The 'Wits' appraisal was found to be a better diagnostic criterion for the presence of Class III malocclusion than any other commonly'used cephalometric measurement. 2. AB plane angle, ANB angle, App-Bpp distance, AF-BF distance, APDI, Distance of point A and Pog to N perpendicular, maxillomandibular differential had high diagnostic value. 3. Cephalometric measurements which evaluate the position of the mandible had moderate diagnostic value. 4. Cephalometric measurements related to the maxilla discriminated least between patients with and without Class III malocclusion.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.1173-1181
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• 2020

Recently, as local heavy rains occur frequently in a short period of time, economic and social impacts are increasing beyond the simple primary damage. In advanced meteorologically advanced countries, realistic and reliable impact forecasts are conducted by analyzing socio-economic impacts, not information transmission as simple weather forecasts. In this paper, the degree of flooding was derived using the Spatial Runoff Assessment Tool (S-RAT) and FLO-2D models to calculate the threshold rainfall that can affect human walking, and the threshold rainfall of the concept of Grid to Grid (G2G) was calculated. In addition, although it was used a lot in the medical field in the past, a quantitative accuracy analysis was performed through the ROC analysis technique, which is widely used in natural phenomena such as drought or flood and machine learning. As a result of the analysis, the results of the time period similar to that of the actual and simulated immersion were obtained, and as a result of the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve, the adequacy of the fair stage was secured with more than 0.7.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.381-389
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• 2019

It is important to estimate flood overflow because adverse weather phenomena are frequently occurring in recent years. In order to cope with such abnormal floods, it is essential to perform flood inundation simulations for constructing flood inundation maps as nonstructural countermeasures. However, there is no quantitative evaluation method and criterion for flood inundation prediction. In this study, the Receiver Operation Characteristics (ROC) and Lee Sallee Shape Index (LSSI) were employed to quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of flood inundation maps for 10 administrative districts. Comparing predicted inundation maps with actual inundation trace maps, the ROC score was 0.631 and the LSSI was 25.16 %. Using the ROC and the LSSI, we proposed an evaluation criterion for flood inundation map. The average score was set as an intermediate score and distributed into 5 intervals. The validity of the evaluation criterion was investigated by applying to the XP-SWMM model, which has been verified and corrected. The ROC analysis result was 0.8496 and the LSSI was 51.92 %. It is considered that the proposed evaluation criteria can be applied to flood inundation maps.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.237-243
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• 2017

This study evaluated the applicability of computer-aided diagnosis by retrospective analysis of GLCM algorithm based on cytopathological diagnosis of normal and malignant nodules in thyroid ultrasound images. In the experiment, the recognition rate and ROC curve of thyroid malignant nodule were analyzed using 6 parameters of GLCM algorithm. Experimental results showed 97% energy, 93% contrast, 92% correlation, 92% homogeneity, 100% entropy and 100% variance. Statistical analysis showed that the area under the curve of each parameter was more than 0.947 (p = 0.001) in the ROC curve, which was significant in the recognition of thyroid malignant nodules. In the GLCM, the cut-off value of each parameter can be used to predict the disease through analysis of quantitative computer-aided diagnosis.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1851-1860
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• 2013

The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is widely applied to evaluate for meteorological droughts. However, the SPI is limited to capture a drought event with a short duration, expecially shorter than one month. In this study, we proposed a daily SPI (DSPI) as a way to overcome the limitation of the monthly SPI for drought monitoring. In order to objectively assess the ability of the drought reproduction of the DSPI, we performed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis using the quantified drought records from official reports, newspapers, etc. The results of ROC analysis showed that the DSPI has an ability to reproduce short-term drought compared with other indices. It also showed that the main cause of historical droughts was the shortage of rainfall accumulated during the time period less than 90 days compared with the rainfall of normal years.